scholarly journals Urban Features in Rural Landscape: A Case Study of the Municipality of Skawina

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Wilkosz-Mamcarczyk ◽  
Barbara Olczak ◽  
Barbara Prus
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Central City ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Status ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Management Changes ◽  
The Impact

Events associated with growing suburbanisation and transport infrastructure lead to changes in the use of rural land reaching further and further from the central city. The present research focuses on the impact of the location of the municipality of Skawina and the functioning of its rural areas in the impact zone of Kraków. The first step to determine the transformations in the municipality of Skawina caused by the growth of Kraków and its suburban zone was to investigate the internal conditions in the municipality, such as its spatial development or functional structure, and external conditions such as its demographic transformations. Next, the development of the settlement structure in recent years and land management changes were investigated. The paper focuses on the introduction of typical urban features and functions into rural areas to identify the transformations and their dynamics. The status of the space was diagnosed by interpreting the map documentation for the administrative boundaries of the municipality of Skawina, regarding the presentation of the spatial development in 2006 and in 2014 to 2016, by verifying the existing planning documentation, and by visiting the site. The conclusions can be the basis for guidelines to protect the traditional rural and cultural landscape near Kraków.

scholarly journals Military Service in the construction of manhoodErkekliğin kurgulanmasında Askerlik Hizmeti

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 4410
Author(s):  
Zeynel Karacagil
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Civic Duty ◽  
Discourse Practices ◽  
Cultural Effects ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact

The existence of subjects in a society is accepted in groups formed on the basis of gender and in communities and thus gains meaning. We have heard the statement “does a manly man do such a thing?” so many times when a man displays behaviour outside the gender roles described for men in the practice of social structure. It is necessary to look at the components constituting manliness and to examine the behavioural practices with which those components are related so as to understand the status called manliness. The functionality of military service remains constantly dynamic in Turkey due to its political and socio-cultural effects. Military service is influential in social organisation both as political and social power in the formation of the mechanism for manliness. Military service, which is institutionalised in accordance with the needs of political organisation, has gained sacredness in a various discourse, practices and in collective memory. In consequence of its sacredness, it has gained new meanings and it has become a determinant in the life of men.   This study found that military service had great impacts in the formation of the mechanism for manliness. Sacredness attributed to military service especially in rural areas has strengthened the impact and caused men to see military service as the turning point of their life. Consequently, military service has gone beyond being a civic duty and become a social duty.   The author of this article agrees with the argument that military organisation is one of the dynamics forming the foundation in building men’s social gender roles. In this context, the cultural codes of manliness should be searched in “military service”.  This study uses the method of autoethnography. Additionally, the method of oral history is also employed. The data used in this study came from two sources- namely, my personal observations, experiences and conversations during my military service in Ankara in 2014; and interviews with people who had performed their military service. The data obtained will be evaluated in interpretivist paradigm. Extended English abstract is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetÖznelerin toplum içindeki varlıkları, cinsiyetlere göre oluşturulmuş gruplar ve cemaatler içinde kabul edilerek, anlam kazanmaktadır. Toplumsal yapının pratiklerinde, erkeklere tanımlanmış olan cinsiyet rollerinin dışında bir davranışta bulunulduğunda “Erkek adam da bunu yapar mı?” söylemini çok defa duymuşuzdur. Erkeklik denilen toplumsal statüyü anlamak için oluşumundaki katmanlara bakmak ve bu katmaların ilişkide olduğu davranış pratiklerini incelemek gerekmektedir. Türkiye’de askerlik hizmetinin siyasal ve sosyo – kültürel etkilerden dolayı işlerliği sürekli dinamik kalmaktadır. Erkeklik mekanizmasının oluşmasında askerlik hizmeti, toplumsal örgütlenme içerisinde hem siyasal hem de toplumsal iktidar bir güç olarak etkisini göstermektedir. Siyasal bir örgütlenmenin ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda kurumsallaşan askerlik hizmeti, çeşitli söylem ve pratikler ile kolektif hafızalarda bir kutsallık kazanmaktadır. Kazandığı bu kutsiyet sonucunda yeni anlam dizgelerine bürünerek, erkeklerin hayatlarında belirteç bir konuma gelmektedir. Bu çalışma neticesinde askerlik hizmetinin, erkeklik mekanizmasının oluşmasında büyük bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Geleneksel toplumlarda özellikle kırsal bölgelerde askerliğe yüklenen kutsallık bu etkiyi daha da güçlendirerek, erkeklerin askerlik hizmetini, hayatlarının bir dönüm noktası olarak görmelerine neden olmuştur. Bunun sonucunda askerlik hizmeti bir vatandaşlık görevi olmaktan uzaklaşarak, toplumsal bir görev halini almıştır.Askerlik örgütlenmesinin erkeklerin toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin inşasında temel teşkil eden dinamiklerden birisi olduğu argümanını kabul etmekteyim. Bu bağlamda erkekliğin kültürel kodları “askerlik hizmetinde” aranacaktır. Çalışmada otoetnografi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca sözlü tarih yönteminden de yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan bilgiler iki kaynaktan toplanmıştır; 2014 yılında Ankara’da Jandarma olarak askerliğimi yaptığım dönemde ki gözlemlerim, deneyimlerim ve görüşmelerim ilk kaynak bilgileri oluştururken, askerlik hizmetini yapmış kişiler ile yapılan görüşmelerden elde edilen bulgular ise ikinci kaynak bilgilerimi oluşturmaktadır. Elde edilen bu bilgiler yorumsamacı paradigma ile değerlendirilecektir. 

