scholarly journals Validation of COSMIC-2-Derived Ionospheric Peak Parameters Using Measurements of Ionosondes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4238
Author(s):  
Shuangshuang Shi ◽  
Wang Li ◽  
Kefei Zhang ◽  
Suqin Wu ◽  
Jiaqi Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Storm ◽  
Geomagnetic Latitude ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Equatorial Ionization Anomaly ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluations ◽  
Storm Condition ◽  
Santa Maria

Although numerous validations for the ionospheric peak parameters values (IPPVs) obtained from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) have been conducted using ionosonde measurements as a reference, comprehensive evaluations of the quality of the COSMIC-2 data are still undesirable, especially under geomagnetic storm conditions. In this study, the IPPVs measured by ionosondes (Ramey, Boa Vista, Sao Luis, Jicamarca, Cachoeira Paulista, and Santa Maria) during the period October 1, 2019 to August 31, 2021, are used to evaluate the quality of COSMIC-2 data over low-latitude regions of the Americas. The results show that the NmF2 (hmF2) from COSMIC-2 agrees well with the ionosonde measurements, and the correlation coefficients for the two sets of data at the above six stations are 0.93 (0.84), 0.91 (0.85), 0.91 (0.88), 0.88 (0.79), 0.96 (0.83), and 0.96 (0.87), respectively. The data quality of COSMIC-2 derived NmF2 is largely dependent on geomagnetic latitude. It was also found that NmF2 derived from COSMIC-2 tends to be underestimated over the stations in Boa Vista and Cachoeira Paulista, which are close to the crests of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), whilst that of the other stations is slightly overestimated. A comparison between COSMIC-measured and ionosonde-derived hmF2 indicates that the former is systematically higher than the latter. In addition, the differences in the two NmF2 datasets derived from COSMIC-2 and ionosonde measurements at night are generally smaller than those of daytime, when the EIA is well developed, and vice versa for hmF2, whose RMSE is slightly smaller during daytime (with the exception of Ramey). Furthermore, NmF2 obtained from COSMIC-2 is shown to perform best in summer at Ramey, Boa Vista, Sao Luis, and Santa Maria, best in winter at Jicamarca and Cachoeira Paulista. Finally, the COSMIC-2 electron densities capture the ionospheric dynamic enhancements under a moderate geomagnetic storm condition very well.

scholarly journals Magnetic storm-induced enhancement in neutral composition at low latitudes as inferred by O(<sup>1</sup>D) dayglow measurements from Chile

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 3241-3250 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pallamraju ◽  
S. Chakrabarti ◽  
C. E. Valladares
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Wave ◽  
Magnetic Storm ◽  
Geomagnetic Storm ◽  
Local Time ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Spatial Structures ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Equatorial Ionization Anomaly ◽  
Low Latitudes ◽  
Spread F

Abstract. We describe the effect of the 6 November 2001 magnetic storm on the low latitude thermospheric composition. Daytime red line (OI 630.0nm) emissions from Carmen Alto, Chile showed anomalous 2-3 times larger emissions in the morning (05:30-08:30 Local Time; LT) on the disturbed day compared to the quiet days. We interpret these emission enhancements to be caused due to the increase in neutral densities over low latitudes, as a direct effect of the geomagnetic storm. As an aftereffect of the geomagnetic storm, the dayglow emissions on the following day show gravity wave features that gradually increase in periodicities from around 30min in the morning to around 100min by the evening. The integrated dayglow emissions on quiet days show day-to-day variabilities in spatial structures in terms of their movement away from the magnetic equator in response to the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) development in the daytime. The EIA signatures in the daytime OI 630.0nm column-integrated dayglow emission brightness show different behavior on days with and without the post-sunset Equatorial Spread F (ESF) occurrence.

