scholarly journals Agent-Based Modeling of a Self-Organized Food Safety System

Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Kashif Zia ◽  
Umar Farooq ◽  
Arshad Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Safety System ◽  
Wisdom Of Crowds ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
System A ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Social Discourses ◽  
The Wisdom Of Crowds

“The wisdom of crowds” is often observed in social discourses and activities around us. The manifestations of it are, however, so intrinsically embedded and behaviorally accepted that an elaboration of a social phenomenon evidencing such wisdom is often considered a discovery; or at least an astonishing fact. One such scenario is explored here, namely, the conceptualization and modeling of a food safety system—a system directly related to social cognition. The first contribution of this paper is the re-evaluation of Knowles’s model towards a more conscious understanding of “the wisdom of crowds” effects on inspection and consumption behaviors. The second contribution is augmenting the model with social networking capabilities, which acts as a medium to spread information about stores and help consumers find uncontaminated stores. Simulation results revealed that stores respecting social cognition improve the effectiveness of the food safety system for consumers as well as for the stores. Simulation findings also revealed that active societies have the capability to self-organize effectively, even if they lack regulatory obligations.

scholarly journals Agent-based Modeling of a Self-Organized Food Safety System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Zia ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Saini ◽  
Arshad Muhammad ◽  
Umar Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Safety System ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
System A ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Social Discourses ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
Safety Systems ◽  
S Model

"The wisdom of crowd'' is so often observed in social discourses and activities around us. The manifestations of it are, however, so intrinsically embedded and behaviorally accepted that an elaboration of a social phenomenon evidencing such wisdom is often cheered as a discovery; or at least an astonishing fact. One such scenario is explored here, namely conceptualization and modeling of a food safety system, a system directly related to social cognition. Food safety is an area of concern these days. Models representing the food safety systems are recently published to study the effect of interactions between important entities of the system. For example, Knowles’s model finds conditions leading to a more efficient and dependable system of entities like consumers, regulators and stores with specific focus on regulators behavior and their impact on the food safety. The first contribution of this paper is reevaluation of Knowles’s model towards a more conscious understanding of ``the wisdom of crowd'' effects on inspection and consuming behaviors. The second contribution is augmenting of the model with social networking capabilities, which acts as a medium to spread information about stores and help consumers find stores which are not contaminated. Simulation results reveal that stores’ respecting social cognition improve effectiveness of the food safety system for consumers and stores both. Simulation findings also reveals that an active society has a capability to self-organize effectively even in the absence of any regulatory compulsion.

scholarly journals Cybernetics Approach Using Agent-Based Modeling in the Process of Evacuating Educational Institutions in Case of Disasters

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10277
Author(s):  
Ștefan Ionescu ◽  
Ionuț Nica ◽  
Nora Chiriță
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust System ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
System A ◽  
The People ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Degree

In the context of an emergency, evacuating people from a location in the shortest possible time is essential, as is the high degree of safety that people should expect when evacuating. Lately, in Romania there have been more and more fire events generated by different causes. This article will use agent-based modeling to simulate an emergency evacuation model in NetLogo. The model has been used to perform and analyze various scenarios. With the help of NetLogo, we managed to perform 400 simulations with the evacuation of 180 people (students, teachers, and non-teaching staff) based on which we developed several recommendations to streamline the evacuation process in order to reduce the possibility of death. The present research will help to identify the evacuation times from a school, but it will also highlight certain aspects that may occur during the evacuation. The model that was used in this research took into account the individual particularities of the people taking part in the evacuation, emphasizing the effects that form in a crowd of people when evacuating; effects such as the funnel effect, which is caused by the formation of bottlenecks around narrow areas. All these things are part of the analysis of the measurement of entropy of the exhaust system, a problem that has captured all of the specialists’ attention. Finally, solutions have been proposed to improve evacuation time in case of disasters.

