scholarly journals Influence of Process Parameters on the Tribological Behavior of PEO Coatings on CP-Titanium 4+ Alloys for Biomedical Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5364
Author(s):  
Stephan Lederer ◽  
Serkan Arat ◽  
Wolfram Fuerbeth
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Repetition Rate ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Peo Coatings

Wear resistant ceramic coatings were generated on novel commercially pure titanium grade 4+ alloys by the plasma electrolytic oxidation technique (PEO) in an aluminate and zirconia containing electrolyte. The coatings were obtained adopting a full regular two-level factorial design of experiments (DoE) varying the PEO process parameters current density, repetition rate and duty cycle. The generated coatings were characterized with respect to its wear resistance and mechanical properties by reciprocal ball-on-flat tests and nanoindentation measurements. Thickness, morphology and phase formation of the PEO coatings was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction. XRD results indicate the formation of crystalline aluminium titanate (TiAl2O5) as well as t-ZrO2 and alumina leading to an increase in hardness and wear resistance of the PEO coatings. Evaluation of the DoE’s parameter interaction shows that the main effects for generating wear resistant coatings are current density and repetition rate. In particular, the formation of mechanically stable and adhesive corundum and zirconia containing coatings with increasing current density and frequency turned out to be responsible for the improvement of the tribological properties. Overall, the PEO processing significantly improves the wear resistance of the CP titanium base alloy.

scholarly journals Morphology and Wear Resistance of Composite Coatings Formed on a TA2 Substrate Using Hot-Dip Aluminising and Micro-Arc Oxidation Technologies

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaopeng Wang ◽  
Lian Zhou ◽  
Changjiu Li ◽  
Zhengxian Li ◽  
Hongzhan Li
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Titanium Substrate ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Oxide Ceramic ◽  
Pure Aluminium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Arc Oxidation

Aluminium layers were coated onto the surface of pure titanium using hot-dip aluminising technology, and then the aluminium layers were in situ oxidised to form oxide ceramic coatings, using the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique. The microstructure and composition distribution of the hot-dip aluminium coatings and ceramic layers were studied by using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The phase structure of the MAO layers was studied using X-ray diffraction. The surface composition of the MAO layer was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The wear resistance of the pure titanium substrate and the ceramic layers coated on its surface were evaluated by using the ball-on-disc wear method. Therefore, aluminising coatings, which consist of a diffusion layer and a pure aluminium layer, could be formed on pure titanium substrates using the hot-dip aluminising method. The MAO method enabled the in-situ oxidation of hot-dip pure aluminium layers, which subsequently led to the formation of ceramic layers. Moreover, the wear resistance values of the ceramic layers were significantly higher than that of the pure titanium substrate.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Three-Dimensional Microstructure Copper Electroforming Based on 3D Printing Technology

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 887
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Wu ◽  
Shuangqing Qian ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Hongbei Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology

In order to fabricate three-dimensional metal microstructures, a combined machining process based on 3D printing technology and electroforming technology is proposed. Firstly, a substrate with microstructures is fabricated by 3D printing technology, and then the microstructures were fabricated by electroforming technology. The influence of process parameters such as current density, distance between electrodes and pulse current duty cycle on the electroformed layer were studied and analyzed. It was determined that the peak current density 6A/dm2, the void ratio 20%, and the distance between electrodes 40 mm were the optimum process conditions of electroforming experiment. The electroforming experiments of different microstructures were carried out with the optimum process parameters.

The Influence of Process Parameters on Structure of Ceramic Coatings Deposited by PS-PVD Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Góral ◽  
Tadeusz Kubaszek
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Ceramic Powder ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Oxide Coating ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Columnar Structure ◽  
Powder Feed Rate ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Powder Feed

Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBC) is the most advanced system for protection of turbine blades and vanes against high temperature, and oxidation. They are used in most advanced jet engines. In present article the new Plasma Spray Physical Vapour Deposition Technology was used to obtain yttria stabilized zirconia oxide coating with columnar structure. In research the different process parameters were changed. It was observed that powder feed rate had big influence on coating thickness. The large amount of Ar in plasma gasses combined with high powder feed rate resulted in partial evaporation of ceramic powder and splat-type structure. The same effect was observed when the power current was decreased form 2400 to 1600 A as well as pressure was increased to 200 Pa when the powder feed rate was 30 g/min. The obtained results showed that full evaporation of ceramic powder requires very low feed rate of ceramic material (2 g/min), high power current and high He content into plasma.

Experimental Investigation of Electrochemical Micromachaning Process Parameters on Pure-Titanium Using Taguchi-Grey Relational Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 198-204
Author(s):  
T. Geethapriyan ◽  
K. Kalaichelvan
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Grey Relational Analysis ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Electrochemical Machining ◽  
Electrochemical Micromachining ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Grey Relational

Non-conventional machine are nowadays plays a vital role in manufacturing complex shaped products and to produce the product with high accuracy the electrochemical machining is widely used to machine complicated shapes for electrically conducting difficult-to-machine materials such as super alloys, Ti-alloys, alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel, etc. such titanium-based alloys are in common use for aero engine components such as blades and blisks (blade integrated disks). Therefore, in this present work to investigate the influence of some predominant electrochemical process parameters such as applied voltage, electrolyte concentration, Micro-tool feed rate and duty cycle on the metal removal rate , overcut and surface roughness to fulfill the effective utilization of electrochemical machining of Pure-titanium. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of process parameters on machining characteristics and optimize the combination of those parameters using Taguchi-grey relational analysis. From this result, it is observed that process parameters have significant role in Electrochemical Micromachining process and the optimization values has been found using proposed multi-response methodology.

scholarly journals Preparation of Wear-Resistant Coating on Ti6Al4V Alloy by Cold Spraying and Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1288
Author(s):  
Mingzeng Shao ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Hongbo Yang ◽  
Xueer Zhang ◽  
Xiaomei He
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Cold Spraying ◽  
Ti6al4v Alloy ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Ti6al4v Substrate ◽  
Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic ◽  
Α Al2o3 ◽  
Peo Coatings

In order to improve the wear resistance of Ti6Al4V alloy, the alloy was first coated with alumina-reinforced aluminum coating (CS-coating) by cold spraying, and then the alloy with CS-coating was processed by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) under unipolar mode and soft sparking mode, respectively, to prepare wear-resistant PEO coatings. For comparison, Ti6Al4V alloy without CS-coating was also subjected to PEO treatment. The microstructure, phase composition, hardness, and wear resistance of the PEO coatings formed on Ti6Al4V alloy with and without CS-coating were investigated. The results revealed that PEO coatings formed on Ti6Al4V alloy with CS-coating under soft sparking mode contained more α-Al2O3, possessed larger thickness, more compact microstructure, and higher microhardness than that formed under unipolar mode. The PEO coating formed on Ti6Al4V substrate was mainly composed of TiO2 and had pores and cracks. Among all these coatings, PEO coating formed on Ti6Al4V alloy with CS-coating under soft sparking mode exhibited the best wear resistance with a wear rate of 1.18 × 10−5 mm3/(Nm), which was only 15.28% of that of the Ti6Al4V substrate. The investigation indicated that the combination of cold spraying and PEO under soft sparking mode is a promising technique for improving the wear resistance of titanium alloy.

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