scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Variance Assessment of Urban Rainstorm Waterlogging Affected by Impervious Surface Expansion: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huafei Yu ◽  
Yaolong Zhao ◽  
Yingchun Fu ◽  
Le Li
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Impervious Surface ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Surface Expansion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gwr Model ◽  
Runoff Plots

Urban rainstorm waterlogging has become a typical “city disease” in China. It can result in a huge loss of social economy and personal property, accordingly hindering the sustainable development of a city. Impervious surface expansion, especially the irregular spatial pattern of impervious surfaces, derived from rapid urbanization processes has been proven to be one of the main influential factors behind urban waterlogging. Therefore, optimizing the spatial pattern of impervious surfaces through urban renewal is an effective channel through which to attenuate urban waterlogging risk for developed urban areas. However, the most important step for the optimization of the spatial pattern of impervious surfaces is to understand the mechanism of the impact of urbanization processes, especially the spatiotemporal pattern of impervious surfaces, on urban waterlogging. This research aims to elucidate the mechanism of urbanization’s impact on waterlogging by analysing the spatiotemporal characteristics and variance of urban waterlogging affected by urban impervious surfaces in a case study of Guangzhou in China. First, the study area was divided into runoff plots by means of the hydrologic analysis method, based on which the analysis of spatiotemporal variance was carried out. Then, due to the heterogeneity of urban impervious surface effects on waterlogging, a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model was utilized to assess the spatiotemporal variance of the impact of impervious surface expansion on urban rainstorm waterlogging during the period from the 1990s to the 2010s. The results reveal that urban rainstorm waterlogging significantly expanded in a dense and circular layer surrounding the city centre, similar to the impervious surface expansion affected by urbanization policies. Taking the urban runoff plot as the research unit, GWR has achieved a good modelling effect for urban storm waterlogging. The results show that the impervious surfaces in the runoff plots of the southeastern part of Yuexiu, the southern part of Tianhe and the western part of Haizhu, which have experienced major urban engineering construction, have the strongest correlation with urban rainstorm waterlogging. However, for different runoff plots, the impact of impervious surfaces on urban waterlogging is quite different, as there exist other influence factors in the various runoff plots, although the impervious surface is one of the main factors. This result means that urban renewal strategy to optimize the spatial pattern of impervious surfaces for urban rainstorm waterlogging prevention and control should be different for different runoff plots. The results of the GWR model analysis can provide useful information for urban renewal strategy-making.

scholarly journals Optimization of Impervious Surface Space Layout for Prevention of Urban Rainstorm Waterlogging: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu ◽  
Zhao ◽  
Fu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Urban Runoff ◽  
Impervious Surface ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Space Layout ◽  
And Control ◽  
Runoff Plots

With the rapid expansion of impervious surfaces, urban waterlogging has become a typical “urban disease” in China, seriously hindering the sustainable development of cities. Therefore, reducing the impact of impervious surfaces on surface runoff is an effective approach to alleviate urban waterlogging. Presently, the development mode of many cities in China has shifted from an increase in urban scale to the improvement of urban quality through urban renewal, which is the current and future development path for most cities. Optimizing the design of impervious surfaces in urban renewal planning to reduce its impact on surface runoff is an important way to prevent and control urban waterlogging. The aim of this research is to construct an optimization model of impervious surface space layout under the framework of a geographic simulation technology-integrated ant colony optimization (ACO) and Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS-CN) model (ACO-SCS) in a case study of Guangzhou in China. Urban runoff plots in the study area are divided according to the area of the urban planning unit. With the goal of minimizing the runoff coefficient, the optimal space layout of the impervious surfaces is obtained, which provides a technical method and reference for urban waterlogging prevention and control through urban renewal planning. The results reveal that the optimization of impervious surface space layout through ACO-SCS achieves a satisfactory effect with an average optimization rate of 9.52%, and a maximum optimization rate of 33.16%. The research also shows that the initial impervious surface layout is the key influencing factor in ACO-SCS. In the urban renewal planning stage, the space layout of the impervious surfaces with a high–low–high density discontinuous connection can be constructed by transforming medium-density impervious surfaces into low-density impervious surfaces to achieve the flat and long-type agglomeration of the low-density and high-density impervious surfaces, which can effectively reduce the influence of urban development on surface runoff. There is spatial heterogeneity of the optimal results in different urban runoff plots. Therefore, the policy of urban renewal planning for urban waterlogging prevention and control should be different. The optimized results of impervious surface space layout provide useful reference information for urban renewal planning.

scholarly journals Multi-Level Classification Based on Trajectory Features of Time Series for Monitoring Impervious Surface Expansions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibei Wang ◽  
Zhenjie Chen ◽  
A-Xing Zhu ◽  
Yuzhu Hao ◽  
Changqing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Impervious Surface ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Expansion Time ◽  
Trajectory Features ◽  
Surface Expansion ◽  
Multi Level

