scholarly journals Steroidal Regulation of Oviductal microRNAs Is Associated with microRNA-Processing in Beef Cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 953
Author(s):  
Angela Maria Gonella-Diaza ◽  
Everton Lopes ◽  
Kauê Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Ricardo Perecin Nociti ◽  
Gabriella Mamede Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Large Follicle ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Microrna Processing ◽  
Small Follicle

Information on molecular mechanisms through which sex-steroids regulate oviductal function to support early embryo development is lacking. Here, we hypothesized that the periovulatory endocrine milieu affects the miRNA processing machinery and miRNA expression in bovine oviductal tissues. Growth of the preovulatory follicle was controlled to obtain cows that ovulated a small follicle (SF) and subsequently bore a small corpus luteum (CL; SF-SCL) or a large follicle (LF) and large CL (LF-LCL). These groups differed in the periovulatory plasmatic sex-steroid’s concentrations. Ampulla and isthmus samples were collected on day four of the estrous cycle. Abundance of DROSHA, DICER1, and AGO4 transcripts was greater in the ampulla than the isthmus. In the ampulla, transcription of these genes was greater for the SF-SCL group, while the opposite was observed in the isthmus. The expression of the 88 most abundant miRNAs and 14 miRNAs in the ampulla and 34 miRNAs in isthmus were differentially expressed between LF-LCL and SF-SCL groups. Integration of transcriptomic and miRNA data and molecular pathways enrichment showed that important pathways were inhibited in the SF-SCL group due to miRNA control. In conclusion, the endocrine milieu affects the miRNA expression in the bovine oviduct in a region-specific manner.

scholarly journals PSXII-35 The Periovulatory Endocrine Milieu Affects the Composition of the Oviductal Fluid in Beef Cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 244-244
Author(s):  
Angela M Gonella-Diaza ◽  
Mariana Sponchiado ◽  
Guilherme Pugliesi ◽  
Edson G Lo Turco ◽  
Mario Binelli
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cows ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Quantitative Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Large Follicle ◽  
Pls Analysis ◽  
Oviductal Fluid ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Univariate Analyses ◽  
Small Follicle

Abstract Our main objective was to compare the composition of the oviductal fluid (OFL) between cows of high and low receptivity to the embryo. A model for receptivity based on the manipulation of the size of the preovulatory follicle (POF) was used to compare the composition of the OFL. Using this model, it has been proved that the oviduct of high receptivity cows has differences in morphology, gene expression, and extracellular matrix remodeling when compared to low receptivity cows. Cycling, non-lactating, multiparous Nelore cows (n = 14) were presynchronized before receiving cloprostenol (large follicle [LF] group) or not (small follicle [SF] group), along with a progesterone (P4) device on Day (D) ─10. Devices were withdrawn, and cloprostenol administered 42–60 h (LF) or 30–36 h (SF) before GnRH agonist treatment (D0). As a result, higher estrogen concentrations, corpora lutea, and progesterone concentrations were also observed in the LF group in comparison to the SF group. Four days after GnRH-induced ovulation, OFL was collected. Quantitative mass spectrometry was used to determine the concentration of 21 amino acids, 21 biogenic amines, 40 acylcarnitines, 76 phosphatidylcholines, 14 lysophosphatidylcholines, 15 sphingomyelins, 29 hexoses, and 17 prostaglandins and related compounds in the OF. MetaboAnalyst 3.0 was used to identify which metabolites better explained the separation of experimental groups and which could potentially be used as markers of receptivity. After multivariate and PLS analysis, samples of the LF and SF were divided clearly into two non-overlapping clusters. The most influential variables to separate the two groups included: Glutamate, Leucine, four phosphatidylcholines, three lysophosphatidylcholines, and arachidonic acid. Univariate analyses further confirmed these results. There were statistical differences in the concentration of 31 metabolites (P ≤ 0.05) between groups. We concluded that the composition of the OFL is different between cows with contrasting receptivity and fertility status.

scholarly journals HP1 drives de novo 3D genome reorganization in early Drosophila embryos

Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fides Zenk ◽  
Yinxiu Zhan ◽  
Pavel Kos ◽  
Eva Löser ◽  
Nazerke Atinbayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Organization ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Heterochromatin Protein ◽  
Chromosome Conformation ◽  
3D Genome ◽  
Genome Reorganization