scholarly journals Elements for the Agent-Based Modeling of Slavery Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antõnio C R Costa
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Free Labor ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
System A ◽  
First Case ◽  
Formal Concepts ◽  
Economic Relationship ◽  
South Of Brazil

This paper introduces formal concepts for the agent-based modeling of slavery systems. The concepts of master-slave economic relationship, slavery-based economic system, slavery-supporting legal system, and slavery-based material agent society are formally defined. A first case study recasts, for material agent societies, North \& Thomas' economic model determining the objective conditions under which it is rational for a society to choose a slavery-based economic system over a free labor-based economic system. A second case study makes use of elements of F. H. Cardoso's study of slavery in the south of Brazil to illustrate the application of the formal concepts introduced in the paper.

scholarly journals An Approach to the Modeling and Simulation of Intra-Hospital Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. e14
Author(s):  
Diego Omar Encinas ◽  
Lucas Maccallini ◽  
Fernando Romero
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Disease Propagation ◽  
System A ◽  
Number Of Patients

This publication presents an approach to a simulator to recreate a large number of scenarios and to make agile decisions in the planning of a real emergency room system. A modeling and simulation focused on the point prevalence of intrahospital infections in an emergency room and how it is affected by different factors related to hospital management. To carry out the simulator modeling, the Agent-based Modeling and Simulation (ABMS) paradigm was used. Thus, different intervening agents in the emergency room environment — patients and doctors, among others— were classified. The user belonging to the health system has different data to configure the simulation, such as the number of patients, the number of available beds, etc. Based on the tests carried out and the measurements obtained, it is concluded that the disease propagation model relative to the time and contact area of the patients has greater precision than the purely statistical model of the intensive care unit.

scholarly journals Enhanced or distorted wisdom of crowds? An agent-based model of opinion formation under social influence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlin Mavrodiev ◽  
Frank Schweitzer
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Correct Answer ◽  
Wisdom Of Crowds ◽  
Full Information ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Opinion Formation ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Factual Question ◽  
True Answer ◽  
The Wisdom Of Crowds

AbstractWe propose an agent-based model of collective opinion formation to study the wisdom of crowds under social influence. The opinion of an agent is a continuous positive value, denoting its subjective answer to a factual question. The wisdom of crowds states that the average of all opinions is close to the truth, i.e., the correct answer. But if agents have the chance to adjust their opinion in response to the opinions of others, this effect can be destroyed. Our model investigates this scenario by evaluating two competing effects: (1) agents tend to keep their own opinion (individual conviction), (2) they tend to adjust their opinion if they have information about the opinions of others (social influence). For the latter, two different regimes (full information vs. aggregated information) are compared. Our simulations show that social influence only in rare cases enhances the wisdom of crowds. Most often, we find that agents converge to a collective opinion that is even farther away from the true answer. Therefore, under social influence the wisdom of crowds can be systematically wrong.

Design Resilience of Demand Response Systems Utilizing Locally Communicating Thermostatically Controlled Loads

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Kuwada ◽  
Hoda Mehrpouyan ◽  
John F. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Algebraic Connectivity ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The Core ◽  
System A ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Response Systems ◽  
Thermostatically Controlled Loads

Abstract Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCLs) have shown great potential for Demand Response (DR) events. The focus of this study is to investigate the effects of adding communication throughout a population of TCLs on the resilience of the system. A Metric for resilience is calculated on varying populations of TCLs and verified with agent based modeling simulations. At the core of this study is an added thermostat criterion created from the combination of a proportional gain and the average compressor operating state of neighboring TCLs. Differing connection architectures are also analyzed. Resilience of the systems under different connection topologies, are calculated by analyzing algebraic connectivity at varying population sizes. The resilience analysis was verified through simulation. Results of the analysis show the effect of on delay schemes and connection architecture on stability limit of each system. Good concurrence was found between predicted and observed resilience for smaller dead-band sizes. Simulations showed varying results on the effect of a simulated attack based on location of the attack within the population.

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