scholarly journals Bio-Based Bisbenzoxazines with Flame Retardant Linker

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4330
Author(s):  
Thorben Sören Haubold ◽  
Laura Puchot ◽  
Antoine Adjaoud ◽  
Pierre Verge ◽  
Katharina Koschek
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Ethylene Carbonate ◽  
Ring Closure ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
Rheological Analysis ◽  
Polymerization Behavior ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Halogen Free

This work explores the strategy of incorporating a highly substituted reactive flame retardant into a benzoxazine moiety. For this purpose, a DOPO-based flame retardant received a chain extension via reaction with ethylene carbonate. It was then reacted with phloretic acid to obtain a diphenol end-capped molecule, and further reacted with furfurylamine and paraformaldehyde to obtain a benzoxazine monomer via a Mannich-like ring closure reaction. This four-step synthesis yielded a partly bio-based halogen-free flame retardant benzoxazine monomer (DOPO-PA-fa). The successful synthesis was proven via NMR, IR and MS analysis. The polymerization behavior was monitored by DSC and rheological analysis both showing the polymerization starts at 200 °C to yield pDOPO-PA-fa. pDOPO-PA-fa has a significant thermal stability with a residual mass of 30% at 800 °C under ambient atmosphere. Furthermore, it reached a V-0 rating against small flames and an OI of 35%. Blended with other benzoxazines, it significantly improves their thermal stability and fire resistance. It emphasizes its potential as flame retardant agent.

Benzo-Fused 1,4-Heterocycles via Dialkyl Carbonate Chemistry

Synthesis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (08) ◽  
pp. 1770-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuele Musolino ◽  
Fabio Aricò
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Ethylene Carbonate ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Ring Closure ◽  
Organic Base ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Dialkyl Carbonates ◽  
Dialkyl Carbonate ◽  
Halogen Free

A novel halogen-free synthesis of benzo-fused six-membered 1,4-heterocycles through the chemistry of dialkyl carbonates is reported. Commercially available catechol, 2-aminophenol, and 2-amino­thiophenol were reacted first with ethylene carbonate in an autoclave to give O-hydroxyethyl, N-hydroxyethyl, and S-hydroxyethyl derivatives respectively, through a BAl2 mechanism. Then 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenol and 2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)phenol were cyclized in excellent yields by reaction with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and DABCO as a bi­cyclic organic base to give the corresponding benzodioxine and benzoxazine derivative, respectively. Moreover, 2-(2-aminophenylthio)ethanol afforded the benzothiazine derivative in good yield by reaction with DMC with an excess of a strong base such as NaH. The investigation on the cyclization reaction has highlighted that several equilibria are involved leading to the formation of carbonate and carbamate intermediates through BAc2 mechanisms. Depending on the reaction conditions employed, these intermediates may undergo either kinetic-controlled ring closure by a BAl2 mechanism or by-product formation.

Preparation and Properties of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Blending Modification Polyester

2012 ◽  
Vol 463-464 ◽  
pp. 515-518
Author(s):  
Sheng Chen ◽  
Min Su ◽  
Jian Wu Lan ◽  
Qing Kang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Substitution Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Limit Oxygen Index ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Halogen Free

Phosphorous-containing flame retardant additive for polyethylene terephthalate (PET), hexa(phenylamino)cyclotriphosphazene (HPACP) was synthesized by substitution reaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) with aniline. The melting temperature of HPACP are 279.2°C, and HPACP possesses of favorable thermal stability. Flame-retardant effect of HPACP on PET was investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Limit Oxygen Index (LOI) methods. With the content of flame retardant HPACP increasing, the melting enthalpy of PET reduced, while the melting temperature and onset temperature showed a decreasing tendency. With the weakening of melt dripping phenomenon, LOI of PET/ HPACP flame retardant systems increases with the increase of content of HPACP. LOI of PET containing 10 wt% of HPACP is 28.3.

