scholarly journals SAR and Lidar Temporal Data Fusion Approaches to Boreal Wetland Ecosystem Monitoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Montgomery ◽  
Brian Brisco ◽  
Laura Chasmer ◽  
Kevin Devito ◽  
Danielle Cobbaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Data Fusion ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Wetland Classification ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
Ecosystem Monitoring ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Boreal Wetland

The objective of this study was to develop a decision-based methodology, focused on data fusion for wetland classification based on surface water hydroperiod and associated riparian (transitional area between aquatic and upland zones) vegetation community attributes. Multi-temporal, multi-mode data were examined from airborne Lidar (Teledyne Optech, Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada, Titan), synthetic aperture radar (Radarsat-2, single and quad polarization), and optical (SPOT) sensors with near-coincident acquisition dates. Results were compared with 31 field measurement points for six wetlands at riparian transition zones and surface water extents in the Utikuma Regional Study Area (URSA). The methodology was repeated in the Peace-Athabasca Delta (PAD) to determine the transferability of the methods to other boreal environments. Water mask frequency analysis showed accuracies of 93% to 97%, and kappa values of 0.8–0.9 when compared to optical data. Concordance results comparing the semi-permanent/permanent hydroperiod between 2015 and 2016 were found to be 98% similar, suggesting little change in wetland surface water extent between these two years. The results illustrate that the decision-based methodology and data fusion could be applied to a wide range of boreal wetland types and, so far, is not geographically limited. This provides a platform for land use permitting, reclamation monitoring, and wetland regulation in a region of rapid development and uncertainty due to climate change. The methodology offers an innovative time series-based boreal wetland classification approach using data fusion of multiple remote sensing data sources.

scholarly journals Surface water isolates of hemolytic and non-hemolytic Acinetobacter with multiple drug and heavy metal resistance ability

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevilay Akbulut ◽  
Fadime Yilmaz ◽  
Bulent Icgen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Acinetobacter in surface waters are a major concern because of their rapid development of resistance to a wide range of antimicrobials and their ability to persist in these waters for a very long time. Four surface water isolates of Acinetobacter having both multidrug- and multimetal-resistant ability were isolated and identified through biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequencing. Based on these analyses, two hemolytic isolates were affiliated with Acinetobacter haemolyticus with an accession number of X81662. The other two non-hemolytic isolates were identified as Acinetobacter johnsonii and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and affiliated with accession numbers of Z93440 and AJ888983, respectively. The antibiotic and heavy metal resistance profiles of the isolates were determined by using 26 antibiotics and 17 heavy metals. Acinetobacter isolates displayed resistance to β-lactams, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and sulfonamides. The hemolytic isolates were found to show resistance to higher numbers of heavy metals than the non-hemolytic ones. Due to a possible health risk of these pathogenic bacteria, a need exists for an accurate assessment of their acquired resistance to multiple drugs and metals.

scholarly journals Recent developments in materials used for the removal of metal ions from acid mine drainage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tebogo M. Mokgehle ◽  
Nikita T. Tavengwa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Ion Imprinted ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ion Imprinted Polymers

AbstractAcid mine drainage is the reaction of surface water with sub-surface water located on sulfur bearing rocks, resulting in sulfuric acid. These highly acidic conditions result in leaching of non-biodegradeable heavy metals from rock which then accumulate in flora, posing a significant environmental hazard. Hence, reliable, cost effective remediation techniques are continuously sought after by researchers. A range of materials were examined as adsorbents in the extraction of heavy metal ions from acid mine drainage (AMD). However, these materials generally have moderate to poor adsorption capacities. To address this problem, researchers have recently turned to nano-sized materials to enhance the surface area of the adsorbent when in contact with the heavy metal solution. Lately, there have been developments in studying the surface chemistry of nano-engineered materials during adsorption, which involved alterations in the physical and chemical make-up of nanomaterials. The resultant surface engineered nanomaterials have been proven to show rapid adsorption rates and remarkable adsorption capacities for removal of a wide range of heavy metal contaminants in AMD compared to the unmodified nanomaterials. A brief overview of zeolites as adsorbents and the developent of nanosorbents to modernly applied magnetic sorbents and ion imprinted polymers will be discussed. This work provides researchers with thorough insight into the adsorption mechanism and performance of nanosorbents, and finds common ground between the past, present and future of these versatile materials.

