Fabrication of Active Polymer Optical Fibers by Solution Doping and Their Characterization

This paper employs the solution-doping technique for the fabrication of active polymer optical fibers (POFs), in which the dopant molecules are directly incorporated into the core of non-doped uncladded fibers. Firstly, we characterize the insertion of a solution of rhodamine B and methanol into the core of the fiber samples at different temperatures, and we show that better optical characteristics, especially in the attenuation coefficient, are achieved at lower temperatures. Moreover, we also analyze the dependence of the emission features of doped fibers on both the propagation distance and the excitation time. Some of these features and the corresponding ones reported in the literature for typical active POFs doped with the same dopant are quantitatively similar among them. This applies to the spectral location of the absorption and the emission bands, the spectral displacement with propagation distance, and the linear attenuation coefficient. The samples prepared in the way described in this work present higher photostability than typical samples reported in the literature, which are prepared in different ways.

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Graded-Index and Single-Mode Polymer Optical Fibers

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-247-817 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 247 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yasuhiro Koike

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Optical Fibers ◽

Single Mode ◽

Polymer Optical Fiber ◽

Core Diameter ◽

Graded Index ◽

The Core ◽

High Bandwidth ◽

Polymer Optical Fibers ◽

First Time

ABSTRACTHigh-bandwidth graded-index (GI) polymer optical fiber (POF) and single-mode POF with good mechanical properties were successfully obtained by our interfacial-gel polymerization technique. The bandwidth of the GI POF is about 1 GHz · km which is two hundred times larger than that of the conventional step-index (SI) POF. The minimum attenuation of transmission is 56 dB/km at 688-nm wavelength and 94 dB/km at 780-nm wavelength. The single-mode POF in which the core diameter was 3–15 μ m and the attenuation of transmission was 200 dB/km at 652-nm wavelength was successfully obtained for the first time.

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Hydrogel-Core Microstructured Polymer Optical Fibers for Selective Fiber Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21051845 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 1845

Author(s):

Mikel Azkune ◽

Igor Ayesta ◽

Leire Ruiz-Rubio ◽

Eneko Arrospide ◽

Jose Luis Vilas-Vilela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Optical Fibers ◽

High Selectivity ◽

Principal Component ◽

Hollow Core ◽

Polymer Optical Fiber ◽

New Approach ◽

The Core ◽

Target Molecules ◽

Polymer Optical Fibers

A new approach of Fiber Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (FERS) is described within this article based on the use of Hydrogel-Core microstructured Polymer Optical Fibers (HyC-mPOF). The incorporation of the hydrogel only on the core of the Hollow-Core microstructured Polymer Optical Fiber (HC-mPOF) enables to perform FERS measurements in a functionalized matrix, enabling high selectivity Raman measurements. The hydrogel formation was continuously monitored and quantified using a Principal Component Analysis verifying the coherence between the components and the Raman spectrum of the hydrogel. The performed measurements with high and low affinity target molecules prove the feasibility of the presented HyC-mPOF platform.

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Commercially available granulates PMMA and PS - potential problems with the production of polymer optical fibers

Photonics Letters of Poland ◽

10.4302/plp.v12i3.1036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Mateusz Łukasz Jóźwicki ◽

Mateusz Gargol ◽

Małgorzata Gil-Kowalczyk ◽

Paweł Mergo

Keyword(s):

Optical Fibers ◽

Data Communication ◽

Point Of View ◽

Optical Fibres ◽

Polymer Optical Fiber ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Plastic Optical Fibers ◽

Crucial Information ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Polymer Optical Fibers

The aim of the study was to verify the usefulness of commercially available granulates of PMMA (poly (methyl methacrylate) and PS (polystyrene) for the production of polymer optical fibers by extrusion method. Samples were subjected to thermal processing in various conditions (different temperatures and exposure time). Thermal (TG/DTG) and spectroscopic (ATR/FT-IR) analyses were carried out to analyze changes in the samples. Based on FT-IR analysis of liquid monomers and granulates the conversion of double bonds was calculated, which gave us a picture of the degree of monomers conversion, crucial information from the technological point of view. Full Text: PDF ReferencesO. Ziemann, J. Krauser, P.E. Zamzow, W. Daum, POF Polymer Optical Fibersfor Data Communication (Berlin: Springer 2008). DirectLink P. Stajanca et al. "Solution-mediated cladding doping of commercial polymer optical fibers", Opt. Fiber Technol. 41, 227-234, (2018). CrossRef K. Peters, "Polymer optical fiber sensors—a review", Smart Mater. Struct., 20 013002 (2011) CrossRef J. Zubia and J. Arrue, "Plastic Optical Fibers: An Introduction to Their Technological Processes and Applications", Opt. Fiber Technol. 7 ,101-40 (2001) CrossRef M. Beckers, T. Schlüter, T. Gries, G. Seide, C.-A. Bunge, "6 - Fabrication techniques for polymer optical fibres", Polymer Optical Fibres, 187-199 (2017) CrossRef M. Niedźwiedź , M. Gil, M. Gargol , W. Podkościelny, P. Mergo, "Determination of the optimal extrusion temperature of the PMMA optical fibers", Phot. Lett. Poland 11, 7-9 (2019) CrossRef

