scholarly journals The Regulation of Religious Communities in the Late Middle Ages: A Comparative Approach to Ming China and Pre-Reformation England

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Teng Li ◽  
Matteo Salonia
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Reformation England ◽  
Late Medieval England ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the regulation of religious life in the late Middle Ages (14th and 15th centuries), focusing comparatively on Catholic monastic communities in pre-Reformation England and Buddhist monasticism in early Ming China. This comparative approach to two of the most important monastic traditions across Eurasia allows us to problematize the paradigm of ideas and praxes surrounding monastic self-governance in Latin Christendom and to integrate the current scholarship on Ming regulation of religious communities by investigating the pivotal changes in imperial religious policies taking place in the early period of this dynasty. We find that monks and secular authorities at the two ends of Eurasia often shared the same concerns about the discipline of religious men and women, the administration of their properties, and the impact of these communities on society at large. Yet, the article identifies significant differences in the responses given to these concerns. Through the analysis of primary sources that have thus far been overlooked, we show how in early Ming China the imperial government imposed a strict control over the education, ordination and disciplining of Buddhist monks. This bureaucratic system was especially strengthened during the reign of Zhu Yuanzhang (r. 1368–1398), when the figure of the Monk-Official and other tools of secular regulation were introduced, and limits to property claims and economic activities of monasteries were imposed. Instead, during the same period, English monasteries benefited from the previous disentangling of the Church from secular political authorities across Europe. In fact, in late medieval England, the Benedictine tradition of self-governance and independence from the secular sphere was arguably even more marked than in the rest of the continent.

scholarly journals Revival and preservation of historical memory in the creative heritage of Professor M. P. Kovalskyi

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Serhii I. Svitlenko
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Epoch

The purpose of the article is to reveal the concept of the revival and preservation of historical memory in the creative heritage of Professor M. P. Kovalskyi. Research methods: historical-genetic, historical-system and historical-biographical; complex and personalistic approaches. Sources: a series of archival documents of personal origin, published sources of epistolary and memoir character, the latest historiography. The main results. In the analytical article the regularities of the choice of young scientists in the field of scientific research are highlighted. The peculiarities of the study of the scientist-historian of the source-related problems of the period of transition from the late Middle Ages to the early Modern (ХVІ – the first half of the ХVІІ century) are studied in an atmosphere of the Soviet reality of the 70ʼs and 80ʼs of the 20th century; is accentuated on the great heuristic activity of the scientist; shows his specific contribution to the study of this historical epoch. It is argued that one can speak about the complexity of M. Kovalskyiʼs approach to the development of a source base as a documentary basis for the revival of historical memory. It was proved that the part of the process of renaissance and preservation of historical memory by Professor M. P. Kovalskyi was his work in the development of Ukrainian archeography. The afore mentioned process was traced in the creative heritage of the professor not only in the national, but also in the regional and historical lore contexts. It is highlighted that in the process of revival and preservation of historical memory M. P. Kovalskyi significantly expanded the subject field of research, boldly engaging in the innovative scientific themes of his students. The attention was also paid to the methodical aspect of the revival and preservation of historical memory by Professor M. P. Kovalskyi, which was very broad, including the study of historical chronology, museology, historiography, source studies, historical heuristics, and historical bibliography. Conclusions. Professor M. P. Kovalskyi was made a great contribution to the revival and preservation of the historical memory of Ukrainians about the Cossack period of Ukrainian history, actively involving young scientists, postgraduates and students in this process, which resulted in the formation and formation of a scientific school on source study the history of Ukraine in the ХVІ–ХVІІІ centuries. Practical meaning. The material of this article may be interesting in the process of preparing students and postgraduates, preparing theses. Scientific novelty. The research has actualized a variety of primary sources, insufficiently researched the perspective of the creative activity of Professor M. P. Kovalskyi.