As urbanization has profound effects on global environmental changes, quick and accurate monitoring of the dynamic changes in impervious surfaces is of great significance for environmental protection. The increased spatiotemporal resolution of imagery makes it possible to construct time series to obtain long-time-period and high-accuracy information about impervious surface expansion. In this study, a three-step monitoring method based on time series trajectory segmentation was developed to extract impervious surface expansion using Landsat time series and was applied to the Xinbei District, Changzhou, China, from 2005 to 2017. Firstly, the original time series was segmented and fitted to remove the noise caused by clouds, shadows, and interannual differences, leaving only the trend information. Secondly, the time series trajectory features of impervious surface expansion were described using three phases and four types with nine parameters by analyzing the trajectory characteristics. Thirdly, a multi-level classification method was used to determine the scope of impervious surface expansion, and the expansion time was superimposed to obtain a spatiotemporal distribution map. The proposed method yielded an overall accuracy of 90.58% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.90, demonstrating that Landsat time series remote sensing images could be used effectively in this approach to monitor the spatiotemporal expansion of impervious surfaces.

scholarly journals Guests’ assessment of hotel facilities and services: Zadar case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-250
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Parzych ◽  
Jadranka Brkić-Vejmelka
Keyword(s):  
City Centre ◽  
Location Factors ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Comfort Evaluation ◽  
Location Determinants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The availability of hotel facilities and services and their quality are one of the most important factor in selection of a tourist destination. The aim of the article was to analyse the impact of hotel location factors, prices of hotel services and detailed assessments of hotel services provided by the hotel on the overall rating of the hotel. As a case study, Zadar – a city located in the northern part of the Dalmatian coast of Croatia – was used to analyse the problem. The location determinants of hotels and their equipment were assessed in relation to the price of accommodation and tourists’ evaluation of the basic components of hotel services. The analysis used data obtained from the Booking.com website for accommodation prices, including selected days of the high and low season, data on the number of opinions about the object and the rating of the object by guests in terms of the overall opinion about the object, its location conditions, the standard of services rendered, cleanliness, comfort, evaluation of staff work, access to Wi-Fi network and assessment of services rendered in relation to the price of the service. The obtained results indicate hotel location, especially its distance from the city centre, railway station and airport and evaluation of chosen elements of customers’ hotel evaluation are most significant determinants of choosing accommodation for tourists.

scholarly journals The impact of strict measures as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic on the spatial pattern of the demand for police. Case study Antwerp (Belgium)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maite Dewinter ◽  
Philipp M. Dau ◽  
Christophe Vandeviver ◽  
Frank Witlox ◽  
Tom Vander Beken
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Point Pattern ◽  
Spatial Point Pattern ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Street Segments ◽  
Spatial Point Pattern Test

COVID-19 impacts the daily lives of millions of people. This radical change in our daily activities affected many aspects of life, but acted as well as a natural experiment for research into the spatial distribution of 911 calls. We analyse the impact of the COVID-19 measures on the spatial pattern of police interventions. Crime is not uniformly distributed across street segments, but how does COVID-19 affect these spatial patterns? To this end, a proportion differences spatial point pattern test is applied to compare the similarity of the patterns of incidents before, during, and after the first lockdown in Antwerp, Belgium. With only essential mobility being allowed, the emergency call pattern has not significantly changed before, during or after this lockdown, however, a qualitative shift in police officer’s daily work may have had an effect on the daily operation of the Antwerp police force.

scholarly journals The Impact of Impervious Surface Expansion on Soil Organic Carbon: A Case Study of 0–300 cm Soil Layer in Guangzhou City

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7901
Author(s):  
Jifeng Du ◽  
Mengxiao Yu ◽  
Junhua Yan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Impervious Surface ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Guangzhou City ◽  
Surface Expansion ◽  
Soil Excavation ◽  
The Impact

Empirical evidence shows that the expansion of impervious surface threatens soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in urbanized areas. However, the understanding of deep soil excavation due to the vertical expansion of impervious surface remains limited. According to the average soil excavation depth, we divided impervious surface into pavement (IS20), low-rise building (IS100) and high-rise building (IS300). Based on remote-sensing images and published SOC density data, we estimated the SOC storage and its response to the impervious surface expansion in the 0–300 cm soil depth in Guangzhou city, China. The results showed that the total SOC storage of the study area was 8.31 Tg, of which the top 100 cm layer contributed 44%. The impervious surface expansion to date (539.87 km2) resulted in 4.16 Tg SOC loss, of which the IS20, IS100 and IS300 contributed 26%, 58% and 16%, respectively. The excavation-induced SOC loss (kg/m2) of IS300 was 1.8 times that of IS100. However, at the residential scale, renovating an IS100 plot into an IS300 plot can substantially reduce SOC loss compared with farmland urbanization. The gains of organic carbon accumulation in more greenspace coverage may be offset by the loss in deep soil excavation for the construction of underground parking lots, suggesting a need to control the exploitation intensity of underground space and promote residential greening.