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POF — Polymer Optical Fibers for Data Communication

10.1007/978-3-662-04861-0 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Werner Daum ◽

Jürgen Krauser ◽

Peter E. Zamzow ◽

Olaf Ziemann

Keyword(s):

Optical Fibers ◽

Data Communication ◽

Polymer Optical Fibers

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X-ray Shielding, Mechanical, Physical, and Water Absorption Properties of Wood/PVC Composites Containing Bismuth Oxide

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13132212 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 2212

Author(s):

Worawat Poltabtim ◽

Ekachai Wimolmala ◽

Teerasak Markpin ◽

Narongrit Sombatsompop ◽

Vichai Rosarpitak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Impact Strength ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Bismuth Oxide ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽

X Rays ◽

Equivalent Thickness ◽

X Ray ◽

The Impact

The potential utilization of wood/polyvinyl chloride (WPVC) composites containing an X-ray protective filler, namely bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) particles, was investigated as novel, safe, and environmentally friendly X-ray shielding materials. The wood and Bi2O3 contents used in this work varied from 20 to 40 parts per hundred parts of PVC by weight (pph) and from 0 to 25, 50, 75, and 100 pph, respectively. The study considered X-ray shielding, mechanical, density, water absorption, and morphological properties. The results showed that the overall X-ray shielding parameters, namely the linear attenuation coefficient (µ), mass attenuation coefficient (µm), and lead equivalent thickness (Pbeq), of the WPVC composites increased with increasing Bi2O3 contents but slightly decreased at higher wood contents (40 pph). Furthermore, comparative Pbeq values between the wood/PVC composites and similar commercial X-ray shielding boards indicated that the recommended Bi2O3 contents for the 20 pph (40 ph) wood/PVC composites were 35, 85, and 40 pph (40, 100, and 45 pph) for the attenuation of 60, 100, and 150-kV X-rays, respectively. In addition, the increased Bi2O3 contents in the WPVC composites enhanced the Izod impact strength, hardness (Shore D), and density, but reduced water absorption. On the other hand, the increased wood contents increased the impact strength, hardness (Shore D), and water absorption but lowered the density of the composites. The overall results suggested that the developed WPVC composites had great potential to be used as effective X-ray shielding materials with Bi2O3 acting as a suitable X-ray protective filler.

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Dip coating of thin polymer optical fibers

Optical Fiber Technology ◽

10.1016/j.yofte.2021.102638 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 ◽

pp. 102638

Author(s):

Andreas Evertz ◽

Daniel Schrein ◽

Ejvind Olsen ◽

Gerd-Albert Hoffmann ◽

Ludger Overmeyer

Keyword(s):

Optical Fibers ◽

Dip Coating ◽

Thin Polymer ◽

Polymer Optical Fibers

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Enhancement of the Shielding Capability of Soda–Lime Glasses with Sb2O3 Dopant: A Potential Material for Radiation Safety in Nuclear Installations

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11010326 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 326

Author(s):

M.I. Sayyed ◽

K.A. Mahmoud ◽

O.L. Tashlykov ◽

Mayeen Uddin Khandaker ◽

M.R.I. Faruque

Keyword(s):

Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Elastic Moduli ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Radiation Safety ◽

Soda Lime ◽

Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Transmission Factor ◽

Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽

Neutron Shielding ◽

Removal Cross Section

Elastic moduli were theoretically computed using the Makishima–Mackenzie model for SiO2–Na2O–CaO glasses doped with Sb2O3 contents. The calculated elastic moduli (Young’s, bulk, shear, and longitudinal modulus) were observed to increase with an increase in the Sb2O3 contents. The microhardness showed an increase, while Poisson’s ratio decreased with the rise of the Sb2O3 contents. In addition, gamma-ray and neutron shielding parameters were evaluated for the investigated glasses. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) was simulated using the Monte Carlo N-particle transport code (MCNP-5). Other parameters, such as the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), transmission factor (TF), and half-value layer, were calculated based on the simulated LAC. The addition of Sb2O3 content was observed to enhance the investigated glasses’ shielding parameters, where the highest LAC was achieved for the SCNSb10 glass with 10 mol% Sb2O3 and decreased from 0.441 to 0.154 cm−1 at gamma energies between 0.248 and 1.406 MeV. Furthermore, the fast neutron effective removal cross-section (∑R) was computed theoretically. The calculated results showed that the highest ∑R was equal to 0.0341 cm2g−1 and was obtained for the SCNSb0 glass, which had no Sb2O3 content, while the lowest ∑R was equal to 0.0286 cm2 g−1 for the SCNSb10 glass sample. The present work was carried out to examine the advantages of the soda–lime glasses with different Sb2O3 contents in several photon shielding applications, especially for radiation safety in nuclear installations.