scholarly journals The Use of Selected Landscape Metrics to Evaluate the Transformation of the Rural Landscape as a Result of the Development of the Mining Function—A Case Study of the Puchaczów Commune

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12279
Author(s):  
Sylwia Barwicka ◽  
Małgorzata Milecka
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Landscape Indicators ◽  
The Impact

Landscape metrics have been used for years in research on the evolution of landscapes. They are also important in the process of monitoring changes taking place in the functional and spatial structure of rural areas. The main aim of this article is to assess the transformation of the rural landscape of the Puchaczów commune, which is based on a comparative analysis of selected landscape metrics. In the Puchaczów commune, due to the availability of raw materials, a mining industry has developed, which has a decisive influence on the development of the region. The study included schemes of the commune’s land cover from four periods: the pre-war period, the 1960s and the 1970s (i.e., shortly before the construction of the hard coal mine), 1990–2000, and 2020. Then, for the given time frames, with the help of the FRAGSTATS version 4.2 program, the following landscape indicators were calculated: the percentage of the landscape coverage by particular land cover units, the number of patches, the mean class area, the Shannon diversity index, and the Simpson diversity index. A comparative analysis of landscape metrics showed that the landscape of the Puchaczów commune was constantly transformed in the years 1937–2020. Despite the decrease in the area of agricultural land, agricultural production remains the dominant function of the commune. The percentage of industrial areas is the smallest, but the metric values do not reflect the enormous environmental impact of the mine. A broader description of the changes taking place in the landscape of the Puchaczów commune can therefore be obtained only by combining research with the use of landscape metrics and analyses of the impact of land cover units on the environment.

scholarly journals The Influence of Cultural-Historical Determinants on Functional-Spatial Development of Rural Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Hanna Borucińska-Bieńkowska
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Rural Urbanization ◽  
Housing Developments ◽  
Ecological Economic ◽  
Rural Architecture ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The article discusses selected issues regarding the influence of cultural-historical determinants on functional-spatial development of rural areas. Ecological, economic and social processes taking place in the last decades are examined in the context of the development of local self-governments and the rise of free market economy after Poland’s socio-economic transformation. The process of intensive rural urbanization occurs especially in areas within the impact zone of big cities. It is caused by, i.a., human migration into rural areas and development of areas of business activation. The abovementioned tendencies that occur in the ecological, economic and social context have a significant impact on functional-spatial development. Expansion of housing developments and, in effect, expansion and development of necessary technical infrastructure gives rise to many problems concerning preservation of cultural heritage of the Polish countryside. The pursuit of sustainable development of rural areas is fundamental in regard to ruralist solutions as well as preservation of traditional rural architecture. Cultural-historical determinants play a considerable role in this pursuit, especially in the context of threats that stem from overurbanization of rural areas.

scholarly journals Restoring Rural Landscape: a Case Study in Chongqing China

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-242
Author(s):  
Yongting Shi ◽  
Anna Mária Tamás ◽  
Gergely Sztranyák
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Regional Characteristics ◽  
Landscape Characteristics

AbstractBased on the consensus that the rural cultural landscape with regional characteristics is conducive to promoting the sustainable development of rural areas, this study explores how to use multiple means to restore the countryside with insufficient or severely damaged landscape resources and rebuild the contemporary rural landscape with regional characteristics. Combining the design of practical cases, the article proposes the use of low-tech, low-interference vernacular technology, and the integration of artistic intervention methods can more effectively restore landscape characteristics and stimulate rural development vitality.