VARIETAL DIFFERENCES IN BARLEYS AND MALTS: XIV. INTERVARIETAL RELATIONS BETWEEN WORT PROPERTIES AND BARLEY AND MALT PROPERTIES

1945 ◽  
Vol 23f (2) ◽  
pp. 132-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. O. S. Meredith ◽  
H. R. Sallans
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Malting Loss

Data representing 24 barley varieties grown at six experimental stations in Canada were used to examine intervarietal relations among wort properties (degree of attenuation, viscosity, initial turbidity, final turbidity, and stability) and a number of barley, malting, and malt properties.The wort properties show significant associations with malt extract, saccharifying activity (Lintner value), and wort nitrogen, and also with barley salt-soluble nitrogen, hours steep, and malting loss, but they are not significantly related to barley starch, extract, or Lintner value after activation with papain. Degree of attenuation and stability increase, while viscosity and turbidity decrease, with increases in malt extract, saccharifying activity, wort nitrogen, barley salt-soluble nitrogen, and malting loss. It is concluded that the wort qualities are dependent on the development of enzymes in the growing barley and hence they reflect the extent of malt modification.Only one of the correlation coefficients is of such magnitude that a single malt property can be regarded as a measure of a wort property. This is the coefficient (r =.842) between wort nitrogen and wort viscosity. The other associations discussed, though significant, are loose, and it is concluded that wort properties cannot be adequately predicted from the commonly measured barley and malt properties.It is suggested that the results of quality tests on laboratory worts give information of value in assessing the quality of brewery worts.

Gustatory neural coding in the monkey cortex: mixtures

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 2369-2379 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Plata-Salaman ◽  
V. L. Smith-Swintosky ◽  
T. R. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Neural Coding ◽  
Cynomolgus Macaque ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constant Intensity ◽  
Mixture Suppression ◽  
Basic Stimulus ◽  
The Impact

1. Psychophysicists have shown that the intensity and quality of a taste stimulus, as perceived by humans, is modified by including that stimulus in a mixture. Gustatory neurons in the primary taste cortex (anterior insula and frontal operculum) of the cynomolgus macaque are involved with the coding of stimulus intensity and quality, and so should reflect the impact of these stimulus interactions. 2. We recorded the activity of 48 neurons in primary taste cortex in response to the oral application of each of the four basic stimuli, their six possible dyads, the four triads, and the tetrad of all four. Stimuli were maintained at a constant intensity in all mixtures by increasing their concentrations as the number of components rose. 3. Glucose was the most effective basic stimulus, followed by quinine HCl, NaCl, and HCl. The mean response to dyads was suppressed by 50% from the sum of responses to the two unmixed components. The response to triads was 62% lower than the sum of responses to their three components, and activity evoked by the tetrad was suppressed by 74% from the sum of all four individual responses. Therefore there was nearly total suppression in the sense that the responses to the mixtures were approximately 1/2, 1/3, and 1/4 the sums of responses to two, three, and four components, respectively. 4. Neurons could be divided into four subtypes: those that responded best to each of the basic stimuli. All subtypes except HCl cells were about equally suppressed when their preferred stimulus was included in a mixture. HCl was a particularly ineffective stimulus, such that this subtype responded poorly and so was less susceptible to mixture suppression. 5. Taste quality, as indexed by correlation coefficients among profiles of activity, was quite predictable for dyads. If the mixture included HCl, the profile it generated correlated poorly (about +0.20) with that of HCl and rather well (about +0.60) with that of the other component. If HCl was not included, the mixture's profile correlated about +0.40 with that of each component. 6. The profile generated by the mixture of three stimuli was predictable only if one of the components was HCl. In that case, the triad elicited a profile midway between those of the other two components, i.e., the contribution of HCl was largely ignored. When HCl was not involved, or when all four basic stimuli were combined, the resulting profiles were poorly correlated with those of all basic stimuli. 7. The contribution made by each basic taste to human perception and to the macaque's neurophysiological response was compared for all mixtures. The contribution was often quite similar for human and macaque, but when differences occurred, they were typically due to lower activity from HCl cells in the macaque, a loss that was replaced mainly by larger responses from glucose neurons. 8. The magnitude of responses to mixtures in the macaque taste cortex matches well with expectations from human psychophysical studies. The presumed quality of the response to mixtures is also similar, except that HCl is less effective in monkeys and sugars more so.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