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Distributed Static and Dynamic Strain Measurements in Polymer Optical Fibers by Rayleigh Scattering

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21155049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (15) ◽

pp. 5049

Author(s):

Agnese Coscetta ◽

Ester Catalano ◽

Enis Cerri ◽

Ricardo Oliveira ◽

Lucia Bilro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Fibers ◽

Time Domain ◽

Rayleigh Scattering ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Time Domain Reflectometry ◽

Dynamic Strain ◽

Strain Measurements ◽

Graded Index ◽

Optical Time ◽

Polymer Optical Fibers

We demonstrate the use of a graded-index perfluorinated optical fiber (GI-POF) for distributed static and dynamic strain measurements based on Rayleigh scattering. The system is based on an amplitude-based phase-sensitive Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry (ϕ-OTDR) configuration, operated at the unconventional wavelength of 850 nm. Static strain measurements have been carried out at a spatial resolution of 4 m and for a strain up to 3.5% by exploiting the increase of the backscatter Rayleigh coefficient consequent to the application of a tensile strain, while vibration/acoustic measurements have been demonstrated for a sampling frequency up to 833 Hz by exploiting the vibration-induced changes in the backscatter Rayleigh intensity time-domain traces arising from coherent interference within the pulse. The reported tests demonstrate that polymer optical fibers can be used for cost-effective multiparameter sensing.

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Melt-Spun Photoluminescent Polymer Optical Fibers for Color-Tunable Textile Illumination

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14071740 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1740

Author(s):

Konrad Jakubowski ◽

Manfred Heuberger ◽

Rudolf Hufenus

Keyword(s):

Energy Transfer ◽

Optical Fibers ◽

Color Space ◽

Emission Spectra ◽

Wide Range ◽

Color Tunable ◽

Melt Spun ◽

Polymer Optical Fibers ◽

Collective Emission ◽

Down Conversion

The increasing interest in luminescent waveguides, applied as light concentrators, sensing elements, or decorative illuminating systems, is fostering efforts to further expand their functionality. Yarns and textiles based on a combination of distinct melt-spun polymer optical fibers (POFs), doped with individual luminescent dyes, can be beneficial for such applications since they enable easy tuning of the color of emitted light. Based on the energy transfer occurring between differently dyed filaments within a yarn or textile, the collective emission properties of such assemblies are adjustable over a wide range. The presented study demonstrates this effect using multicolor, meltspun, and photoluminescent POFs to measure their superimposed photoluminescent emission spectra. By varying the concentration of luminophores in yarn and fabric composition, the overall color of the resulting photoluminescent textiles can be tailored by the recapturing of light escaping from individual POFs. The ensuing color space is a mean to address the needs of specific applications, such as decorative elements and textile illumination by UV down-conversion.

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POF-Based Solar Concentrators Incorporating Dyes and Europium Chelates

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14102667 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2667

Author(s):

Ander Vieira ◽

Jon Arrue ◽

Begoña García-Ramiro ◽

Felipe Jiménez ◽

María Asunción Illarramendi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Fibers ◽

Organic Dyes ◽

Radiative Energy ◽

Quantum Yields ◽

Solar Concentrators ◽

Europium Ion ◽

Luminescent Solar Concentrators ◽

Simplifying Assumptions ◽

Europium Chelates ◽

Polymer Optical Fibers

In this paper, useful models that enable time-efficient computational analyses of the performance of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are developed and thoroughly described. These LSCs are based on polymer optical fibers codoped with organic dyes and/or europium chelates. The interest in such dopants lies in the availability of new dyes with higher quantum yields and in the photostability and suitable absorption and emission bands of europium chelates. Time-efficiency without compromising accuracy is especially important for the simulation of europium chelates, in which non-radiative energy transfers from the absorbing ligands to the europium ion and vice versa are so fast that the discretization in time, in the absence of some simplifying assumptions, would have to be very fine. Some available experimental results are also included for the sake of comparison.

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