scholarly journals A New Method for Gaining the Control of Standalone Underwater Sensor Nodes Based on Power Supply Sensing

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4660
Author(s):  
Daniel García Rodríguez ◽  
Juan A. Montiel-Nelson ◽  
Tomás Bautista ◽  
Javier Sosa
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Low Power Design ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
New Method ◽  
Underwater Sensor Networks ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Better Than

In this paper, a new method for gaining the control of standalone underwater sensor nodes based on sensing the power supply evolution is presented. Underwater sensor networks are designed to support multiple extreme scenarios such as network disconnections. In those cases, the sensor nodes involved should go into standalone, and its wired and wireless communications should be disabled. This paper presents how to exit from the standalone status and enter into debugging mode following a practical ultra-low power design methodology. In addition, the discharge and regeneration effects are analyzed and modeled to minimize the error using the sensor node self measurements. Once the method is presented, its implementation details are discussed including other solutions like wake up wireless modules or a pin interruption solution. Its advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The method proposed is evaluated with several simulations and laboratory experiments using a real aquaculture sensor node. Finally, all the results obtained demonstrate the usefulness of our new method to gain the control of a standalone sensor node. The proposal is better than other approaches when the hibernation time is longer than 167.45 μs. Finally, our approach requires two orders of magnitude less energy than the best practical solution.

scholarly journals Bayesian Compressive Sensing Based Optimized Node Selection Scheme in Underwater Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruisong Wang ◽  
Gongliang Liu ◽  
Wenjing Kang ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Ruofei Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Compressed Sensing ◽  
Bayesian Estimation ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Underwater Sensor Networks ◽  
Node Selection ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Error Covariance

Information acquisition in underwater sensor networks is usually limited by energy and bandwidth. Fortunately, the received signal can be represented sparsely on some basis. Therefore, a compressed sensing method can be used to collect the information by selecting a subset of the total sensor nodes. The conventional compressed sensing scheme is to select some sensor nodes randomly. The network lifetime and the correlation of sensor nodes are not considered. Therefore, it is significant to adjust the sensor node selection scheme according to these factors for the superior performance. In this paper, an optimized sensor node selection scheme is given based on Bayesian estimation theory. The advantage of Bayesian estimation is to give the closed-form expression of posterior density function and error covariance matrix. The proposed optimization problem first aims at minimizing the mean square error (MSE) of Bayesian estimation based on a given error covariance matrix. Then, the non-convex optimization problem is transformed as a convex semidefinite programming problem by relaxing the constraints. Finally, the residual energy of each sensor node is taken into account as a constraint in the optimization problem. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme has better performance than a conventional compressed sensing scheme.

scholarly journals ProLo: Localization via Projection for Three-Dimensional Mobile Underwater Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Yushi Li ◽  
Hejun Wu ◽  
Zhimin Ding ◽  
Xiying Li
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mobile Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Underwater Sensor Networks ◽  
Water Currents ◽  
Localization Scheme ◽  
Moving Direction ◽  
Gps Devices

We study the problem of three-dimensional localization of the underwater mobile sensor networks using only range measurements without GPS devices. This problem is challenging because sensor nodes often drift with unknown water currents. Consequently, the moving direction and speed of a sensor node cannot be predicted. Moreover, the motion devices of the sensor nodes are not accurate in underwater environments. Therefore, we propose an adaptive localization scheme, ProLo, taking these uncertainties into consideration. This scheme applies the rigidity theory and maintains a virtual rigid structure through projection. We have proved the correctness of this three-dimensional localization scheme and also validated it using simulation. The results demonstrate that ProLo is promising for real mobile underwater sensor networks with various noises and errors.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Microenergy Storage System for Power Supply of Forest Wireless Sensor Nodes

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huamei Wang ◽  
Wenbin Li ◽  
Daochun Xu ◽  
Jiangming Kan
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Wireless Sensor Nodes ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Total Input ◽  
Self Powered

Wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) are widely used in the field of environmental detection; however, they face serious power supply problems caused by the complexity of the environmental layout. In this study, a new ultra-low-power hybrid energy harvesting (HEH) system for two types of microenergy collection (photovoltaic (PV) and soil-temperature-difference thermoelectric (TE)) was designed to provide stable power to WSNs. The power supply capabilities of two microenergy sources were assessed by analyzing the electrical characteristics and performing continuous energy data collection. The HEH system consisted of two separated power converters and an electronic multiplexer circuit to avoid impedance mismatch and improve efficiency. The feasibility of the self-powered HEH system was verified by consumption analysis of the HEH system, the WSNs, and the data analysis of the collected microenergy. Taking the summation of PV and TEG input power of 1.26 mW (PPV:PTEG was about 3:1) as an example, the power loss of the HEH system accounted for 33.8% of the total input power. Furthermore, the ratio decreased as the value of the input power increased.

