scholarly journals Eating Speed and Incidence of Diabetes in a Japanese General Population: ISSA-CKD

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1949
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Fujii ◽  
Shunsuke Funakoshi ◽  
Toshiki Maeda ◽  
Atsushi Satoh ◽  
Miki Kawazoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
General Japanese Population ◽  
Speed Group ◽  
Japanese General Population ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Background: We investigated whether eating speed was associated with the incidence of diabetes in a Japanese general population. Methods: A total of 4853 Japanese individuals without diabetes at baseline were analyzed. Self-reported eating speed was categorized as slow, medium, and fast on the basis of questionnaire responses. The study outcome was the incidence of diabetes. Results: After an average follow-up period of 5.1 years, 234 individuals developed diabetes. The incidence of diabetes per 1000 person-years was 4.9 in the slow eating speed group, 8.8 in the medium eating speed group, and 12.5 in the fast eating speed group, respectively (*** p < 0.001 for trend). The HRs were 1.69 (95%CI 0.94–3.06) for the medium eating speed and 2.08 (95%CI 1.13–3.84) for the fast eating speed, compared to the slow eating speed (* p = 0.014 for trend) after adjustment for age, gender, smoking status, drinking, exercise, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Conclusion: Faster eating speed increased a risk for the incidence of diabetes in a general Japanese population.

scholarly journals E-cigarette Use for Smoking Reduction and Cessation in a Four-year Follow-up Study Among Young Swiss Men: Some may Benefit, but they are Few.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Gmel ◽  
Matthias Wicki ◽  
Simon Marmet ◽  
Joseph Studer
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Abstract BackgroundRandomised controlled trials have shown some benefits to using e-cigarettes (ECs) to facilitate smoking reduction and cessation, but real-world observational studies have rarely confirmed this. The present study looked at EC use and smoking during a four-year longitudinal study of young men. It compares general population findings with a subgroup of individuals with a good prognosis for quitting smoking. MethodsThe smoking habits of 5353 young men at t1 (average 21.3 years old) were defined as either never-smoker, ex-smoker, initiates, relapsed smoker or persistent smoker. At follow-up (t2), smoking status was analysed using logistic regression, differences in the number of cigarettes smoked by persistent t1/t2 smokers were analysed using mixed linear models and the number of quit attempts was analysed using negative binomial models. ResultsAt the general population level, EC use had no beneficial effects on reducing or ceasing smoking. Non-smokers (never- and ex-) and smokers at t1 were more likely to be smokers at t2 if they had begun to use ECs (e.g. among persistent smokers OR=4.56, 95% CI [2.75, 7.58]), but not-significantly so if they had already used ECs at t1. Among smokers at t1, almost daily EC use at t1 was associated with a non-significant reduction in smoking at t2 (OR=0.74, 95% CI [0.33, 1.65]), but occasional EC use significantly increased smoking at t2 (OR=3.05, 95% CI [2.29, 4.06]). Both daily and occasional EC use increased smoking at t2 among t1 non-smokers. T2 smokers made more attempts to quit when using ECs at t2 (IRR=1.53, 95% CI [1.26, 1.85]). Beneficial effects were found among a subgroup of EC users with a good prognosis for quitting (using nicotine liquids and at least 2nd generation ECs, motivation to quit and daily EC use at t2, but not t1). ConclusionSome smokers may have benefitted from using ECs, but they were few. At the general population level, ECs are not predominantly used in a way, which might optimise reducing or ceasing smoking. Therefore, the public health effect on the general population of using ECs may be questionable, as may policy measures to facilitate EC use.

scholarly journals Association between Unhealthy Dietary Habits and Proteinuria Onset in a Japanese General Population: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2511
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Tokumaru ◽  
Tadashi Toyama ◽  
Akinori Hara ◽  
Kiyoki Kitagawa ◽  
Yuta Yamamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
The Status ◽  
Japanese General Population ◽  
Late Evening ◽  
Skipping Breakfast

The relationship between dietary habits and development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unclear. This retrospective cohort study was conducted to examine the association between unhealthy dietary habits and proteinuria onset, a key prognostic factor of CKD, among a Japanese general population aged ≥40 years. The risks of proteinuria onset were estimated based on the status of baseline unhealthy dietary habits (quick eating, late dinner, late evening snack, and skipping breakfast) compared with the status without these habits. A total of 26,764 subjects were included, with a mean follow-up period of 3.4 years. The most frequent unhealthy dietary habit was quick eating (29%), followed by late dinner (19%), late evening snack (16%), and skipping breakfast (9%). During the follow-up period, 10.6% of participants developed proteinuria. Late dinner and skipping breakfast showed an increased adjusted risk of proteinuria onset (hazard ratio (HR) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02 to 1.22, and HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.31, respectively). Unhealthy dietary habits were not associated with changes in body mass index or waist-to-height ratio during the follow-up period. Our results suggest that late dinner and skipping breakfast are associated with higher risks for proteinuria onset.

