scholarly journals In-Vehicle Situation Monitoring for Potential Threats Detection Based on Smartphone Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5049
Author(s):  
Alexey Kashevnik ◽  
Andrew Ponomarev ◽  
Nikolay Shilov ◽  
Andrey Chechulin
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Cabin ◽  
Accident Probability ◽  
Smartphone Sensors ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
On The Road

This paper presents an analysis of modern research related to potential threats in a vehicle cabin, which is based on situation monitoring during vehicle control and the interaction of the driver with intelligent transportation systems (ITS). In the modern world, such systems enable the detection of potentially dangerous situations on the road, reducing accident probability. However, at the same time, such systems increase vulnerabilities in vehicles and can be sources of different threats. In this paper, we consider the primary information flows between the driver, vehicle, and infrastructure in modern ITS, and identify possible threats related to these entities. We define threat classes related to vehicle control and discuss which of them can be detected by smartphone sensors. We present a case study that supports our findings and shows the main use cases for threat identification using smartphone sensors: Drowsiness, distraction, unfastened belt, eating, drinking, and smartphone use.

scholarly journals REDUCING THE TIME TO GET EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE FOR ACCIDENT VEHICLES ON THE ROAD THROUGH AN INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W18 ◽  
pp. 827-832
Author(s):  
A. H. Nourbakhsh ◽  
M. R. Delavar ◽  
M. Jadidi ◽  
B. Moshiri
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Dijkstra Algorithm ◽  
Notification System ◽  
Smart Transportation ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Abstract. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is one of the main components of a smart city. ITS have several purposes including the increase of the safety and comfort of the passengers and the reduction of the road accidents. ITS can enhance safety in three modes before, within and after the collision by preventing accident via assistive system, sensing the collision situation and calculating the time of the collision and providing the emergency response in a timely manner. The main objective of this paper is related to the smart transportation services which can be provided at the time of the collision and after the accident. After the accident, it takes several minutes to hours for the person to contact the emergency department. If an accident takes place for a vehicle in a remote area, this time increases and that may cause the loss of life. In addition, determination of the exact location of the accident is difficult by the emergency centres. That leads to the possibility of erroneous responder act in dispatching the rescue team from the nearest hospital. A new assistive intelligent system is designed in this regard that includes both software and hardware units. Hardware unit is used as an On-Board Unit (OBU), which consists of GPS, GPRS and gyroscope modules. Once OBU detects the accident, a notification system designed and connected to OBU will sent an alarm to the server. The distance to the nearest emergency center is calculated using Dijkstra algorithm. Then the server sends a request for assistance to the nearest emergency centre. The proposed system is developed and tested at local laboratory conditions. The results show that this system can reduce Ambulance Arrival Time (AAT). The preliminary results and architecture of the system have been presented. The inclination angle determined by the proposed system along with the car position identified by the installed GPS sensor assists the crash/accident warning part of the system to send a help request to the nearest road emergency centre. These results verified that the probability of having a remote and smart car crash/accident decision support system using the proposed system has been improved compared to that of the existing systems.

scholarly journals Modeling of Situation Response Time in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network

MATICS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Raphael AKINYEDE
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
On The Road

<p class="Text"><strong>—<em> </em></strong>In Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs), wireless-equipped vehicles form a network spontaneously while traveling along the road. The direct wireless transmission from vehicle to vehicle makes it possible for them to communicate even where there is no telecommunication infrastructure; this emerging new technology provide ubiquitous connectivity to vehicular nodes while on the move, The main idea is to provide ubiquitous connectivity to vehicular nodes while on the move, and to create efficient vehicle-to-vehicle communications that enable the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). This is achieved by allowing nodes within certain ranges to connect with each other in order to exchange information. Since accident happens in split seconds, to avoid communication inefficiency, there is need for this information to get to the intended vehicle on time. To solve this problem, this work models each vehicle in a chain of others and how it responds to the traffic around it using Microscopic (also known as car-following) method for modeling traffic flow; driver- to-driver and driver-to-road interactions within a traffic stream and the interaction between a driver and another driver on road were considered. The essence of this modeling is to determine the minimum response time required for a vehicle in VANET to respond and communicate situations on the road. A simulated scenario was carried out for two vehicles, a leading vehicle and following vehicle. The result shows that with an average of 32 meters apart with average difference in velocity of   1.23m/s, a minimum of 0.9secs is required for efficient situation response communication to ensue between them.</p>

scholarly journals Type of communication between driver and car, based on the augmented reality: "new trend" in building intelligent transportation systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. Efremov
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
The Road ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Road Signs ◽  
On The Road

