scholarly journals Flood Mitigation in the Transboundary Chenab River Basin: A Basin-Wise Approach from Flood Forecasting to Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3916
Author(s):  
Sikandar Ali ◽  
Muhammad Jehanzeb Masud Cheema ◽  
Muhammad Mohsin Waqas ◽  
Muhammad Waseem ◽  
Megersa Kebede Leta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
Flood Mitigation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
The World ◽  
Chenab River ◽  
Inundation Modeling

Rapid and reliable flood information is crucial for minimizing post-event catastrophes in the complex river basins of the world. The Chenab River basin is one of the complex river basins of the world, facing adverse hydrometeorological conditions with unpredictable hydrologic response. Resultantly, many vicinities along the river undergo destructive inundation, resulting in huge life and economic losses. In this study, Hydrologic Engineering Centre–Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) and HEC–River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) models were used for flood forecasting and inundation modeling of the Chenab River basin. The HEC-HMS model was used for peak flow simulation of 2014 flood event using Global Precipitation Mission (GMP) Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals-Final (IMERG-F), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission_Real Time (TRMM_3B42RT), and Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation_Near Real Time (GSMaP_NRT) precipitation products. The calibration and validation of the HEC-RAS model were carried out for flood events of 1992 and 2014, respectively. The comparison of observed and simulated flow at the outlet indicated that IMERG-F has good peak flow simulation results. The simulated inundation extent revealed an overall accuracy of more than 90% when compared with satellite imagery. The HEC-RAS model performed well at Manning’s n of 0.06 for the river and the floodplain. From the results, it can be concluded that remote sensing integrated with HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS models could be one of the workable solutions for flood forecasting, inundation modeling, and early warning. The concept of integrated flood management (IFM) has also been translated into practical implementation for joint Indo-Pak management for flood mitigation in the transboundary Chenab River basin.

scholarly journals Flood Forecasting in Large River Basins Using FOSS Tool and HPC

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3484
Author(s):  
Upasana Dutta ◽  
Yogesh Kumar Singh ◽  
T. S. Murugesh Prabhu ◽  
Girishchandra Yendargaye ◽  
Rohini Gopinath Kale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Flood Prediction ◽  
Mahanadi River

The Indian subcontinent is annually affected by floods that cause profound irreversible damage to crops and livelihoods. With increased incidences of floods and their related catastrophes, the design, development, and deployment of an Early Warning System for Flood Prediction (EWS-FP) for the river basins of India is needed, along with timely dissemination of flood-related information for mitigation of disaster impacts. Accurately drafted and disseminated early warnings/advisories may significantly reduce economic losses incurred due to floods. This study describes the design and development of an EWS-FP using advanced computational tools/methods, viz. HPC, remote sensing, GIS technologies, and open-source tools for the Mahanadi River Basin of India. The flood prediction is based on a robust 2D hydrodynamic model, which solves shallow water equations using the finite volume method. The model is open-source, supports geographic file formats, and is capable of simulating rainfall run-off, river routing, and tidal forcing, simultaneously. The model was tested for a part of the Mahanadi River Basin (Mahanadi Delta, 9225 sq km) with actual and predicted discharge, rainfall, and tide data. The simulated flood inundation spread and stage were compared with SAR data and CWC Observed Gauge data, respectively. The system shows good accuracy and better lead time suitable for flood forecasting in near-real-time.

Impact of Development on the Panama Canal Environment

1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Heckadon Moreno
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Panama Canal ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Panama City ◽  
The World

The historical Chagres River Basin, which serves as the basin for the Panama Canal, extends some 3,260 kilometers in length and is not only the most important river basin in Panama but also one of the most strategic river basins in the world. Its two major lakes — Gatún and Alhajuela — function as reservoirs for the water needed to operate the inter-oceanic canal as well as to supply the water requirements of both Panamá City and Colón, urban concentrations that contain more than half the country's population.Gatún Lake was created in 1913, when the Chagres River was closed off at its Atlantic outlet, while the Alhajuela was created in 1934 by damming up the Madden River in the high, mountainous part of the country.

scholarly journals Application of HEC-HMS Model for Flow Simulation for Dungun River Basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy Herman Sharu
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Simulation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Routing Methods