The Impact of External Risks on Project Implementation in the Transport Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 796-803
Author(s):  
S. A. Borodulina ◽  
G. A. Kostin ◽  
L. S. Trofimova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Transport Industry ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
External Risk ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Impact

Aim. The presented study aims to examine the elements of assessing projects for the development of the transport sector of the Russian economy in terms of external risk assessment.Tasks. The authors formulate the problem of the relevance of assessing external risks that have a significant impact on the development of the transport industry in the context of a pandemic and describe a risk assessment model through the example of transport infrastructure projects.Methods. The methods of accounting and assessment of risk factors are analyzed. The proposed model is developed based on the use of the fuzzy sets method.Results. The nature and scale of the pandemic’s impact on the major performance indicators of transport industry enterprises and the development of the transport business in 2020-2021 are determined. The impact of restrictive measures on the efficiency of transport companies has been identified and their development has been assessed as part of the implementation of industry-specific development projects. The risks of non-implementation of transport projects are discovered and described through the example of the infrastructure component. The authors focus on the assessment of environmental risks during the implementation of transport projects under unstable conditions. A model for assessing the risks of possible non-implementation of projects based on a variety of risk types and parameters is presented.Conclusions. The results of the study can be used in the justification and selection of transport projects, helping to reduce the share of non-implemented projects under complex dynamic external conditions.

scholarly journals The Impact of Transport Infrastructure on the Sustainable Development of the Region—Case Study

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Piotr Prus ◽  
Marek Sikora
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Impact

The transport infrastructure can be defined as a factor that guarantees the growth and economic development of the region, due to the functions of traversing space in terms of the movement of people and the exchange of goods. The effects of the impact of transport infrastructure on the economy of the region largely depend on how the society uses the services offered by infrastructure facilities and devices. The study examines the impact of transport infrastructure on the sustainable socio-economic development of the Wałcz Lake District. To conduct the analysis, a questionnaire addressed to entrepreneurs from this region was used. In the second part of the research, the indicators of sustainable development at the regional level were applied: the level of transport infrastructure and the level of socio-economic development of the studied area. The study is an attempt to fill the cognitive gap for areas outside the country’s main transport corridors. The existing differentiation in both the development of infrastructure and the economic attractiveness of urban and rural areas was shown. Factors influencing the effectiveness of implementing the concept of sustainable rural development were indicated.

scholarly journals Cooperative movement in the agricultural sector: retrospective, modernity, future

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (54) ◽  
pp. 9-36
Author(s):  
Lyubov Moldavan ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Economic Democracy ◽  
State Support ◽  
Cooperative Movement ◽  
Cooperative Development ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with historical aspects of the cooperative development from primary local forms to national and supranational cooperative structures. The author substantiates differences between cooperative and commercial corporate vertically integrated organizational forms in assigning the final economic result. The main factors of longevity and viability of cooperative forms are identified and substantiated, which include the principles of economic democracy, transparency, and solidarity in cooperatives; the unity of interests of cooperative members as its owners and cooperative services customers; the ability of cooperatives to adapt to rapidly changing external conditions; the impact of cooperatives on price stabilization and food affordability, which characterizes them as both economic and socio-humanistic essence; and solid economic and social connection with communities. The objective conditionality of the state support has been proved for the development of the cooperative movement as a factor in preserving the farming type of economy, promoting the rural population, the development of the rural areas, and strengthening the country’s food sovereignty. The author proves the conformity of cooperative forms of economic activity organization to the principles of sustainable development, which provides them with demand in the future of the agricultural sector. Generalized foreign practice of forming a favorable institutional and legal environment for the cooperative development, their financial support at the formation stage, staffing, and informational and advisory support. The main causes of the slow revival of the cooperative movement in the domestic agricultural sector are explained, and guidelines and ways of their elimination are outlined. Among them, the author identifies as urgent the aligning of domestic cooperative legislation with Western European legal practice and the introduction of long-term state support programs for the development of cooperative movement in Ukraine’s agricultural sector.