AbstractFundamental features of 3D genome organization are established de novo in the early embryo, including clustering of pericentromeric regions, the folding of chromosome arms and the segregation of chromosomes into active (A-) and inactive (B-) compartments. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive de novo organization remain unknown1,2. Here, by combining chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C), chromatin immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP–seq), 3D DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (3D DNA FISH) and polymer simulations, we show that heterochromatin protein 1a (HP1a) is essential for de novo 3D genome organization during Drosophila early development. The binding of HP1a at pericentromeric heterochromatin is required to establish clustering of pericentromeric regions. Moreover, HP1a binding within chromosome arms is responsible for overall chromosome folding and has an important role in the formation of B-compartment regions. However, depletion of HP1a does not affect the A-compartment, which suggests that a different molecular mechanism segregates active chromosome regions. Our work identifies HP1a as an epigenetic regulator that is involved in establishing the global structure of the genome in the early embryo.

scholarly journals Gene expression profiling of bovine endometrium during the oestrous cycle: detection of molecular pathways involved in functional changes

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 889-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bauersachs ◽  
S E Ulbrich ◽  
K Gross ◽  
S E M Schmidt ◽  
H H D Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Cdna Array ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Retinoic Acid Signalling ◽  
Subtracted Cdna Libraries

The endometrium plays a central role among the reproductive tissues in the context of early embryo–maternal communication and pregnancy. It undergoes typical changes during the sexual/oestrous cycle, which are regulated by the ovarian hormones progesterone and oestrogen. To identify the underlying molecular mechanisms we have performed the first holistic screen of transcriptome changes in bovine intercaruncular endometrium at two stages of the cycle – end of day 0 (late oestrus, low progesterone) and day 12 (dioestrus, high progesterone). A combination of subtracted cDNA libraries and cDNA array hybridisation revealed 133 genes showing at least a 2-fold change of their mRNA abundance, 65 with higher levels at oestrus and 68 at dioestrus. Interestingly, genes were identified which showed differential expression between different uterine sections as well. The most prominent example was the UTMP (uterine milk protein) mRNA, which was markedly upregulated in the cranial part of the ipsilateral uterine horn at oestrus. A Gene Ontology classification of the genes with known function characterised the oestrus time by elevated expression of genes, for example related to cell adhesion, cell motility and extracellular matrix and the dioestrus time by higher expression of mRNAs encoding for a variety of enzymes and transport proteins, in particular ion channels. Searching in pathway databases and literature data-mining revealed physiological processes and signalling cascades, e.g. the transforming growth factor-β signalling pathway and retinoic acid signalling, which are potentially involved in the regulation of changes of the endometrium during the oestrous cycle.

scholarly journals Embryo-induced transcriptome changes in bovine endometrium reveal species-specific and common molecular markers of uterine receptivity

Reproduction ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Bauersachs ◽  
Susanne E Ulbrich ◽  
Karin Gross ◽  
Susanne E M Schmidt ◽  
Heinrich H D Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cdna Array ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Uterine Receptivity ◽  
Subtracted Cdna Libraries ◽  
Species Specific

The endometrium plays a central role among the reproductive tissues in the context of early embryo–maternal communication and pregnancy. This study investigated transcriptome profiles of endometrium samples from day 18 pregnant vs non-pregnant heifers to get insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in conditioning the endometrium for embryo attachment and implantation. Using a combination of subtracted cDNA libraries and cDNA array hybridisation, 109 mRNAs with at least twofold higher abundance in endometrium of pregnant animals and 70 mRNAs with higher levels in the control group were identified. Among the mRNAs with higher abundance in pregnant animals, at least 41 are already described as induced by interferons. In addition, transcript levels of many new candidate genes involved in the regulation of transcription, cell adhesion, modulation of the maternal immune system and endometrial remodelling were found to be increased. The different expression level was confirmed with real-time PCR for nine genes. Localisation of mRNA expression in the endometrium was shown byin situhybridisation forAGRN,LGALS3BP,LGALS9,USP18,PARP12andBST2. A comparison with similar studies in humans, mice, and revealed species-specific and common molecular markers of uterine receptivity.