Abstract: The uncertainty in the weather will cause droughts and extreme floods. It can affect agriculture, natural resources, ecosystems, and losses. To overcome water-related problems resulting from climate change and careful care should be given to operations management, reservoirs and water catchment. The purpose of this study is to develop a rainfall runoff model and to assess the runoff potential for the catchment and to calibrate and validate the model and using the calibrated values for future hydrological research. The Hydrological Modelling System (HEC-HMS) was used for the river basin of Sungai Dungun (1463.34 km2), Terengganu. To compute infiltration, transform, and flow routing, methods like Initial and Constant, Clark Unit hydrograph and lag routing were chosen, respectively. The rainfall data for this study were obtained from the Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia (DID), covering from year 2007 to 2018. There are three rainfall gauging stations and one stream flow data stations in the study area. Rainfall-runoff simulation had been conducted using different data set for calibration and validation. Preliminary data shows that there is a clear difference between the observed and simulated peak flows. Model calibration with optimization methods and sensitivity analysis was performed to obtain the optimal parameters for this catchment. The values of the parameters obtained from the calibration show a reasonable difference in peak flow. Model validation using optimized parameter values showed reasonable difference in peak flow. Generally the results of the study showed a good simulation between observed and estimated value with NSE = 0.85, R2 = 0.86, Relative Error Peak = -4.14% and Relative Error Volume = -22.5%

scholarly journals Flood forecasting in large karst river basin by coupling PERSIANN CCS QPEs with a physically based distributed hydrological model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Li ◽  
Daoxian Yuan ◽  
Jiao Liu ◽  
Yongjun Jiang ◽  
Yangbo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Model ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Time Error ◽  
Flood Simulation ◽  
Karst River

Abstract. There is no long-term meteorological or hydrological data in karst river basins to a large extent. Especially lack of typical rainfall data is a great challenge to build a hydrological model. Quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) based on the weather satellites could offer a good attempt to obtain the rainfall data in karst area. What's more, coupling QPEs with a distributed hydrological model has the potential to improve the precision for flood forecasting in large karst watershed. Precipitation estimation from remotely sensed information using artificial neural networks-cloud classification system (PERSIANN-CCS) as a technology of QPEs based on satellites has been achieved a wide research results in the world. However, only few studies on PERSIANN-CCS QPEs are in large karst basins and the accuracy is always poor in practical application. In this study, the PERSIANN-CCS QPEs is employed to estimate the hourly precipitation in such a large river basin-Liujiang karst river basin with an area of 58 270 km2. The result shows that, compared with the observed precipitation by rain gauge, the distribution of precipitation by PERSIANN-CCS QPEs has a great similarity. But the quantity values of precipitation by PERSIANN-CCS QPEs are smaller. A post-processed method is proposed to revise the PERSIANN-CCS QPEs products. The result shows that coupling the post-processed PERSIANN-CCS QPEs with a distributed hydrological model-Liuxihe model has a better performance than the result with the initial PERSIANN-CCS QPEs in karst flood simulation. What's more, the coupling model’s performance improves largely with parameter re-optimized with the post-processed PERSIANN-CCS QPEs. The average values of the six evaluation indices including Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient has a 14 % increase, the correlation coefficient has a 14 % increase, process relative error has a 8 % decrease, peak flow relative error has a 18 % decrease, the water balance coefficient has a 7 % increase, and peak flow time error has 25 hours decrease, respectively. Among them, the peak flow relative error and peak flow time error have the biggest improvement, which are the greatest concerned factors in flood forecasting.The rational flood simulation results by the coupling model provide a great practical application prospect for flood forecasting in large karst river basins.

Managing fish, flood plains and food security in the Lower Mekong Basin

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Mekong River Basin ◽  
Flood Plains ◽  
Mekong Basin ◽  
The World ◽  
Lower Mekong Basin

The “Lower Mekong Basin” in this paper refers to the part of the Mekong River Basin which is shared by Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Viet Nam, all members of the Mekong River Commission, consisting of approx. 2,400 km of mainstream river, numerous tributaries and huge flood plains. Few river basins produce as much fish as the Mekong River Basin, and the fishery in the Lower Mekong Basin is among the biggest and most productive inland fisheries in the world. The flood plains of the Lower Mekong produce some four times as much fish per square kilometre as the North Sea, which is among the most productive marine areas in the world. It is quite clear that the fisheries in the Mekong Basin are very important for the population in respect to their food security and income. Its importance in nutrition is highest in the rural areas, where there are few other low cost sources of protein, and even in highland areas fish is of crucial importance in the diet. Most fish species in the Mekong Basin are migratory, and the economically most important ones are certainly so. However, with economic development gaining speed, the impact on migratory patterns and the competition for the water resources are becoming stronger. The water resources offer a large number of opportunities, and a lot of economic activities need access to the water resources for their development. However, what is seen in one sector as an opportunity may be considered as a threat in another, and a careful balance is necessary in order not to lose opportunities in important sectors. The fate of a large number of river basins in the world is frightening. Most have been left biologically near dead, with some of the big rivers reduced for a time, or forever, to be used as waste water canals for the new industries, and others almost dried out from excessive water extraction before they reach the sea.