Abstract P025: Left Atrial Dilatation Predicts The Incidence Of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation In Japanese General Population; The Suita Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Higashiyama ◽  
Makoto Watanabe ◽  
Yoshihiro Kokubo ◽  
Tomonori Okamura ◽  
Akira Okayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Left Atrial Volume ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Japanese General Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Left atrial (LA) dilatation detected by ultrasonic cardiography (UCG) has been reported to be associated with the incidence of AF in Western countries. However, the relationship between LA dilatation and the AF incidence has not been well investigated in Asian countries, with lower incidence of AF and obesity and with higher incidence of hypertension and stroke. To investigate the relationship between LA dilatation and the AF incidence in Japanese general population, we estimated the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of LA dilatation assessed by UCG for the incidence of AF. Methods: Participants were 1,585 individuals without AF (665 men, 920 women) who are the participants of a prospective cohort study for CVD incidence in urban Japanese general population (the Suita study). The mean±SD age of the participants were 67.8±7.0 years. Transthoracic UCG was performed from July in 2007 to June in 2013, and LA dimension was determined in accordance with American Society of Echocardiography recommendations by M-mode echocardiograms. After the UCG, the electrocardiograms (ECG) were repeatedly performed until March in 2016. The physicians coded the ECG using Minnesota Code (MC), and AF code is defined as 8-3-1. The HRs of LA dilatation for the incidence of AF with 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated by Cox proportional hazard model with the adjustment for the followings at the UCG test; age, sex, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, the presence of heavy drinking (more than 2 drinks/day), non-HDL cholesterol, and the presence of the moderate or severe mitral or aortic valve abnormality detected by UCG. Results: The mean follow-up period from UCG to the last ECG was 4.6±1.8 years, and 19 AF incidences were detected. The multivariate-adjusted HR of the LA dilatation (>40 mm) for the incidence of AF was 8.19 (95% CI: 2.47-27.14). And the multivariate-adjusted HR of 5 mm increment of LA dimension was 2.95 (1.65-5.29), and that of the highest quartile of LA dimension compared to the lowest was 3.37 (0.64-17.78). Among 674 participants with left atrial volume index (LAVI) data (5 AF cases), the multivariate-adjusted HR of LAVI ≥ 32 (ml/m 2 ) for AF incidence was 3.93 (95%CI: 0.34-45.86), and it showed the highest HR among the co-adjusted factors. Conclusion: LA diameter assessed by UCG is a simple and non-invasive clinical data, and could be a useful factor for the prediction of AF incidence among Japanese general population. Although the follow-up period was not enough compared to the previous studies in Western population, the present study might indicate that individuals with LA dilation detected by UCG are the important candidate for careful and continuous check-ups about CVD risk factors, ECG and UCG in Asian population.

Abstract P004: Association Between The Liver Fibrosis-4 Score And Incident Atrial Fibrillation In A General Japanese Population Of Middle-aged To Older Adults

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Tanaka ◽  
Sarah Chuzi ◽  
Nagisa Morikawa ◽  
Hayato Tada ◽  
Kenshi Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
General Japanese Population ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models

Background: There is increasing evidence that end-organ liver dysfunction is an important risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). Whether a non-invasive, laboratory-based marker of liver fibrosis, the fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4), is associated with incident AF is not known. Aim: To examine the longitudinal association of FIB-4 with incident AF in a general Japanese population with public health insurance. Methods: We used data from the National Japanese Health Check-Up performed in Kanazawa City, which included unemployed or retired participants aged ≥ 40 years. The baseline examination occurred in 2013 and participants were invited for annual routine examinations with follow-up data available through 2018. We excluded participants with pre-existing AF or missing data at baseline or follow-up. Incident AF was based on 12-lead electrocardiogram. We calculated the FIB-4 score (composed of age [years], aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, and platelet levels) for each participant and estimated the cumulative incidence of AF stratified by FIB-4 score quartiles. We also examined the association between quartiles of FIB-4 and incident AF using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for risk factors with the lowest FIB-4 quartile as referent. Results: Of 37,892 participants, 37% were male and mean age was 72.4±9.6 years. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) of the FIB-4 score was 1.75 (IQR 1.38, 2.27). During a median (IQR) follow-up period of 5.0 years (4.0, 5.0), 707 cases of incident AF were identified. Cumulative incidence in the highest quartile of FIB-4 was 3.9% compared with 1.0% in the lowest quartile (log-rank p<0.001, Figure A ). Higher quartiles of the FIB-4 score had a dose-dependent increased risk of AF with adjusted HR of 1.70 (1.29, 2.23) in the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile ( Figure B ). Conclusion: FIB-4 was independently associated with incident AF in a general, older Japanese population and may reflect risk of AF, in addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

Smoking cessation patterns and predictors of quitting smoking among the Japanese general population: a 1-year follow-up study

Addiction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Hagimoto ◽  
Masakazu Nakamura ◽  
Takako Morita ◽  
Shizuko Masui ◽  
Akira Oshima
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
General Population ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Japanese General Population
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