PENERAPAN iLEARNING SURVEY (iSur) DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS SISTEM INFORMASI SELAMA PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DI PERGURUAN TINGGI RAHARJA

CCIT Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-354
Author(s):  
Untung Rahardja ◽  
Muhamad Yusup ◽  
Ana Nurmaliana
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Faculty Performance ◽  
Satisfaction Measurement ◽  
Valid Information

The accuracy and reliability is the quality of the information. The more accurate and reliable, the more information it’s good quality. Similarly, a survey, the better the survey, the more accurate the information provided. Implementation of student satisfaction measurement to the process of teaching and learning activities on the quality of the implementation of important lectures in order to get feedback on the assessed variables and for future repair. Likewise in Higher Education Prog has undertaken the process of measuring student satisfaction through a distributed questioner finally disemester each class lecture. However, the deployment process questioner is identified there are 7 (seven) problems. However, the problem can be resolved by the 3 (three) ways of solving problems one of which is a system of iLearning Survey (Isur), that is by providing an online survey to students that can be accessed anywhere and anytime. In the implementation shown a prototype of Isur itself. It can be concluded that the contribution Isur system can maximize the decision taken by the Higher Education Prog. By using this Isur system with questions and evaluation forms are submitted and given to the students and the other colleges. To assess the extent to which the campus has grown and how faculty performance in teaching students class, and can be used as a media Isur valid information for an assessment of activities throughout college.

PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK DAN RELIGIUSITAS TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN NASABAH PRODUK SIMPANAN PADA BSM CABANG PURWOKERTO

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-215
Author(s):  
Yoiz Shofwa Shafrani
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Islamic Bank

Perkembangan dunia perbankan syariah tidak lepas dari peran para nasabah yang memberikan kepercayaan terhadap pihak perbankan untuk penyimpanan asset keuangannya. Faktanya banyak kelompok nasabah yang memutuskan untuk menjadi nasabah di perbankan syariah karena faktor religiusitasnya. Faktor lain yang dapat ikut mempengaruhi keputusan nasabah adalah kualitas produk. Di mana kualitas produk merupakan karakteristik yang melekat dari suatu produk. Kemungkinan yang terjadi bahwa kebanyakan nasabah pada perbankan syariah juga masih merupakan nasabah perbankan konvensional.Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas produk dan tingkat religiusitas nasabah terhadap keputusan nasabah untuk menyimpan dananya atau tidak di BSM Cabang Purwokerto. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda, dengan jumlah sampel 100 nasabah. Diperoleh hasil Y = 5,046 + 0,101X1 + 0,218X2. Berdasarkan uji F yang sudah dilakukan maka dapat diketahui bahwa variabel kualitas produk dan religiusitas secara bersama – sama berpengaruh terhadap keputusan nasabah untuk menyimpan dananya di BSM Cabang Purwokerto. Berdasarkan uji t yang sudah dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa secara partial baik variabel kualitas produk maupun variabel religiusitas berpengaruh terhadap keputusan nasabah untuk menyimpan dananya di BSM Cabang Purwokerto. The progress of the Islamic bank cannot be separated from the role of its customers who give trust to the bank to deposit their financial assets. It is a fact many groups of customers decide to be the customers of the Islamic bank because of their religiosity. The other influences factor of a customer’s decision is the quality of the product. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of product quality and level of customers’ religiosity towards customers’ decision whether to keep their funds in Syariah Mandiri Bank, Branch of Purwokerto, or not. The analytical tool used was multiple linear regression analysis, with a sample of 100 customers. The results indicate Y = 5,046 + 0,101X1 + 0,218X2. Based on F, it can be seen that both variables of product quality and religiosity simultanously affect the customers’ decision to keep theirfunds in BSM Branch of Purwokerto. Based on t test, it can be seen that independently, either variable of product quality or variables of religiosityinfluences the customers’ decision to keep their funds in BSM Branch of Purwokerto.

