scholarly journals High-Throughput Phenotyping of Crop Water Use Efficiency via Multispectral Drone Imagery and a Daily Soil Water Balance Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Thorp ◽  
Alison Thompson ◽  
Sara Harders ◽  
Andrew French ◽  
Richard Ward
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Improvement of crop water use efficiency (CWUE), defined as crop yield per volume of water used, is an important goal for both crop management and breeding. While many technologies have been developed for measuring crop water use in crop management studies, rarely have these techniques been applied at the scale of breeding plots. The objective was to develop a high-throughput methodology for quantifying water use in a cotton breeding trial at Maricopa, AZ, USA in 2016 and 2017, using evapotranspiration (ET) measurements from a co-located irrigation management trial to evaluate the approach. Approximately weekly overflights with an unmanned aerial system provided multispectral imagery from which plot-level fractional vegetation cover ( f c ) was computed. The f c data were used to drive a daily ET-based soil water balance model for seasonal crop water use quantification. A mixed model statistical analysis demonstrated that differences in ET and CWUE could be discriminated among eight cotton varieties ( p < 0 . 05 ), which were sown at two planting dates and managed with four irrigation levels. The results permitted breeders to identify cotton varieties with more favorable water use characteristics and higher CWUE, indicating that the methodology could become a useful tool for breeding selection.

scholarly journals Water use efficiency of flooded rice fields I. Validation of the soil-water balance model SAWAH

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C.S. Wopereis ◽  
B.A.M. Bouman ◽  
M.J. Kropff ◽  
H.F.M. ten Berge ◽  
A.R. Maligaya
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Balance Model ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Flooded Rice ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Test of a microlysimeter for measurement of soil evaporation

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilton L. Flumignan ◽  
Rogério T. de Faria ◽  
Bruno P. Lena
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Soil Evaporation ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Inner Diameter

Quantifying soil evaporation is required on studies of soil water balance and applications aiming to improve water use efficiency by crops. The performance of a microlysimeter (ML) to measure soil evaporation under irrigation and non-irrigation was evaluated. The MLs were constructed using PVC tubes, with dimensions of 100 mm inner diameter, 150 mm depth and 2.5 mm wall thickness. Four MLs were uniformly distributed on the soil surface of two weighing lysimeters conducted under bare soil, previously installed at Iapar, in Londrina, PR, Brazil. The lysimeters had 1.4 m width, 1.9 m length and 1.3 m depth and were conducted with and without irrigation. Evaporation measurements by MLs (E ML) were compared with measurements by lysimeters (E L) during four different periods in the year. Differences between E ML and E L were small either for low or high atmospheric demand and also for either irrigated or non-irrigated conditions, which indicates that the ML tested here is suitable for measurement of soil evaporation.

scholarly journals Spring maize yield, soil water use and water use efficiency under plastic film and straw mulches in the Loess Plateau

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Lin ◽  
Wenzhao Liu ◽  
Qingwu Xue
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Spring Maize ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract To compare the soil water balance, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of spring maize under different mulching types in the Loess Plateau, a 7-year field experiment was conducted in the Changwu region of the Loess Plateau. Three treatments were used in this experiment: straw mulch (SM), plastic film mulch (PM) and conventional covering without mulch (CK). Results show that the soil water change of dryland spring maize was as deep as 300 cm depth and hence 300 cm is recommended as the minimum depth when measure the soil water in this region. Water use (ET) did not differ significantly among the treatments. However, grain yield was significantly higher in PM compared with CK. WUE was significantly higher in PM than in CK for most years of the experiment. Although ET tended to be higher in PM than in the other treatments (without significance), the evaporation of water in the fallow period also decreased. Thus, PM is sustainable with respect to soil water balance. The 7-year experiment and the supplemental experiment thus confirmed that straw mulching at the seedling stage may lead to yield reduction and this effect can be mitigated by delaying the straw application to three-leaf stage.

scholarly journals Yield, Economic Benefit, Soil Water Balance, and Water Use Efficiency of Intercropped Maize/Potato in Responses to Mulching Practices on the Semiarid Loess Plateau