A Sensor Node Localization Algorithm Based on Fuzzy RSSI Distance

2014 ◽  
Vol 543-547 ◽  
pp. 989-992
Author(s):  
Xiao Qin Li ◽  
Guang Rong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Node ◽  
Large Deviation ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Localization Algorithm ◽  
Node Localization ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Localization Algorithms ◽  
Traditional Algorithm ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Better Than

The node self-localization is the basis of target localization for wireless sensor network (WSN), the WSN nodes localization algorithms have two types based on distance and non distance. The node localization based on RSSI is simple and widely used in application. According to the traditional WSN nodes localization algorithm, the RSSI signal intensity changes greatly and with nonlinearity. And it is converted into distance feature with a large deviation, which leads to inaccurate positioning and localization. In order to solve this problem, a sensor node localization algorithm is proposed based on fuzzy RSSI distance. The nodes information is collected based on RSSI ranging method. And the location information is processed with fuzzy operation. The disturbance from the environmental factors for the positioning is solved. The accuracy of the node localization is improved. Simulation result shows that this algorithm can locate the sensor nodes accurately. The localization accuracy is high, and the performance of nodes localization is better than the traditional algorithm. It has good application value in the WSN nodes distribution and localization design.

scholarly journals BATS: Adaptive Ultra Low Power Sensor Network for Animal Tracking

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Duda ◽  
Thorsten Nowak ◽  
Markus Hartmann ◽  
Michael Schadhauser ◽  
Björn  Cassens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Software Infrastructure ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Node Network

In this paper, the BATS project is presented, which aims to track the behavior of bats via an ultra-low power wireless sensor network. An overview about the whole project and its parts like sensor node design, tracking grid and software infrastructure is given and the evaluation of the project is shown. The BATS project includes a lightweight sensor node that is attached to bats and combines multiple features. Communication among sensor nodes allows tracking of bat encounters. Flight trajectories of individual tagged bats can be recorded at high spatial and temporal resolution by a ground node grid. To increase the communication range, the BATS project implemented a long-range telemetry system to still receive sensor data outside the standard ground node network. The whole system is designed with the common goal of ultra-low energy consumption while still maintaining optimal measurement results. To this end, the system is designed in a flexible way and is able to adapt its functionality according to the current situation. In this way, it uses the energy available on the sensor node as efficient as possible.

scholarly journals CRCM: A New Combined Data Gathering and Energy Charging Model for WRSN

Symmetry ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhou Wang ◽  
Ying Dong ◽  
Shiyuan Li ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Mengyao Cui
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Mobile Charger ◽  
Earliest Deadline ◽  
No Sensor ◽  
Combined Data ◽  
Better Than

With the development of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the problem about how to increase the lifecycle of the WSNs is always a hot discussion point, and some researchers have devoted to the ‘energy saving’ to decrease the energy consumption of the sensor nodes by different algorithms. However, the fundamental technique is ‘energy acquiring’ for the battery which can solve the limited capacity problem. In this paper, we study the data gathering and energy charging by a mobile charger (MC) at the same time that most energy consumption can be saved by short communication distance. We have named this as the recharging model-combined recharging and collecting data model on-demand (CRCM). Firstly, the hexagon-based (HB) algorithm is proposed to sort all sensor nodes in the region to make data collecting and energy charging work at the same time. Then we consider both residual energy and geographic position (REGP) of the sensor node to calculate the priority of each cluster. Thirdly, the dynamic mobile charger (DMC) algorithm is proposed to calculate the number of MCs to make sure no sensor node will die in each charging queue. Finally, the simulations show that our REGP algorithm is better than Earliest Deadline First (EDF) and Nearest-Job-Next with Preemption (NJNP), and the DMC plays well when the number of sensor nodes increase.

scholarly journals ANALISA PERBANDINGAN METODE KOMUNIKASI MULTIHOP DAN ROUND ROBIN PADA WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK MENGGUNAKAN NRF24L01

JURNAL ELTEK ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mochammad Junus
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Round Robin ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Master Node ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Sensor Module

