scholarly journals Green Dairy Plant: Process Simulation and Economic Analysis of Biogas Use in Milk Drying

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1262
Author(s):  
Ján Janošovský ◽  
Eva Marková ◽  
Adriána Kačmárová ◽  
Miroslav Variny
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Unknown Variable ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Market Situation

A project of a new milk drying unit processing 4800 kg/h of fresh milk into milk powder with expected steam consumption of 1000 kg/h (equivalent to ca. 2.6 GJ/h) was assessed. In this paper, investment profitability of this project was analyzed combining mathematical modeling, market analysis, and parametric sensitivity study. Aspen Plus was used as the simulation environment to determine values of key process variables—major streams, mass flows, and energy consumption. Co-digestion of cattle manure in an adjacent biogas plant was considered to provide biogas to partially or completely substitute natural gas as an energy source. As biogas composition from potential co-digestion was unknown, variable methane content from 45 to 60 mol.% was considered. In the next step, thorough economic analysis was conducted. Diverse effects of biogas addition depending on market prices, biogas treatment costs, and biogas methane content were simulated and evaluated. In a market situation closest to reality, biogas mixing to boiler fuel decreased simple payback period from 11.2 years to 5.1 years. However, if biogas treatment costs were high (final biogas price equal to or above 0.175 EUR/m3), the simple payback period was increased two- to sixfold, making the analyzed project practically unfeasible.

North Macedonian crisis spurs move to renewable energy

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
International Market ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Domestic Electricity ◽  
Health And Well Being

Significance Electricity companies wanted a near-38% rise amid soaring international market prices, but the ERC wanted to avoid a price shock. In November, the government declared an ‘energy crisis’ at the ERC’s request, thanks to reduced domestic electricity supply and the global market situation, and extended it in December for six months. Impacts Investment in infrastructure and technologies should contribute to economic growth and create jobs. Care will have to be taken that closing established mines and power plants do not depress economies locally and raise unemployment. Rising domestic utility prices will inflict political damage on a fragile government. Phasing out coal will improve air quality and population health and well-being, with knock-ons for healthcare priorities and spending.

Charging for Parking to Finance Public Services

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Shoup ◽  
Quan Yuan ◽  
Xin Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Public Services ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Pilot Program ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Local Public Services

Many cities have two serious problems: overcrowded on-street parking and undersupplied public services. This article examines a policy to address both problems: charge market prices to manage on-street parking and use the revenue to finance local public services. Our case study of a pilot program for alley improvements in Beijing finds that the estimated payback period for the investments in sanitation, security, landscaping, and parking is less than three years. Only 35 percent of households in the pilot program own a car and the average income of car-owning households is almost three times the income of carless households.

scholarly journals A Techno-Economic Analysis of Sustainable Material Recovery Facilities: The Case of Al-Karak Solid Waste Sorting Plant, Jordan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13043
Author(s):  
Esra’a Amin Al-Athamin ◽  
Safwat Hemidat ◽  
Husam Al-Hamaiedeh ◽  
Salah H. Aljbour ◽  
Tayel El-Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Material Recovery ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
Present Worth

Solid waste sorting facilities are constructed and operated to properly manage solid waste for both material and energy recovery. This paper investigates the possible technical and economic performance of the Al-Karak solid waste sorting plant in order to achieve financial sustainability and increase the profits that return on the plant to cover its operating costs. A standard procedure was followed to quantify and characterize the input materials of commercial solid waste by determining the recyclable materials in the sorting products. Thus, possible different equipment and material flows through the plant were proposed. An economic model was used in order to know the feasibility of the proposed options of the plant according to three economic factors, which are net present worth (NPW), return on investment (ROI), and payback period values. The results inferred that the characterization of the input materials contains a high portion of recyclable materials of paper, cardboard, plastic, and metals, which accounted for 63%. In this case, the mass of rejected waste to be landfilled was 9%. Results for the proposed options showed that the economic analysis is feasible when working loads on three and two shifts with ROI values of 4.4 and 3.5 with a payback period of the initial cost in 2 and 3 years, respectively. Working load on one shift was not feasible, which resulted in an ROI value of less than 2 and a payback period larger than 5 years. This paper recommended operating the sorting plant at a higher input feed with a working load on three shifts daily to ensure a maximum profit and to reduce the amount of commercial solid waste prior to landfilling through the concept of sorting and recycling.