Nationalist historiography and the English and Gaelic worlds in the late middle ages

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (97) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Coverage ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Much more so than in modern times, sharp cultural and social differences distinguished the various peoples inhabiting the British Isles in the later middle ages. Not surprisingly these differences and the interaction between medieval forms of culture and society have attracted considerable attention by historians. By comparison with other fields of research, we know much about the impact of the Westminster government on the various regions of the English polity, about the interaction between highland and lowland Scotland and about the similarities and differences between English and Gaelic Ireland. Yet the historical coverage of these questions has been uneven, and what at first glance might appear obvious and promising lines of inquiry have been largely neglected — for example the relationship between Gaelic Ireland and Gaelic Scotland, or between Wales, the north of England and the lordship of Ireland as borderlands of the English polity. No doubt the nature and extent of the surviving evidence is an important factor in explaining this unevenness, but in fact studies of interaction between different cultures seem to reflect not so much their intrinsic importance for our understanding of different late medieval societies as their perceived significance for the future development of movements culminating in the present.

scholarly journals Later Echoes of the So-called Kniazheskii Izbornik in Old Slavic Literatures

Slovene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-297
Author(s):  
Anissava Miltenova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
Romanian Orthodox Church ◽  
Slavia Orthodoxa ◽  
Romanian Orthodox

There is a proposition in palaeoslavistics that the reconstructed prototype of the Izbornik of 1076 is a composition designated as the Kniazheskii Izbornik, which originated from the time of the Bulgarian Tsar Peter (927–969). This article presents an overview of the contents of three manuscripts, which are copies of texts in the so-called Kniazheskii Izbornik: No. 162 from the collection of the Moscow Theological Academy, from the 15th century, Russian origin; No. 189 from the collection of the Hilandar Monastery and which is composed of two parts: Part 1 from the beginning of the 17th century, probably written by a copyist from Moldavia, and Part 2 from 1684, Russian in origin; and No. 280 (333) from the collection of St. Synod of the Romanian Orthodox Church, 15th–16th century, Moldavian in origin. There are suggestions for primary sources of these manuscripts, and the article considers the paths by which texts identical to the Kniazheskii Izbornik found their way into miscellanies in the Late Middle Ages. The three miscellanies under discussion are important witnesses of the paraenetic literature in the earliest period of the Slavia Orthodoxa, which integrated homilies of John Chrysostom, question and answers, interpretations of the Scripture, wise sayings, narration, and apophthegmata from the Paterikon and fragments of the Kniazheskii Izbornik.

'Hawks and Doves': The Impact of Operation Murambatsvina on Johane Marange Apostolic Church in Zimbabwe

Exchange ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fortune Sibanda ◽  
Tompson Makahamadze ◽  
Richard Shadreck Maposa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Mining Town ◽  
Municipal Police ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Apostolic Church

AbstractThe paper discusses the socio-economic and religious impact of Operation Murambatsvina on Johane Marange Apostolic Church in Masvingo, a city and Zvishavane, a mining town. It adopts a comparative approach in order to demonstrate the extent to which this phenomenon impacted on the religious and socio-economic activities of this movement in the two urban centres. While the majority of the church members were negatively affected, there are some who unintentionally benefited from this operation. The church was threatened numerically and theologically as some members were forced to translocate to rural areas. It is argued that in spite of the continued disruptions by the government and municipal authorities, the Vapositori of Marange continue to operate their informal business and missionary activities without necessarily compromising their traditions. The paper uses the 'hawks and doves' metaphor to demonstrate the relationship between the marauding government and municipal police and the vulnerable Vapositori during and in the post-Murambatsvina era.

scholarly journals Between Religion and Economics: Towards a Shift of Paradigm in Early Modern Economic Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. p79
Author(s):  
Eleonora Belligni
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

At the beginning of the early modern age, philosophers, religious and political thinkers writing on economics had to deal with categories that were still based on the religious certainties of the medieval West, and with a paradigm built on Aristotelian dialectic between oikos (the family economy) and chrèmata (wealth). From this frame, articulated and innovative investigations on the contemporary economic world were born in the late Middle Ages of Europe: but up until the late seventeenth century, at least, the Aristotelian paradigm remained a rigid cage for most of the writers. Yet, both the impact of some theoretical work on the relationship between religion and economy, and some significant changing in European scenario started to break this cage. Evidence of a shifting of paradigm could be detected even in Counter-Reformation authors like the Italian Giovanni Botero.