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1100
Author(s):  
Junhong Xie ◽  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Lingling Li ◽  
Sumera Anwar ◽  
Zhuzhu Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Flat Field ◽  
Use Efficiency

Increasing agricultural productivity without undermining further the integrity of the Earth’s environmental systems such as soil water balance are important tasks to ensure food security for an increasing global population in rainfed agriculture. The impact of intercropping maize (Zea mays L.) with potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) on yield, land equivalent ratios (LER), water equivalent ratio (WER), water use, energy output, and net economic return were examined under seven planting systems: potato grown solely or intercropped on the flat field without mulching, maize grown solely or intercropped with potato on ridges or flat field with or without plastic film mulched. The three intercropping systems had 3–13% less water use than the monocropping. Among the intercropped systems, flat field caused more depletion of soil water than ridged field for both years. Compared to monocultures, intercropping with plastic film mulching and ridging significantly increased LER and WER. Meanwhile, intercropping with mulching and ridging significantly increased net economic return and energy output by 8% and 24%, respectively, when compared to monocropping. These results suggest that maize under plastic film mulched ridge-furrow plot intercropped with potato under flat plot without mulching increased energy output, net economic return, and water use efficiency without increasing soil water depletion, which could be an optimal intercropping system for the semiarid farmland on the western Loess Plateau.

Irrigation management of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) in a semi-arid tropical environment. II. Effect of irrigation frequency on soil and plant water status and crop water use

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Garside ◽  
RJ Lawn ◽  
RC Muchow ◽  
DE Byth
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Plant and soil water status, crop water use and water use efficiency, as affected by irrigation treatment, were monitored over two seasons for soybean cv. Ross, sown in the late wet season in the Ord Irrigation Area in north Western Australia. Irrigation treatments were, in both seasons, furrow irrigation after cumulative open pan evaporative losses of 30, 60 120 and 240 mm, and in the second year, an additional treatment, saturated soil culture (continuous furrow irrigation, analogous to irrigation after 0 mm pan evaporation). As expected, during periods of strong evaporative demand plant water status, as indicated by leaf water potential and leaf conductance of water vapour, was consistently greater in the more frequently irrigated treatments, while soil water depletion occurred to greater extent and depth in the less frequently irrigated treatments. However, total soil water use was directly proportional to crop growth, so that there was little evidence that water use efficiency was enhanced by restricting water supply in this environment. Indeed, efficiency of water use even under the continuous furrow irrigation system was comparable with that from other irrigation treatments. The responses are interpreted to imply that there is unlikely to be any economic advantage to the use of limited supplemental irrigation in this environment.

Slope position and subsoiling effects on soil water and spring wheat yield

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. McConkey ◽  
D. J. Ulrich ◽  
F. B. Dyck
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Lower Slope ◽  
Upper Slope

A study was conducted on a 4-m-high ridge in southwestern Saskatchewan to determine the relationship of slope position with the soil water regime and spring wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) production and to determine if those relationships were altered by subsoiling. In all years, available soil water in the spring to 120 cm increased significantly with distance upslope. This pattern was attributed to residual subsoil water in the rooting zone that had not been used by previous crops in a long-term crop-fallow rotation. After 3 yr of annual spring wheat production, soil water to 1.2 m at all slope positions approximately equalled the water content wilting point (4.0 MPa) water content, showing this residual water had been largely consumed. Apparent use of soil water between seeding and harvest at the upper slope positions was equal to or greater than that at the lower slope positions. Over-winter soil water conservation, using tall (≥ 30-cm-high) wheat stubble for snow trapping, at the upper slope positions was equal to or greater than that at the lower slope positions. In the non-drought years of 1987 and 1989, wheat yields and crop water use efficiency increased significantly with distance downslope. Since these slope effects were not related to water use or availability, they were attributed to higher soil productivity, probably related to more historical net erosion with distance upslope. During the drought year of 1988, wheat yields and water use efficiency were greatest at the upslope positions, but these results were confounded by uneven crop emergence. Subsoiling to 35 cm or deeper increased the amount and depth of infiltration of water in years with near-average November–April precipitation. Subsoiling had little effect on wheat yields and no effect on crop water use. Key words: Landscape, wheat, productivity, soil moisture

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