In order to increase safety while driving and to minimize the burden on the driver, the information should be transmitted to him/her in such a way that the driver needn’t spent time on its recognition and comprehension. Projecting and visualization of information on the windshield can help simplify the dialogue between a car and a driver ("operator") and expand the influence of intellectual transport system using projection information about traffic jams in the field of perception of the driver, so that it does not interfere with the driver on the road. This article discusses the possible advantages and disadvantages of using "hints", created within the framework of the "augmented reality" to increase driving safety by treating them as a new form of communication between a car and a driver. So, it seems to be a new approach to the utilization of the system, based on performances in the field of augmented reality to recognize road signs, which impose virtual objects on the field of perception in all types of traffic situations including the uncomfortable weather conditions. This approach can be used to increase accuracy of intellectual transport system with the augmented reality to support the driver in various driving situations, increasing comfort and reducing the number of accidents

scholarly journals Supervision and Law Enforcement on Intelligent Transportation Systems on the Highway

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Nur Kumala Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Smart Transportation ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
New Research

This research discusses the supervision and law enforcement on the transportation system, which will be applied to the smart transportation system. With this system, the police and local governments will be able to monitor the transportation system in a city, especially law enforcement on roads. The method used in this study is to use a literature review which is the basis for this research, by using a literature review it will be able to deepen a research, and be able to understand previous studies in order to create new research. The problem raised in this research is how to apply law enforcement on the highway to land transportation, both public vehicles and private vehicles that are on the highway every day, with strict law enforcement it will reduce crime on the road and can reduce accidents on the road Highway. This research will produce a proposed system, which can be used by the police and local governments in enforcing the law on public or private vehicles on the road.

scholarly journals Emergency Messages Dissemination Challenges Through Connected Vehicles for Efficient Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1304
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akram Akram Mujahid ◽  
Kamalrulnizam Bin Abu Bakar ◽  
Tasneem S.J Darwish ◽  
Fatima Zuhra ◽  
Muhammad Aamer Ejaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Relay Node ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Recent growth in transport and wireless communication technologies has aided the evolution of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The ITS is based on different types of transportation modes like road, rail, ocean and aviation. Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a technology that considers moving vehicles as nodes in a network to create a wireless communication network. VANET has emerged as a resourceful approach to enhance the road safety. Road safety has become a critical issue in recent years. Emergency incidents such as accidents, heavy traffic and road damages are the main causes of the inefficiency of the traffic flow. These occurrences do not only create the congestion on the road but also increase the fuel consumption and pollute the environment. Emergency messages notify the drivers about road accidents and congestions, and how to avoid the dangerous zones. This paper classifies the emergency messages schemes into three categories based on relay node, clustering and infrastructure. The capabilities and limitations of the emergency messages schemes are investigated in terms of dissemination process, message forward techniques, road awareness and performance metrics. Moreover, it highlights VANET-based challenges and open research problems to provide the solutions for a safer, more efficient and sustainable future ITS.

scholarly journals Analysis of ITMS System Impact Mechanism in Beijing Based on FD and Traffic Entropy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailing Huang ◽  
Wei Guan ◽  
Yimei Chang ◽  
Zhen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Fundamental Diagram ◽  
Impact Mechanism ◽  
Traffic System ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Although more attention has been attracted to benefit evaluation of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) deployment, how ITS impact the traffic system and make great effects is little considered. As a subsystem of ITS, in this paper, Intelligent Transportation Management System (ITMS) is studied with its impact mechanism on the road traffic system. Firstly, the correlative factors between ITMS and the road traffic system are presented and 3 positive feedback chains are defined. Secondly, we introduce the theory of Fundamental Diagram (FD) and traffic system entropy to demonstrate the correlative relationship between ITMS and feedback chains. The analyzed results show that ITMS, as a negative feedback factor, has damping functions on the coupling relationship of all 3 positive feedback chains. It indicates that with its deployment in Beijing, ITMS has impacted the improvement of efficiency and safety for the road traffic system. Finally, related benefits brought by ITMS are presented corresponding to the correlative factors, and effect standards are identified for evaluating ITMS comprehensive benefits.

scholarly journals The design and implementation of road condition warning system for drivers

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 985-994
Author(s):  
Mustafa Teke ◽  
Fecir Duran
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Intelligent transportation systems are advanced applications that inform vehicle drivers about road conditions. The main purpose of the intelligent transportation systems is to reduce either tangible or intangible loss for the drivers by ensuring the safety of passengers and vehicles. In this study, a system is designed and implemented using wireless sensor networks to inform vehicle drivers about the condition of the road surface. Icing has been chosen as the primary focus of the study since it is considered to be a big threat to road and driver’s safety. The temperature at 10 cm depth of the road, air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure and conductivity values are used as the input data for the prediction of icing on the road surface. The data were previously collected on Raspberry Pi which is a single-board computer and the data were read and processed instantly via k-nearest neighbor algorithm. Using these collected data, the road surface condition is classified as icy, dry, wet or salty-wet. The analyzed results for the road surface condition are presented to the drivers via a mobile application in real time. The drivers are alerted visually and audibly as they approach the coordinates on the road where risky conditions are present.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT VISUAL STRATEGIES OF ‘ISOLATED VEHICLE’ AND ‘DISTURBED VEHICLE’