scholarly journals Bilingual neume collections of the late middle ages - a new view at the well-known music sources

2017 ◽  
pp. 279-301
Author(s):  
Vesna Peno
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
National Library ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
First Time ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
New View

The long-term process of the byzantinization of Serbian culture and art, intensified in the framework of complex political relations at the beginning of the 15th century, is testified, among others, by the preserved bilingual Greek-Slavonic musical manuscripts. As the primary sources in the reconstruction of the Serbian church chanting art in the late Middle Ages, but also the Byzantine-Serbian musical connections, the neum manuscripts unambiguously confirm the existence of the bilingual worship practice at the time of Despotovina Serbia. The long-held views on the dated two neum anthologies from the Great Lavra (E 108) and the National Library of Greece (EVE 928), their scribes, composers and songs in this paper are critically examined for the first time.

The Account Books of the Soranzo Fraterna (Venice 1406–1434) and Their Place in the History of Bookkeeping

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ryabova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Double Entry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Venetian Republic

ABSTRACT This paper contributes to the study of the accounting and legal practice existing in the Venetian Republic in the late Middle Ages. The author examines two account books created by the Soranzo fraterna, a trading firm organized as a family partnership and operating in the first half of the 15th century. The larger of the surviving ledgers, known as the libro real novo, is generally considered to be the earliest extant Venetian example of double-entry bookkeeping. New sources discovered by the author in the State Archives of Venice confirm that the libro real novo represents a compilation of accounts (a so-called estratto) prepared in view of a complicated litigation at the giudici di petizion court. The detailed examination of the judicial conflict in question reveals the purposes behind the composition of this book and the impact that the circumstances of its creation had on the accounting techniques used. JEL Classifications: M41; N73; N83.

scholarly journals Social continuity and religious coexistence: the Muslim community of Tudela in Navarre before the expulsion of 1516

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-331
Author(s):  
CARLOS CONDE SOLARES
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Religious Coexistence ◽  
Muslim Communities

ABSTRACTThis article evaluates the presence of Muslim communities in the Kingdom of Navarre in the late Middle Ages. Following the Christian Reconquest of the Navarrese bank of the Ebro in 1119, a sizeable Muslim community remained in Christian territory until 1516. This article focuses on the fifteenth century, a period for which religious coexistence in the smallest of the Iberian Christian kingdoms is in need of further contextualisation. An analysis of existing scholarship and new archival evidence throws light on the economic activities of the Muslims in Tudela as well as on their relationship with the Navarrese monarchy, their collective identity, their legal systems and their relationships not only with their Christian and Jewish neighbours, but also with other Iberian Muslim communities including those of Al Andalus, or Moorish Iberia.

A Century of Historiography: The Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis, 1900–2000

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-674
Author(s):  
Wim Janse
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Church History ◽  
Religious Culture ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Church

AbstractChurch History and Religious Culture (formerly Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis. Since 1829) is the oldest scholarly journal in the Netherlands that still appears to this day. A reflection of the discipline of academic historiography, the journal is a historical source in itself. This essay focuses on the 1,162 articles that appeared in the Archief between 1900 and 2000, in an attempt to discern in this mirror some developments, changes, and tendencies in twentieth-century Dutch church historiography. The following topics are discussed: 2. the contextuality of church historiography; 1. the effect of the church historian's personality on church historiography; 3. the geographical and chronological range of the Archief; and 4. the Archief and general historiography. The conclusions are that until the 1960s Dutch church historiography, as far as reflected in the Archief, shared the general pillarization of the Dutch establishment. The personal orientations of especially the editors were decisive; the journal's focus was on national Dutch church history; the main object of attention was the late Middle Ages and the early modern period, most of all the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation. The twentieth-century church historiography in the Archief was a modest reflection of the developments within general historiography; it recognized the importance of interdisciplinarity, but should be characterized as a strong classical discipline based on the study and interpretation of primary sources.

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