scholarly journals Advanced Functional Materials Based on Nanocellulose for Pharmaceutical/Medical Applications

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1125
Author(s):  
Raluca Nicu ◽  
Florin Ciolacu ◽  
Diana E. Ciolacu
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Bacterial Nanocellulose ◽  
Green Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Vivo Cytotoxicity

Nanocelluloses (NCs), with their remarkable characteristics, have proven to be one of the most promising “green” materials of our times and have received special attention from researchers in nanomaterials. A diversity of new functional materials with a wide range of biomedical applications has been designed based on the most desirable properties of NCs, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and their special physicochemical properties. In this context and under the pressure of rapid development of this field, it is imperative to synthesize the successes and the new requirements in a comprehensive review. The first part of this work provides a brief review of the characteristics of the NCs (cellulose nanocrystals—CNC, cellulose nanofibrils—CNF, and bacterial nanocellulose—BNC), as well as of the main functional materials based on NCs (hydrogels, nanogels, and nanocomposites). The second part presents an extensive review of research over the past five years on promising pharmaceutical and medical applications of nanocellulose-based materials, which have been discussed in three important areas: drug-delivery systems, materials for wound-healing applications, as well as tissue engineering. Finally, an in-depth assessment of the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of NCs-based materials, as well as the challenges related to their biodegradability, is performed.

scholarly journals Single and Double Infections with Wolbachia in the Parasitic Wasp Nasonia vitripennis Effects on Compatibility

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 961-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Jeanne Perrot-Minnot ◽  
Li Rong Guo ◽  
John H Werren
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Larval Diapause ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reproductive Incompatibility ◽  
Infected Line

Abstract Wolbachia are cytoplasmically inherited bacteria responsible for reproductive incompatibility in a wide range of insects. There has been little exploration, however, of within species Wolbachia polymorphisms and their effects on compatibility. Here we show that some strains of the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis are infected with two distinct bacterial strains (A and B) whereas others are singly infected (A or B). Double and single infections are confirmed by both PCR amplification and Southern analysis of genomic DNA. Furthermore, it is shown that prolonged larval diapause (the overwintering stage of the wasp) of a double-infected strain can lead to stochastic loss of one or both bacterial strains. After diapause of a double-infected line, sublines were produced with AB, A only, B only or no Wolbachia. A and B sublines are bidirectionally incompatible, whereas males from AB lines are unidirectionally incompatible with females of A and B sublines. Results therefore show rapid development of bidirectional incompatibility within a species due to segregation of associated symbiotic bacteria.

ORGANIZATION OF ROAD TRAFFIC TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ELECTRIC ROUTE PASSENGER TRANSPORT

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (65) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Denis V. Kapsky ◽  
◽  
Sergey S. Semchenkov ◽  
Evgeny N. Kot ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Practical Development ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Conducting Research

The rapid development of the transport sector leads not only to positive changes in the life of cities and towns, to an increase in convenience and comfort for residents, but also worsens the ecology and their living environment. The “profitable-safe” dilemma can be solved by the approach of environmentally oriented selection of the type of route passenger transport and decisionmaking in favor of electric route passenger transport. The article discusses the types of such transport on the example of the experience of their use in the Republic of Belarus. The classification and systematization developed by the authors are presented with subsequent recommendations for its application. On the basis of the results of the authors’ research, the issues of interaction of rail and non-rail route vehicles with an electric drive with the organization of road traffic are separately considered. The presented materials can be useful to a wide range of readers, as well as to specialists conducting research and practical development in the field of electrically powered route vehicles and traffic management.

scholarly journals Culinary and Medicinal Mushrooms: Insight into Growing Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Zięba ◽  
Agnieszka Sękara ◽  
Katarzyna Sułkowska-Ziaja ◽  
Bożena Muszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Natural Medicines ◽  
Modern Technologies