Transport ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-860
Author(s):  
Nicola BONGIORNO ◽  
Gaetano BOSURGI ◽  
Orazio PELLEGRINO ◽  
Giuseppe SOLLAZZO
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Disturbed Condition ◽  
The Road ◽  
Driving Behaviour ◽  
Visual Behaviour ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Road Characteristics

This paper analyses the driver’ visual behaviour in the different conditions of ‘isolated vehicle’ and ‘disturbed vehicle’. If the meaning of the former is clear, the latter condition considers the influence on the driving behaviour of various objects that could be encountered along the road. These can be classified in static (signage, stationary vehicles at the roadside, etc.) and dynamic objects (cars, motorcycles, bicycles). The aim of this paper is to propose a proper analysis regarding the driver’s visual behaviour. In particular, the authors examined the quality of the visually informa-tion acquired from the entire road environment, useful for detecting any critical safety condition. In order to guaran-tee a deep examination of the various possible behaviours, the authors combined the several test outcomes with other variables related to the road geometry and with the dynamic variables involved while driving. The results of this study are very interesting. As expected, they obviously confirmed better performances for the ‘isolated vehicle’ in a rural two-lane road with different traffic flows. Moreover, analysing the various scenarios in the disturbed condition, the proposed indices allow the authors to quantitatively describe the different influence on the visual field and effects on the visual behaviour, favouring critical analysis of the road characteristics. Potential applications of these results may contribute to improve the choice of the best maintenance strategies for a road, to select the optimal signage location, to define forecasting models for the driving behaviour and to develop useful instruments for intelligent transportation systems.

scholarly journals Behavioral Changes to Repeated Takeovers in Highly Automated Driving: Effects of the Takeover-Request Design and the Nondriving-Related Task Modality

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne Roche ◽  
Anna Somieski ◽  
Stefan Brandenburg
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
The Road ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Task Modality ◽  
Highly Automated Driving

Objective: We investigated drivers’ behavior and subjective experience when repeatedly taking over their vehicles’ control depending on the design of the takeover request (TOR) and the modality of the nondriving-related task (NDRT). Background: Previous research has shown that taking over vehicle control after highly automated driving provides several problems for drivers. There is evidence that the TOR design and the NDRT modality may influence takeover behavior and that driver behavior changes with more experience. Method: Forty participants were requested to resume control of their simulated vehicle six times. The TOR design (auditory or visual-auditory) and the NDRT modality (auditory or visual) were varied. Drivers’ takeover behavior, gaze patterns, and subjective workload were recorded and analyzed. Results: Results suggest that drivers change their behavior to the repeated experience of takeover situations. An auditory TOR leads to safer takeover behavior than a visual-auditory TOR. And with an auditory TOR, the takeover behavior improves with experience. Engaging in the visually demanding NDRT leads to fewer gazes on the road than the auditory NDRT. Participants’ fixation duration on the road decreased over the three takeovers with the visually demanding NDRT. Conclusions: The results imply that (a) drivers change their behavior to repeated takeovers, (b) auditory TOR designs might be preferable over visual-auditory TOR designs, and (c) auditory demanding NDRTs allow drivers to focus more on the driving scene. Application: The results of the present study can be used to design TORs and determine allowed NDRTs in highly automated driving.

scholarly journals Privacy Preserving Data Transmission in Malicious Vehicular Adhoc Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 5757-5761
Author(s):  
Mrs.R.M.Rajeshwari Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Privacy Preservation ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Legitimate User ◽  
On The Road

Vehicle Adhoc Network is deployed on the road, where vehicles constitute mobile nodes in which active security and intelligent transportation are important applications of VANET. VANETs are a key part of the intelligent transportation systems (ITS) framework. Sometimes, VANETs are referred as Intelligent Transportation Networks. However, authentication and privacy of users are still two vital issues in VANETs.  In the traditional mode, the transactional data storage provides no distributed and decentralized security, so that the third party initiates the dishonest behaviors possibly. VANET has  temporary participants , communication between vehicles are short-lived messages. Possible situation might happens , adversary may play as an legitimate user and able to perform malicious activity .To address these challenges this paper proposes timestamp based message between users to  perform secure data transmission and give the negligible probability of the attacker. With the help of Certificate Authority (CA) and the RoadSide Units (RSUs), our proposal attains the confidentiality and  trace the identity of the unauthenticated vehicle in the anonymous announcements as well. Finally, through the theoretical analysis and simulations, our scheme is able to implement a secure VANET framework with accountability and privacy preservation

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