CREATING WALKING LED TRANSIT STATIONS FOR WOMEN IN MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Yong Adilah Shamsul Harumain ◽  
Nur Farhana Azmi ◽  
Suhaini Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Female User

Transit stations are generally well known as nodes of spaces where percentage of people walking are relatively high. The issue is do more planning is actually given to create walkability. Creating walking led transit stations involves planning of walking distance, providing facilities like pathways, toilets, seating and lighting. On the other hand, creating walking led transit station for women uncover a new epitome. Walking becomes one of the most important forms of mobility for women in developing countries nowadays. Encouraging women to use public transportation is not just about another effort to promote the use of public transportation but also another great endeavour to reduce numbers of traffic on the road. This also means, creating an effort to control accidents rate, reducing carbon emission, improving health and eventually, developing the quality of life. Hence, in this paper, we sought first to find out the factors that motivate women to walk at transit stations in Malaysia. A questionnaire survey with 562 female user of Light Railway Transit (LRT) was conducted at LRT stations along Kelana Jaya Line. Both built and non-built environment characteristics, particularly distance, safety and facilities were found as factors that are consistently associated with women walkability. With these findings, the paper highlights the criteria  which are needed to create and make betterment of transit stations not just for women but also for walkability in general.

Pre-Processing of Hyperspectral Images Using Nonlinear Filters

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
V. Behar ◽  
V. Bogdanova
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Hyperspectral Images ◽  
Spectral Correlation ◽  
Edge Preserving ◽  
Improvement Factor ◽  
Filter Output ◽  
Average Improvement ◽  
Processing Procedure

Abstract In this paper the use of a set of nonlinear edge-preserving filters is proposed as a pre-processing stage with the purpose to improve the quality of hyperspectral images before object detection. The capability of each nonlinear filter to improve images, corrupted by spatially and spectrally correlated Gaussian noise, is evaluated in terms of the average Improvement factor in the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (IPSNR), estimated at the filter output. The simulation results demonstrate that this pre-processing procedure is efficient only in case the spatial and spectral correlation coefficients of noise do not exceed the value of 0.6

Piemonte. Tra stasi e sperimentazioni, un quadro chiaroscurale / Piedmont. Between stasis and experimentations, a «chiaroscuro» framework

ARCHALP ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
Antonio De Rossi ◽  
Roberto Dini
Keyword(s):  
Physical Space ◽  
The Other ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Architectural Production ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Contemporary Situation

The contemporary architectural production in the Alps of Piedmont has to be studied taking into consideration the contrasting phenomena of depopulation and tourism that have involved the mountain areas of the region during last century. In the fifties and sixties the percentage of abandonment of the high valleys reaches even 80-90%. Entire communities move to industrial urban centers in the cities on the plain. On the other side we witness to a strong polarization of the winter stations that become real “banlieues blanches” for the free time of the citizens and where the architecture of alpine modernism, with various forms, shapes. The paradox nowadays is that the rarefaction of abandoned and depopulated territories is necessary to force to start and choose new innovative paths. We witness a contemporary situation with different shades: on one side the well-established touristic territories that need projects to promote the redevelopment and diversification, on the other side the marginal places where are rising new visions are practices of reactivation of the territory in which architecture is fundamental. The topic of quality of the construction of the physical space intersects with the regeneration of places on a cultural basis, new agriculture and green economy, innovative development of the patrimony, sustainable tourism, with inclusive and participative paths of nature, by giving new meanings to places and building new economies and identities.

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