Humans have used mushrooms from the beginning of their history. However, during the last few decades, the market demand for these fruiting bodies has increased significantly owing to the spread in the capabilities of culinary and pharmacological exploitation. Natural mushroom resources have become insufficient to meet the support needs. Therefore, traditional methods of extensive cultivation as well as modern technologies have been exploited to develop effective growing recommendations for dozens of economically important mushroom species. Mushrooms can decompose a wide range of organic materials, including organic waste. They play a fundamental role in nutrient cycling and exchange in the environment. The challenge is a proper substrate composition, including bio-fortified essential elements, and the application of growing conditions to enable a continuous supply of fruiting bodies of market quality and stabilized chemical composition. Many mushroom species are used for food preparation. Moreover, they are treated as functional foods, because they have health benefits beyond their nutritional value, and are used as natural medicines in many countries. Owing to the rapid development of mushroom farming, we reviewed the growing technologies used worldwide for mushroom species developed for food, processing, and pharmacological industries.

scholarly journals A General Fitting Function to Estimate Apparent Reaction Orders of Kinetic Profiles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pollice
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Product Inhibition ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reaction Orders

The rapid development of analytical methods in recent decades has resulted in a wide range of readily available and accurate reaction-monitoring techniques, which allow for easy determination of high-quality concentration-time data of chemical reactions. However, while the acquisition of kinetic data has become routine in the development of new chemical reactions and the study of their mechanisms, not all the information contained therein is utilized because of a lack of suitable analysis tools which unnecessarily complicates mechanistic studies. Herein, we report on a general method to analyze a single concentration-time profile of chemical reactions and extract information regarding the reaction order with respect to substrates, the presence of multiple kinetic regimes, and the presence of kinetic complexities, such as catalyst deactivation, product inhibition, and substrate decomposition.<br>

scholarly journals Development of Integrated Reporting in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Rymkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Quality Of Reports ◽  
Financial Disclosures ◽  
Social Environmental

Organizational reporting is the most important tool of communication between an enterpriseand its stakeholders. However, it is not a static tool but continues to develop and adapt to ongoingeconomic and social changes. Formerly covering only financial information; currently, it is supplementedby a wide range of non-financial information relating to all aspects of the business. The evolution ofreporting is particularly fostered by the rapid development of the concepts of corporate socialresponsibility and sustainable development, as well as the progressing changes in the information needsof stakeholders. Enterprises are increasingly publishing voluntary reports concerning the social,environmental, and employment aspects of their business in addition to reports required by law. Thisresults in the multiplication of reports and duplication of content, which has a negative impact on thereports' usefulness. The solution to this problem may be integrated reporting, which integrates andinterconnects financial and non-financial disclosures. A milestone for the development of integratedreporting was the elaboration of integrated reporting guidelines by the International Integrated ReportingCouncil (IIRC) in December 2013. The aim of the paper is to present the development of integratedreporting in Poland in 2014-2020 on the example of public companies listed on the Warsaw StockExchange. The quality of reports was assessed from the point of view of compliance with IIRC guidelines,as well as their usefulness for stakeholders. Content analysis of corporate publications and comparativeanalysis was used for this purpose.

scholarly journals Analysis of the ukrainian market of cloud technologies

Connectivity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Fedosiva ◽  
◽  
I. M. Sribna
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cloud Technologies

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Ukrainian market for the spread of cloud technologies, an overview of growth dynamics, application segments and identifies leading companies that offer services using cloud computing. According to the unanimous forecasts of the world’s leading consulting companies, the rapid improvement and spread of cloud computing is now one of the key trends that in the next 5-8 years will significantly affect the global development of not only the IT industry but also business, finance, public administration, medicine, education and many other areas of human life. Prospects for the rapid development of cloud services in Ukraine encourage more careful consideration of the experience of their application in more «mature» markets and identify the main benefits and risks of these technologies in local conditions. People perceive the cloud as a platform only for storage and computing. However, there are many other opportunities that cloud technologies offer with cloud computing. Currently, cloud computing technologies are becoming increasingly popular. The advantages of this technology are obvious: economy, speed, elasticity, versatility of access. In the future, their use will create a powerful information and telecommunications system, which will be a technological solution for the construction and development of new infrastructure in the country. The world’s largest IT vendors (Microsoft, Amazon, Google and others) somehow implement cloud computing services, providing a wide range of opportunities for users. Thus, cloud computing is software and hardware that is available to the user via the Internet (or local network) in the form of a service that allows you to use a user-friendly web interface for remote access to dedicated resources (computing resources, programs and data). Thus, cloud computing is the next stage of information development of mankind.

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