scholarly journals Spatial Development of Russia: Management of Rural Territories

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Igor Molchanov ◽  
Natal'ya Molchanova
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Development ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Economic Interaction ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The purpose of the work is to justify the impact of potential changes in the concept of territorial management and organizational mechanisms for regulating socio-economic processes arising from the Strategy for Spatial Development of Russia for the period up to 2025 on the prospects for the functioning of rural territories. Methodology and methods. In the course of research based on the dialectical method of cognition, systemic and evolutionary approaches, general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction) and special methods (comparative-historical, expert and abstract-logical) were used; official information sources were analysed: legislative acts of the Russian Federation and regulatory legal documents of the Government of Russia; materials from Rosstat and a number of analytical research centres; studied the works of Russian and foreign scientists on spatial development. Results. Based on the application of the provisions of general economic theory, theories of economic zoning and interregional economic interaction, new theories and concepts of regional development, the current state and possible prospects for increasing the participation of rural territories in interregional and interstate economic cooperation, improving their infrastructure support were studied; justified options for more active involvement of rural populations in economic and entrepreneurial activities. Scientific novelty consists in considering the potential opportunities and relevant directions of rural development in order to increase their contribution to overall economic growth; systematization of organizational and economic measures of state regulation (including the most acceptable methods and tools for modern dynamically changing internal and external conditions), and preparation of recommendations for competent authorities at the regional and municipal levels, the practical use of which will create the basis for improving the financial and economic management mechanism spatial development.

Assessing the spillover effects of investment in transport infrastructure in the subjects of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2465-2478
Author(s):  
Aleksei N. SAVRUKOV ◽  
Nikolai T. SAVRUKOV
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Central Federal District ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

Subject. We consider economic relations and problems within the framework of spatial development of settlements and constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Objectives. We focus on the development of a methodology for assessing the spacial spillover effects of investments in transport infrastructure and their monetization, considering the network and spillover effects, socio-economic characteristics, geographical location, and the level of connectivity of territories. Methods. The study employs methods of economic, statistical analysis and synthesis, and comparison. The works of economists on the problems of transport accessibility, spatial development and the impact of transport infrastructure on the dynamics of economic growth serve as the theoretical basis of the study. Results. We tested the proposed methodological toolkit, presented the results of assessing the spillover effects of investments in transport infrastructure based on the materials of the Central Federal District according to data for 2020. We determined the secondary effects of infrastructure investments, assessed the size of ‘exports’, ‘imports’ and the real size of investments in transport infrastructure, considering the secondary effects for the subjects of the Central Federal District. Conclusions. The numerical estimates of the spillover effects of investments in transport infrastructure for the subjects of the Central Federal District obtained in the work can be used in practice, when planning the development of territories and assessing the socio-economic effects of regional and interregional transport projects.

scholarly journals Social Effects of Agglomeration. An Assessment of Intraregional Disparities in the South of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Anna MIKHAYLOVA ◽  
Vasilisa GOROCHNAYA
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
The South ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

The growth of cities against the background of transport infrastructure development has led to the formation of urban agglomerations as systems of interconnected cities. Rural areas are the foundation for the growth of new actively developing urban spatial systems and become donors of labour resources. The redistribution of population between the city and the country entails a number of social effects. This study aims to assess the impact of agglomeration processes on the social sphere of municipalities in the region. The main focus of the study is the dynamically developing monocentric agglomeration in the south of Russia – the Rostov agglomeration. The methodological approach is based on assessing the gaps between different types of municipalities depending on their territorial location relative to the agglomeration centre presented in four groups of social indicators: urbanization, labour mobility, housing, and quality of life. The Agglomeration Social Impact Index was calculated. We learned there is significant heterogeneity in the level of social development among different types of municipalities. The decisive effect on social gaps is exerted by three factors: agglomeration, urbanization, transport and logistics. The most favourable living conditions are found in the municipalities located in the immediate vicinity of the agglomeration core.

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