Development of a flood forecasting system using IFAS: a case study of scarcely gauged Jhelum and Chenab river basins

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aamir Shahzad ◽  
Hamza Farooq Gabriel ◽  
Sajjad Haider ◽  
Ammara Mubeen ◽  
Muhammad Junaid Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
River Basins ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Chenab River

scholarly journals A Remote Sensing Contribution to Flood Modelling in an Inaccessible Mountainous River Basin

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alamgeer Hussain ◽  
Jay Sagin ◽  
Kwok P. Chun
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Flood Mitigation ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Flood Modelling ◽  
The World

Flash flooding, a hazard which is triggered by heavy rainfall is a major concern in many regions of the world often with devastating results in mountainous elevated regions. We adapted remote sensing modelling methods to analyse one flood in July 2015, and believe the process can be applicable to other regions in the world. The isolated thunderstorm rainfall occurred in the Chitral River Basin (CRB), which is fed by melting glaciers and snow from the highly elevated Hindu Kush Mountains (Tirick Mir peak’s elevation is 7708 m). The devastating cascade, or domino effect, resulted in a flash flood which destroyed many houses, roads, and bridges and washed out agricultural land. CRB had experienced devastating flood events in the past, but there was no hydraulic modelling and mapping zones available for the entire CRB region. That is why modelling analyses and predictions are important for disaster mitigation activities. For this flash flood event, we developed an integrated methodology for a regional scale flood model that integrates the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite, Geographic Information System (GIS), hydrological (HEC-HMS) and hydraulic (HEC-RAS) modelling tools. We collected and use driver discharge and flood depth observation data for five river sub-stream areas, which were acquired in cooperation with the Aga Khan Rural Support Program (AKRSP) organization. This data was used for the model’s calibration and verification. This modelling methodology is applicable for other regional studies especially for rough mountainous areas which lack local observations and river discharge gauges. The results of flood modelling are useful for the development of a regional early flood warning system and flood mitigation in hazardous flood risk areas. The flood simulations and prepared connected video visualization can be used for local communities. This approach is applicable for flood mitigation strategies in other regions.

scholarly journals Peak river flows in cold regions – Drivers and modelling using GRACE satellite observations and temperature data

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shusen Wang ◽  
Fuqun Zhou ◽  
Hazen A. J. Russell ◽  
Ran Huang ◽  
Yanjun Shen
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Cold Region ◽  
Grace Satellite ◽  
Hydrometric Station ◽  
Mackenzie River

Abstract. The peak river flow for the Mackenzie River is modelled using GRACE satellite observations and temperature data, which advances the applications of space-based time-variable gravity measurements in cold region flood forecasting. The model estimates peak river flow by simulating peak surface runoff from snowmelt and the corresponding baseflow. The modelled results compared fairly well with the observed values at a downstream hydrometric station. The results also revealed an average 22-day travel time for the snowmelt water to reach the hydrometric station. The major driver for determining the peak flow was found to be the temperature variations. Compared with the Red River basin, the results showed that the Mackenzie River basin has relatively high water storage and water discharge capability, and low snowmelt efficiency per unit temperature. The study also provides a GRACE-based approach for basin-scale snowfall estimation, which is independent of in situ measurements and largely eliminates the limitations and uncertainties with traditional approaches. The model is relatively simple and only needs GRACE and temperature observations for peak flow or flood forecasting. The model can be readily applied to other cold region basins, and could be particularly useful for regions with minimal data.

Identification of sibling species in the genus Eucyclops from water-bodies of Ukraine and Russia using crossbreeding studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Monchenko ◽  
L. P. Gaponova ◽  
V. R. Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Basin Water ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Baltic Sea Basin

Crossbreeding experiments were used to estimate cryptic species in water bodies of Ukraine and Russia because the most useful criterion in species independence is reproductive isolation. The problem of cryptic species in the genus Eucyclops was examined using interpopulation crosses of populations collected from Baltic Sea basin (pond of Strelka river basin) and Black Sea basin (water-reservoires of Dnieper, Dniester and Danube rivers basins). The results of reciprocal crosses in Eucyclops serrulatus-group are shown that E. serrulatus from different populations but from water bodies belonging to the same river basin crossed each others successfully. The interpopulation crosses of E. serrulatus populations collected from different river basins (Dnipro, Danube and Dniester river basins) were sterile. In this group of experiments we assigned evidence of sterility to four categories: 1) incomplete copulation or absence of copulation; 2) nonviable eggs; 3) absence of egg membranes or egg sacs 4) empty egg membranes. These crossbreeding studies suggest the presence of cryptic species in the E. serrulatus inhabiting ecologically different populations in many parts of its range. The same crossbreeding experiments were carries out between Eucyclops serrulatus and morphological similar species – Eucyclops macruroides from Baltic and Black Sea basins. The reciprocal crossings between these two species were sterile. Thus taxonomic heterogeneity among species of genus Eucyclops lower in E. macruroides than in E. serrulatus. The interpopulation crosses of E. macruroides populations collected from distant part of range were fertile. These crossbreeding studies suggest that E. macruroides species complex was evaluated as more stable than E. serrulatus species complex.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document