scholarly journals Penambahan Tepung Sagu dan Tepung Terigu pada Pembuatan Roti Manis

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Satria A Makmur
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Egg Yolks ◽  
Materials Used

Expect this research can provide information about the utilization of sago flour becomes economically benilai products that can be used in the manufacture of food products and then give you information on how to manufacture of sago flour with sweet bread. This research was carried out in the laboratory of Agricultural Technology Courses in February of the year 2017. The materials used in this study was powdered sugar, instant yeast, milk powder, salt, emulsifier, fresh milk, flour and sago appropriate treatment, egg yolks, butter and water ice. While the instrument used was a knife, a plastic sink, oven, baking pans, mixers, Cain and scales. This research method using a complete randomized design (RAL) consisting of three treatment addition of sago flour with wheat flour as much as 3 times. a sweet bread in the produce in a test of water content, rate of carbohydrates and organoleptic (taste, colour, texture and aroma) of research results of research regarding the addition of hasi flour with flour in bread making sago sweet get averages – average water content (33.30%) levels of carbohydrates (61.45%) on different treatment – different. A test of the level of fondness toward color, flavor, aroma and texture the highest results contained on the A3 where a 50% wheat flour and sago flour 50% because many of the panelists liked the organoleptic. Keywords : Sago Flour, All Purpose Flour, Bread Flour, The Addition Of Sago

scholarly journals Socio-economic model for the operation of a solar platform for the conservation and valorization of local milk in the village of Tatki in Northern Senegal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 457-468
Author(s):  
Ndèye Fatou FAYE ◽  
Abdoulaye DIENG ◽  
Saliou NDIAYE
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Floor Price ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Village

Livestock is a strategic sector that occupies nearly 60% of rural households and accounts for 4.3% of Senegal's Gross Domestic Product (ANSD, 2016). The dairy sector plays a decisive role in this sector, given its importance in the food security of the population and the income it generates (Alari et al, 2011). However, national milk production is in deficit; the country relies on imports of large quantities of milk powder, 25,000 tons/year, to cover its consumption needs (MEPA, 2016). These imports weigh heavily on public finances, up to 60 billion FCFA/year, thus accentuating the trade balance deficit, which was 2,977 billion FCFA in 2016 (ANSD, 2018).  The analysis of the milk value chain highlights, in addition to the difficulties of securing production in the dry season, the poor access to energy in production areas (Enda Energie, 2015). Thus, in these localities, the milk can neither be preserved nor processed to be valorized and allow producers to earn stable incomes. It is in this context that a milk valorization platform was installed in 2016, in the village of Tatki located in a dairy basin in northern Senegal. After two years of operation of the platform, the financial results showed real difficulties in making the business of selling fresh milk to dairy industries profitable, given the landlocked nature of the area. Indeed, the cost price is 320 CFA francs per liter, for a price proposed by the industrialist set at 325 CFA. According to economic calculations, the floor price of a liter of fresh milk should be set at 550 CFA francs, for a minimum average commercialized volume of 471 liters per day, within the framework of a concessional credit at a rate of 5%. These conditions do not correspond to the reality of the current market and could not be applied without a subsidy. Thus, in order to make the platform profitable, it seems essential to add value to the milk by processing it on site. In this regard, the production of yogurt has given very interesting results that could be replicated in other villages in the northern zone. The financial analysis of the activity, for financing at a subsidized rate of 7.5% per year for a period of 7 years and a deferred repayment of 2 years, shows a rate of return of 18% for a period of 15 years, when local milk is processed into yogurt. The wealth generated (10% NPV) amounts to 227,269,450 FCFA and the time to recover the capital invested is 3.90 years.  