Thermal stability and flammability of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers in presence of nanoclay and a halogen-free flame retardant

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. E92-E98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Entezam ◽  
Hossein Ali Khonakdar ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Ali Jafari ◽  
Said Raji ◽  
Maryam Otadi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Halogen Free

Long-term thermal stability of addition-type polyimide resins derived from pyromellitic dianhydride, 2-phenyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether, and 4-phenylethynylphtalic anhydride

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Kubota ◽  
Takefumi Furuta ◽  
Yuichi Ishida ◽  
Rikio Yokota ◽  
Masahiko Miyauchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Pyromellitic Dianhydride ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
Cure Reaction ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
A Chain

The previously developed TriA-X polyimide resin, consisting of pyromellitic dianhydride/2-phenyl-4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether; 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene/4-phenylethynylphthalic anhydride (PEPA), was exposed for 3000 h to air at 180, 240, and 270°C or a vacuum environment at 270°C, in order to study its long-term thermal stability. The weight loss and dimensional changes were measured. Elemental analysis was also conducted in order to estimate the TriA-X degradation process. The TriA-X exhibited excellent thermal stability at 180°C and a very small degree of degradation at 240°C, with the degradation becoming significant at 270°C. The latter was primarily dominated by the oxidation of a chain-extension moiety formed by the cure reaction of the end-cap PEPA.

scholarly journals THE THERMAL STABILITY OF POLYMER CABLE COMPOUNDS WITH A FLAME-RETARDING FILLER

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Svatikov ◽  
I. D. Simonov-Emelyanov
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Crystalline Hydrate ◽  
Pressure Casting ◽  
Volatile Products ◽  
Halogen Free ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Currently, halogen-free cable compositions are becoming increasingly common in the manufacture of cable compositions. The concept of halogen-free or “zero halogen” becomes a symbol of fire resistance, low-smoke characteristics, low toxicity of volatile products of combustion, the absence of the toxic, corrosive and irritating gas - hydrogen chloride - and other hydrogen halides in the volatile products. More and more manufacturers of cable products are beginning to pay increasing attention to the problems of processing, toxicity and fire safety. It should be noted that the requirements for improving the fire safety of cable products are constantly becoming tougher, since the main problem of most of these polymeric materials is their flammability, high smoke generation and high flame spread rate. In this regard, there is a burning question to increase these characteristics and bring them to the level of compounds based on PVC. The main way to increase the flame-retardant characteristics of halogenfree cable compositions is to introduce mineral fire retardants into these compositions. The study of the composition and packaging of these mineral fillers-flame retardants makes it possible to increase the level of flame-retardant characteristics of halogen-free cable compositions. The paper presents the results of studies on the thermal stability of cable compositions based on PE + EVA mixtures containing magnesium hydroxide crystalline hydrate as a filler-flame retardant. It is shown that cable compositions containing magnesium hydroxide crystal hydrate are characterized by higher heat resistance and thermal stability (~ 2-fold) compared to a polymeric matrix based on PE + SEVA. This allows to process them at high temperatures (more than 200°C) by extrusion and pressure casting.

Synthesis of a Novel Halogen-Free Intumescent Flame Retardant Agent

2014 ◽  
Vol 1004-1005 ◽  
pp. 1017-1021
Author(s):  
Wang Wang Yu ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Wen Lei
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Char Yield ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Halogen Free ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

A novel non-halogen intumescent flame retardant agent (IFR) was prepared by using phosphoric acid, pentaerythritol and aniline as raw materials. The structure and thermal stability of IFR were investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The flame retardant properties of IFR were investigated based on its inflation and char yield performance at 500°C. The results show that both the reaction time and mole ratio of raw materials have effects on the inflation and char yield of IFR.

Novel phosphorus-containing halogen-free ionic liquids: effect of sulfonate anion size on physical properties, biocompatibility, and flame retardancy

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (57) ◽  
pp. 52485-52494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu-Xia He ◽  
Liang Tang ◽  
Teng Fu ◽  
Yue-Quan Shi ◽  
Xiu-Li Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Halogen Free ◽  
Sulfonate Anion

Phosphorus-containing sulfonate ILs with different anions size present different thermal stability, solubility, viscosity, melting points, and cytotoxicity. They show flame retardant effect for PA6 via accelerating decomposition of matrix.

Preparation, thermal stability and flame-retardant properties of halogen-free polypropylene composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 478-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Luen Li ◽  
Chen-Feng Kuan ◽  
Shu-Wei Hsu ◽  
Chia-Hsun Chen ◽  
Hsu-Chiang Kuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Halogen Free
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