Age- and stage-specific regulation patterns in the hematopoietic stem cell hierarchy

Blood ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 2966-2972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut Geiger ◽  
Jarrod M. True ◽  
Gerald de Haan ◽  
Gary Van Zant
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Cell Compartments ◽  
Quantitative Trait Linkage Analysis ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Stem Cell Hierarchy

Abstract The molecular mechanisms that regulate self-renewal and differentiation of very primitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in vivo are still poorly understood. Despite the clinical relevance, even less is known about the mechanisms that regulate these cells in old animals. In a forward genetic approach, using quantitative trait linkage analysis in the mouse BXD recombinant inbred set, this study identified loci that regulate the genetic variation in the size of primitive hematopoietic cell compartments of young and old C57BL6 and DBA/2 animals. Linked loci were confirmed through the generation and analysis of congenic animals. In addition, a comparative linkage analysis revealed that the number of primitive hematopoietic cells and hematopoietic stem cells are regulated in a stage-specific and an age-specific manner.

Regulation of desmocollin transcription in mouse preimplantation embryos

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Collins ◽  
J.E. Lorimer ◽  
D.R. Garrod ◽  
S.C. Pidsley ◽  
R.S. Buxton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Splice Variants ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Cleavage Stages

The molecular mechanisms regulating the biogenesis of the first desmosomes to form during mouse embryogenesis have been studied. A sensitive modification of a reverse transcriptase-cDNA amplification procedure has been used to detect transcripts of the desmosomal adhesive cadherin, desmocollin. Sequencing of cDNA amplification products confirmed that two splice variants, a and b, of the DSC2 gene are transcribed coordinately. Transcripts were identified in unfertilized eggs and cumulus cells and in cleavage stages up to the early 8-cell stage, were never detected in compact 8-cell embryos, but were evident again either from the 16-cell morula or very early blastocyst (approx 32-cells) stages onwards. These two phases of transcript detection indicate DSC2 is encoded by maternal and embryonic genomes. Previously, we have shown that desmocollin protein synthesis is undetectable in eggs and cleavage stages but initiates at the early blastocyst stage when desmocollin localises at, and appears to regulate assembly of, nascent desmosomes that form in the trophectoderm but not in the inner cell mass (Fleming, T. P., Garrod, D. R. and Elsmore, A. J. (1991), Development 112, 527–539). Maternal DSC2 mRNA is therefore not translated and presumably is inherited by blastomeres before complete degradation. Our results suggest, however, that initiation of embryonic DSC2 transcription regulates desmocollin protein expression and thereby desmosome formation. Moreover, data from blastocyst single cell analyses suggest that embryonic DSC2 transcription is specific to the trophectoderm lineage. Inhibition of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion did not influence the timing of DSC2 embryonic transcription and protein expression. However, isolation and culture of inner cell masses induced an increase in the amount of DSC2 mRNA and protein detected. Taken together, these results suggest that the presence of a contact-free cell surface activates DSC2 transcription in the mouse early embryo.

scholarly journals Spatio-specific regulation of endocrine-responsive gene transcription by periovulatory endocrine profiles in the bovine reproductive tract

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estela R. Araújo ◽  
Mariana Sponchiado ◽  
Guilherme Pugliesi ◽  
Veerle Van Hoeck ◽  
Fernando S. Mesquita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Large Follicle ◽  
Endocrine Profiles ◽  
Peptidase Inhibitor ◽  
Solute Carrier ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Small Follicle

In cattle, pro-oestrous oestradiol and dioestrous progesterone concentrations modulate endometrial gene expression and fertility. The aim was to compare the effects of different periovulatory endocrine profiles on the expression of progesterone receptor (PGR), oestrogen receptor 2 (ESR2), oxytocin receptor (OXTR), member C4 of aldo–keto reductase family 1 (AKR1C4), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), solute carrier family 2, member 1 (SLC2A1) and serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A member 14 (SERPINA14): (1) between uterine horns ipsi- and contralateral to the corpus luteum (CL), (2) between regions of the ipsilateral horn and (3) in the vagina. Endometrium and vagina tissue samples were collected from cows that ovulated a larger (large follicle-large CL, LF-LCL; n = 6) or smaller follicle (small follicle-small CL, SF-SCL; n = 6) 7 days after oestrus. Cows in the LF-LCL group had a greater abundance of transcripts encoding ESR2, AKR1C4, LPL, SLC2A1 and SERPINA14, but a reduced expression of PGR and OXTR in the endometrium versus the SF-SCL group (P < 0.05). Expression of PGR and OXTR was greater in the contralateral compared with the ipsilateral horn (P < 0.05). Regardless of group, the anterior region of the ipsilateral horn had increased expression of PGR, ESR2, LPL, SLC2A1 and SERPINA14 (P < 0.05). Different periovulatory endocrine profiles, i.e. LF-LCL or SF-SCL, did not influence gene expression in the vagina and had no interaction with inter- or intra-uterine horn gene expression. In conclusion, inter- and intra-uterine horn variations in gene expression indicate that the expression of specific genes in the bovine reproductive tract is location dependent. However, spatial distribution of transcripts was not influenced by distinct periovulatory sex-steroid environments.

