scholarly journals Nutrient Patterns and Body Composition Parameters of Black South African Women

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Caroline B. T. Makura-Kankwende ◽  
Philippe J. Gradidge ◽  
Nigel J. Crowther ◽  
Shane A. Norris ◽  
Tinashe Chikowore
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
South African ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
African Women ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Nutrient Patterns ◽  
South African Women

Obesity is more prevalent in black South African women than men. However, little is known about the nutrient patterns associated with body composition indices in black African women. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to 25 nutrients derived from quantified food frequency questionnaires (QFFQs) in 498 middle aged black South African women. Three nutrient patterns, the plant driven, animal driven and Vitamin C, sugar and potassium driven nutrient patterns, accounted for 59% of the variance of nutrient intake. Linear models of the body composition parameters as outcome variables indicated that a standard deviation increase in the animal driven nutrient pattern was significantly associated with increases in body mass index (BMI) (1.29 kg·m−2 (95% CI, 0.54–2.04; p = 0.001), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) (26.30 cm2 (7.97–44.63); p = 0.005), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (9.88 cm2 (5.13–14.63); p < 0.001), VAT/SAT ratio (0.01 (0.00–0.02); p = 0.018), whole body fat mass index (0.74 kg·m−2 (0.25–1.22); p = 0.003), and whole body lean mass index (0.53 kg·m−2 (0.23–0.83); p = 0.001). An increase in plant driven nutrient pattern was significantly associated with an increase in SAT of 20.45 cm2 (0.47–40.43); p = 0.045. This study demonstrates that animal driven nutrient pattern, characterised by the consumption of more animal protein and fat nutrients, similar to the western diet is associated with increased body fat and lean mass.

scholarly journals Circulating and Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Composition in Black South African Women with Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1619
Author(s):  
Pamela A. Nono Nankam ◽  
Paul J. van Jaarsveld ◽  
Elin Chorell ◽  
Melony C. Fortuin-de Smidt ◽  
Kevin Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
South African ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
African Women ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
South African Women

Background and Aims: During positive energy balance, excess lipid storage in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is associated with increased lipolysis. Elevated circulating fatty acid (FA) concentrations from both SAT lipolysis and dietary fat intake may result in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation, impairment of glucose metabolism, altogether increasing obesity-associated metabolic risks. We aimed to test the hypothesis that FA composition of red blood cell total phospholipids (RBC-TPL) and SAT is associated with body fat centralisation (VAT/SAT ratio) and insulin sensitivity (SI) in black South African women with obesity. Methods: Participants’ (n = 41) body fat composition and distribution, SI, and RBC-TPL, abdominal and gluteal SAT (gSAT) FA composition (gas-liquid chromatography) were measured. Results: RBC-TPL contained higher proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) than SAT (p < 0.001), which were associated with lower SI (p < 0.05). Mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1)-16 were lower, while poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and delta-5 and delta-6 desaturase indices were higher in RBC-TPL than SAT (p < 0.001). Interestingly, FA profiles differed between SAT depots with higher SFAs and lower MUFAs, SCD1-16 and SCD1-18 indices in abdominal compared to gluteal SAT (p < 0.01). In both SAT depots, higher SFAs and lower PUFAs (n-3 and n-6) correlated with lower VAT/SAT ratio; and lower PUFAs (n-3 and n-6) and higher total MUFA correlated with higher SI. Conclusion: Our findings confirm the relationships between the FA composition of RBC-TPL and SAT and metabolic risk in black women with obesity, which are dependent on both the FA class, and the tissue type/blood compartment in which they are distributed.