scholarly journals What Happened to the Public Spaces of the Arab World? From Colonisation to Revolution: The Case of Lebanon

2021 ◽  
pp. 203-214
Author(s):  
Tarek Fouani
Keyword(s):  
Arab World ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

Public spaces were first introduced into the Arab world through colonial authorities in a vision to “modernise” what was seen as “oriental cities”, since the 19th century until today. However, this process was brought under severe political, social, cultural, and economic circumstances. In the due date, the imported western models of public spaces were superimposed on the existing fabric, dismissing any of those components, which left public spaces to their tragic fate in the Arab cities. In that context, they were also snatched from their democratic and civic nature under the dictator regimes. The paper will be divided into five sections, starting with a look at the historical evolution of public spaces under colonisation, then it will take Beirut, Lebanon as a case study; a city that was torn by war and patched by western ideologies following the m­odernist movement. This will take a critical approach by looking at several players in the process of implementation of public spaces in Beirut. One of these being Solidere and its reconstruction plans of the city centre of Beirut after the civil war (1975-1990), which was heavily influenced by the western models of public spaces. In the third section, a comparative study between Piazza del Duomo in Italy and Martyrs’ Square in Lebanon will set a wider understanding of the product of this evolution. Eventually, the paper will analyse the impact of the Lebanese revolution (2019) on reclaiming the public spaces for the people, similar to other revolutions in the Arab world that date back to 2011, through examples like “The Egg”, Samir Kassir Garden and Martyr’s Square. By the hands of the revolutions, the people were able to domesticate what did not reflect their identity, culture or needs, and transform them into inclusive spaces for everyone from all races, classes and backgrounds as an opportunity to set a collective vision for the future. By that, a look and a recommendation for the future of the public spaces in the Arab world, especially Beirut, will take place through a concluding section.

scholarly journals Smart Tourism Sustainability Narratives in Mature Beach Destinations. Contrasting the Collective Imaginary with Reality

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5083
Author(s):  
Joan Miquel Gomis-López ◽  
Francesc González-Reverté
Keyword(s):  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Sustainability Strategies ◽  
Sustainability Problems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Smart Tourism

This article contributes to the analysis of the relationship between urban renewal processes and sustainable development in mature beach destinations and the adoption of smart tourism. It takes as its case study Spanish destinations taking part in publicly-funded projects and plans designed to convert them into so-called “smart destinations” (SD). Its chief goals are to identify, through the Delphi technique, the smart tourism narrative behind the drive for creating SD, as well as to see how good a fit this is with the strategic positionings of mature destinations seeking to halt their decline or take on a new lease of life by introducing sustainability measures. Based on a review of the existing literature, we perform a critical analysis of this narrative to expose the contradictions arising when it is applied as a tool for urban renewal based on the implementation of sustainability strategies. The results aid with progress in two directions. Firstly, the article contributes new conceptual elements on the role of SD in the urban transformation of tourist destinations as a response to the challenges of global competitiveness. The second contribution, which is applied in nature and based on the study of a variety of Spanish tourist destinations, analyzes the impact the application of smart tourism-based technological solutions may have upon sustainability. Specifically, it examines the actions of different mass tourism beach destinations and discusses their actual ability to foster renewal in the field of tourism and offer solutions for overcoming urban sustainability problems. Lastly, it offers some recommendations for mature beach destination managers interested in implementing smart tourism projects based on sustainability criteria.

scholarly journals Establishment of Regional Concentration–Duration–Frequency Relationships of Air Pollution: A Case Study for PM2.5

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hone-Jay Chu ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan Ali
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Annual Frequency ◽  
And Control ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Poor air quality usually leads to PM2.5 warnings and affects human health. The impact of frequency and duration of extreme air quality has received considerable attention. The extreme concentration of air pollution is related to its duration and annual frequency of occurrence known as concentration–duration–frequency (CDF) relationships. However, the CDF formulas are empirical equations representing the relationship between the maximum concentration as a dependent variable and other parameters of interest, i.e., duration and annual frequency of occurrence. As a basis for deducing the extreme CDF relationship of PM2.5, the function assumes that the extreme concentration is related to the duration and frequency. In addition, the spatial pattern estimation of extreme PM2.5 is identified. The regional CDF identifies the regional extreme concentration with a specified duration and return period. The spatial pattern of extreme air pollution over 8 h duration shows the hotspots of air quality in the central and southwestern areas. Central and southwestern Taiwan is at high risk of exposure to air pollution. Use of the regional CDF analysis is highly recommended for efficient design of air quality management and control.

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