scholarly journals Parthenogenesis as a Solution to Hybrid Sterility: The Mechanistic Basis of Meiotic Distortions in Clonal and Sterile Hybrids

Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 215 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitrij Dedukh ◽  
Zuzana Majtánová ◽  
Anatolie Marta ◽  
Martin Pšenička ◽  
Jan Kotusz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Triploid Hybrid ◽  
Interspecific Gene Flow ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Bivalent Formation ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Sterile Hybrids

Hybrid sterility is a hallmark of speciation, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we report that speciation may regularly proceed through a stage at which gene flow is completely interrupted, but hybrid sterility occurs only in male hybrids whereas female hybrids reproduce asexually. We analyzed gametogenic pathways in hybrids between the fish species Cobitis elongatoides and C. taenia, and revealed that male hybrids were sterile owing to extensive asynapsis and crossover reduction among heterospecific chromosomal pairs in their gametes, which was subsequently followed by apoptosis. We found that polyploidization allowed pairing between homologous chromosomes and therefore partially rescued the bivalent formation and crossover rates in triploid hybrid males. However, it was not sufficient to overcome sterility. In contrast, both diploid and triploid hybrid females exhibited premeiotic genome endoreplication, thereby ensuring proper bivalent formation between identical chromosomal copies. This endoreplication ultimately restored female fertility but it simultaneously resulted in the obligate production of clonal gametes, preventing any interspecific gene flow. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the emergence of asexuality can remedy hybrid sterility in a sex-specific manner and contributes to the speciation process.

scholarly journals Chromatin landscape and circadian dynamics: Spatial and temporal organization of clock transcription

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (22) ◽  
pp. 6863-6870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Aguilar-Arnal ◽  
Paolo Sassone-Corsi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Chromatin Remodelers ◽  
Circadian Genes ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Complex Program

Circadian rhythms drive the temporal organization of a wide variety of physiological and behavioral functions in ∼24-h cycles. This control is achieved through a complex program of gene expression. In mammals, the molecular clock machinery consists of interconnected transcriptional–translational feedback loops that ultimately ensure the proper oscillation of thousands of genes in a tissue-specific manner. To achieve circadian transcriptional control, chromatin remodelers serve the clock machinery by providing appropriate oscillations to the epigenome. Recent findings have revealed the presence of circadian interactomes, nuclear “hubs” of genome topology where coordinately expressed circadian genes physically interact in a spatial and temporal-specific manner. Thus, a circadian nuclear landscape seems to exist, whose interplay with metabolic pathways and clock regulators translates into specific transcriptional programs. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms that connect the circadian clock machinery with the nuclear landscape will reveal yet unexplored pathways that link cellular metabolism to epigenetic control.

Estrogens and progestins: molecular effects on brain cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Mannella ◽  
Tommaso Simoncini ◽  
Andrea Riccardo Genazzani
Keyword(s):  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Complete Knowledge ◽  
Molecular Effects ◽  
In Vivo Effects ◽  
The Brain

AbstractSex steroids are known to regulate brain function and their role is so important that several diseases are strictly correlated with the onset of menopause when estrogen-progesterone deficiency makes neural cells much more vulnerable to toxic stimuli. Although in the past years several scientists have focused their studies on in vitro and in vivo effects of sex steroids on the brain, we are still far from complete knowledge. Indeed, contrasting results from large clinical trials have made the entire issue much more complicated. Currently we know that protective effects exerted by sex steroids depend on several factors among which the dose, the health of the cells and the type of molecule being used. In this review, we present an overview of the direct and indirect effects of estrogen and progesterone on the brain with specific focus on the molecular mechanisms by which these molecules act on neural cells.

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