ISH NIA PS 03-08 THE ROLE OF BODY FAT AND FAT DISTRIBUTION IN HYPERTENSION RISK IN URBAN BLACK SOUTH AFRICAN WOMEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. e283
Author(s):  
Cindy George ◽  
Julia Goedecke ◽  
Nigel Crowther ◽  
Nicole Jaff ◽  
Andre Kengne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
African Women ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
South African Women

Lean mass appears to be more strongly associated with bone health than fat mass in urban black South African women

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 628-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. F. Sotunde ◽  
H. S. Kruger ◽  
H. H. Wright ◽  
L. Havemann-Nel ◽  
I. M. Kruger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
African Women ◽  
Black South African ◽  
South African Women

scholarly journals The Role of Lifestyle and Psycho-Social Factors in Predicting Changes in Body Composition in Black South African Women

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e0132914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Jean-Luc Gradidge ◽  
Shane A. Norris ◽  
Lisa K. Micklesfield ◽  
Nigel J. Crowther
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
South African ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
African Women ◽  
Black South African ◽  
South African Women

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Associations of Nutrient Patterns with Total and Regional Adiposity: A Study of Middle-Aged Black South African Men and Women

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4558
Author(s):  
Tshifhiwa Ratshikombo ◽  
Julia H. Goedecke ◽  
Melikhaya Soboyisi ◽  
Clement Kufe ◽  
Caroline B. T. Makura-Kankwende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Nutrient Patterns ◽  
Regional Body Fat ◽  
Regional Adiposity

The study evaluated the association between nutrient patterns with body fat and regional adiposity in middle-aged black South African (SA) men and women and determined if this differed by sex. Body fat and regional adiposity (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and dietary intake (7-day quantified food frequency questionnaire) were measured in black SA men (n = 414) and women (n = 346). Using principal component analysis, nutrient patterns were computed from 25 nutrients in the combined sample. Four nutrient patterns were extracted, explaining 67% of the variance in nutrient intake. Animal and fat, as well as the vitamin C, sugar, and potassium driven patterns, were positively associated with total adiposity. In contrast, the retinol and vitamin B12 pattern was associated with the centralisation of fat. Notably, the strength of the association between the animal-driven nutrient pattern and BMI was greater in men (1.14 kg/m2, 95% CI (0.63–1.66)) than in women (0.81 kg/m2, 95% CI (0.25–1.36)) (Pint = 0.017). In contrast, the plant-driven pattern was associated with higher abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in women (44 cm2, 95% CI (22–67)) but not men (Pint = 1.54 × 10−4). These differences suggest that although men and women have similar nutrient patterns, their associations with the whole body and regional body fat are different.

scholarly journals HDL Subclass Distribution Shifts with Increasing Central Adiposity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Woudberg ◽  
Sandrine Lecour ◽  
Julia H. Goedecke
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
African Women ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
South African Women

Although cross-sectional studies have shown that obesity is associated with lower concentrations of large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses, it is unknown if changes in HDL subclasses are related to changes in body fat and its distribution over time. We therefore assessed changes in HDL subclass distribution over a 5.5-year free-living follow-up period in 24 black South African women. At baseline and follow-up, body composition and body fat distribution were measured using anthropometry, dual X-ray absorptiometry, and computerized tomography. HDL subclass distribution was quantified using Lipoprint®. Over the 5.5-year follow-up period, body fat (+17.3 ± 4.5 kg,p<0.05) and trunk fat mass (+7.4 ± 1.9%, % fat mass, FM,p<0.05) increased, while leg fat mass (−2.53 ± 0.56%, % FM,p<0.001) and the distribution of large (−6.43 ± 2.12%,p<0.05) HDL subclasses decreased. A percentage decrease in large HDL subclasses was associated with a percentage increase in central fat mass (visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area,p<0.05) and a percentage decrease in peripheral fat mass (leg fat mass). These preliminary findings suggest that a relative redistribution of body fat from the periphery to the abdominal region were associated with a decrease HDL subclass size in black South African women and provide a novel link between body fat distribution and lipidology in this population.

scholarly journals The Role of Body Fat and Fat Distribution in Hypertension Risk in Urban Black South African Women

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e0154894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy George ◽  
Julia H. Goedecke ◽  
Nigel J. Crowther ◽  
Nicole G. Jaff ◽  
Andre P. Kengne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
African Women ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
South African Women

Association Between the 4 bp Proinsulin Gene Insertion Polymorphism (IVS-69) and Body Composition in Black South African Women

Obesity ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1298-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Berman ◽  
Malcolm Collins ◽  
Ingrid Baumgarten ◽  
Cathal Seoighe ◽  
Courtney L. Jennings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
South African ◽  
African Women ◽  
Insertion Polymorphism ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Gene Insertion ◽  
South African Women
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