Wireless Sensor Network merupakan jaringan komputer terdistribusi yang memanfaatkan sejumlah node sensor berukuran kecil, dikembangkan dan dikonfigurasikan dalam sekala besar untuk membantu pemindaian terhadap lingkungan sekitar, memanfaatkan parameter pengukuran berupa temperatur, tekanan, suhu, gerakan atau entitas lainnya yang diketahui oleh manusia. Umumnya implementasi WSN di lapangan adalah masalah keterbatasan sumber daya untuk energi yang digunakan oleh setiap sensor node di dalamnya Hal ini menjadikan node-node sensor harus mampu bekerja dengan cepat dan maksimal, dengan sumber energi yang terbatas.Pada penelitian sebelumnya dengan melakukan penghematan daya menggunakan mekanisme sleep Namun pada penelitian tersebut masih terdapat kekurangan yakni kurang efektifnya penggunaan hanya satu modul sensor pada sebuah sensor node. Di sisi lain kebutuhan dalam pengaplikasian pada suatu wilayah tidak cukup hanya dengan menggunakan satu buah modul sensor. Akan tetapi dengan jumlah node yang banyak maka diperlukan metode komunikasi antar node agar data pengiriman tiap node tidak saling bertabrakan dan manajemen penggunaan energi yang lebih efisien. Adapun beberapa metode yangdapat diterapkan antara lain adalah metode Round Robin dan Multi-hop.Dengan membandingkan kedua metode tersebut dapat diketahui keunggulan dan kelemahan dari masing-masing metode. Hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan dengan mengisi penuh baterai 9V untuk semua node dan digunakan sampai habis. Pada metode Multihop komunikasi antara master node dan semua sensor node berlangsung dengan jeda pengiriman tiap node satu detik berlangsung selama 9 menit 36 detik dengan packet loss 54% pada lokasi outdoor dan 7 menit 45 detik dengan packet loss 54,25% pada lokasi indoor. Lama proses komunikasi ditentukan oleh umur daya dari sensor node 1. Sedangkan dengan menggunakan metode RoundRobin komunikasi terus berlangsung hingga 27 menit 59 detik dengan packet loss 27,40% untuk lokasi outdoor dan25 menit 16 detik untuk lokasi indoor dengan packet loss 28,14%. Wireless Sensor Network is a distributed computer network that utilizes a number of small sensor nodes, developed and configured in large scale to help scan the surrounding environment, utilizing measurement parameters in the form of temperature, pressure, temperature, movement or other entities known to humans. Generally WSN implementation in the field is a matter of limited resources for the energy used by each sensor node in it. This makes sensor nodes must be able to work quickly and maximally, with limited energy sources.In previous studies with power saving using sleep mechanism, in this study there were still deficiencies, namely the ineffectiveness of using only one sensor module on a sensor node. On the other hand, the need for application in an area is not enough using only one sensor module.However, with a large number of nodes, a method of communication between nodes is needed so that the sending data of each node does not collide with each other and more efficient energy use management. The several methods that can be applied include the Round Robin and Multihop methods. By comparing the two methods can be known the advantages and disadvantages of each method.The test results have been carried out by fully filling the 9V battery for all nodes and used up. In the Multihop method the communication between the master node and all sensor nodes takes place with each node sending a second delay lasting 9 minutes 36 seconds with 54% packet loss at the outdoor location and 7 minutes 45 seconds with 54.25% packet loss at the indoor location. The length of the communication process is determined by the power age from sensor node 1. While using RoundRobin method the communication continues up to 27 minutes 59 seconds with packet loss 27.40% for outdoor locations and 25 minutes 16 seconds for indoor locations with packet loss 28.14%.

Security based on Received Signal Strength in Localization for Underwater Sensor Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Karamjeet Kaur ◽  
Gianetan Singh Sekhon
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Underwater Sensor Networks ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
Intermediate Node ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End

Underwater sensor networks are envisioned to enable a broad category of underwater applications such as pollution tracking, offshore exploration, and oil spilling. Such applications require precise location information as otherwise the sensed data might be meaningless. On the other hand, security critical issue as underwater sensor networks are typically deployed in harsh environments. Localization is one of the latest research subjects in UWSNs since many useful applying UWSNs, e.g., event detecting. Now day’s large number of localization methods arrived for UWSNs. However, few of them take place stability or security criteria. In purposed work taking up localization in underwater such that various wireless sensor nodes get localize to each other. RSS based localization technique used remove malicious nodes from the communication intermediate node list based on RSS threshold value. Purposed algorithm improves more throughput and less end to end delay without degrading energy dissipation at each node. The simulation is conducted in MATLAB and it suggests optimal result as comparison of end to end delay with and without malicious node.

A Design of High-Accuracy Displacement Measurement Instrument from Principles of Optics

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 2924-2928
Author(s):  
Sheng Biao Chen ◽  
Yun Zhi Tan
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Displacement Measurement ◽  
New Method ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurement ◽  
Better Than

In order to measure the water drainage volume in soil mechanical tests accurately, it develop a new method which is based on principles of optics. And from both physical and mathematic aspects, it deduces the mathematic relationship between micro change in displacement and the increment projected on screen. The result shows that total reflection condition is better than refraction condition. What’s more, the screen could show the water volume micro variation clearly, so it can improve the accuracy of measurement.

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