scholarly journals SENSITIVITAS INVESTASI STUDI KASUS PADA PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS PABRIK GULA SRAGI PT.PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA IX

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Dyah Puspasari ◽  
Suwandhi
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Investment Value ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to determine the sensitivity of the increase or decrease in the selling price of sugar and drops, then the investment value, and the cost of production to the IRR obtained from the investment decision to increase the capacity of the Sragi Sugar Factory. Hypothesis testing is carried out on the results of the calculation of investment analysis which includes several commonly used parameters, namely Net present value (NPV), Internal rate of return (IRR), Profitability Index (PI), and Payback Period (PP), in this case as a comparison used The results of the IRR calculation. The results of the sensitivity study found that the selling price has the highest sensitivity, then the second is the investment value, while the cost of goods manufactured has the lowest sensitivity. The results of tests carried out on three parameters show that there is a significant change between the Selling Price, Investment Value and Cost of Production with the calculation of the IRR of an investment.

Economic Analysis of the Photovoltaic Installation Use Possibilities in Farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kwaśniewski ◽  
Cengiz Akdeniz ◽  
Faruk Durmaz ◽  
Fırat Kömekçi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand

AbstractThe aim of the study was to conduct an economic analysis of the possibilities of using photovoltaic (PV) installations in selected farms. Two selected online PV calculators were used for the analysis. The research included 15 farms located in the Małopolskie Province. For a PV installation estimated using Calculator 1, Hewalex, the payback period ranged from 5.5 to 7 years for the 40% subsidy option and from 9 to 11 years without the subsidy, respectively. On the other hand, the payback period estimated with the use of the SmartekDom calculator ranged from 6 to 8 years for the option with 40% subsidy. However, without the subsidy, the period ranged from 7 to even 13 years.

Performance and Economic analysis of Bubble Column Humidification and Thermoelectric Cooler Dehumidification Water Desalination System

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Vivek Patel ◽  
Rajesh Patel ◽  
Sumit kumar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Bubble Column ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Thermoelectric Cooler ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Economical Analysis ◽  
The People

Abstract Although water is one of the key elements on the globe and accessible in a large amount, nearly one-half of the people of the globe are suffering from a shortage of freshwater that is increasing at a frightening rate most exclusively in growing nations where commercial water shortages prevail. So, in the regions with ample saline water and solar radiation where freshwater is usually limited, the humidification-dehumidification desalination systems have demonstrated inspiring outcomes. The experimental, theoretical and economical analysis of the BC humidifier, TEC based dehumidifier HDH system has been presented in this work. The effect of various operational parameters on HDH systems like Ta, Tw, H, do and ya has been studied. The daily experimental and theoretical productivity obtained during the analysis of the H-DH system was in the span of 7–13 L/day and 9.1–12.4 L/day respectively for dissimilar functional variables while the greatest experimental and theoretical productivity was reported 12.97 L/day and 12.4 L/day respectively for do=2 mm, ya=0.016 Kg/sec, Tw=60°C, Ta=27°C, and H=7 cm. Also, the experimental results present a fine confirmation with the results of the proposed mathematical model. From the economic analysis, it is found that the yearly price per liter and the payback period of the HDH system are Rs.5.1/L and 2.4 years respectively, which is a very promising value.

An Economic Analysis of a New and Renewable Energy System Installed at a Public Building

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1140-1143
Author(s):  
Gwang Hee Kim ◽  
Dong Min Won ◽  
Kyong Gon Kim ◽  
Yoon Seok Shin
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Public Building ◽  
Korean Government ◽  
Renewable Energy System ◽  
Economical Feasibility ◽  
Operation Cost

Recently, Korean government has made an effort to promote the use of a new and renewable energy system institutionally. However, in order to succeed in that promotion, it is preferentially necessary to perform a analysis of the effects of utilizing the system. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the economical feasibility of the new and renewable energy system installed at a public building. As a result of a case study, this system showed the economical feasibility in operation cost and payback period.

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