scholarly journals The Use of Selected Landscape Metrics to Evaluate the Transformation of the Rural Landscape as a Result of the Development of the Mining Function—A Case Study of the Puchaczów Commune

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12279
Author(s):  
Sylwia Barwicka ◽  
Małgorzata Milecka
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Landscape Indicators ◽  
The Impact

Landscape metrics have been used for years in research on the evolution of landscapes. They are also important in the process of monitoring changes taking place in the functional and spatial structure of rural areas. The main aim of this article is to assess the transformation of the rural landscape of the Puchaczów commune, which is based on a comparative analysis of selected landscape metrics. In the Puchaczów commune, due to the availability of raw materials, a mining industry has developed, which has a decisive influence on the development of the region. The study included schemes of the commune’s land cover from four periods: the pre-war period, the 1960s and the 1970s (i.e., shortly before the construction of the hard coal mine), 1990–2000, and 2020. Then, for the given time frames, with the help of the FRAGSTATS version 4.2 program, the following landscape indicators were calculated: the percentage of the landscape coverage by particular land cover units, the number of patches, the mean class area, the Shannon diversity index, and the Simpson diversity index. A comparative analysis of landscape metrics showed that the landscape of the Puchaczów commune was constantly transformed in the years 1937–2020. Despite the decrease in the area of agricultural land, agricultural production remains the dominant function of the commune. The percentage of industrial areas is the smallest, but the metric values do not reflect the enormous environmental impact of the mine. A broader description of the changes taking place in the landscape of the Puchaczów commune can therefore be obtained only by combining research with the use of landscape metrics and analyses of the impact of land cover units on the environment.

scholarly journals Impact of dispersed settlement on the structure and diversity of rural landscape (Case study of village Hrušov, Slovak Republic)

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
Ján Hanušin
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Landscape Diversity ◽  
Primary Hypothesis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

The impact of a dispersed settlement on the changes of the land cover (LC) and landscape diversity (LDI) in the years 1950, 1986 and 2016 was analyzed on four spatially different levels: on the level of the whole cadastral area, 60 circular areas – hinterlands of hamlets, 15 circular areas in agricultural land outside hamlets and areas outside circular areas. The primary hypothesis that the landscape with a dispersed settlement is internally differentiated in terms of LC and LDI changes and that a dispersed settlement itself is an important driving force of these changes has been confirmed.

Intergroup Inequality in Wealth Ownership in Rural India: Caste, Tribe and Religion

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Nitin Tagade ◽  
Sukhadeo Thorat
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
Intergroup Inequality ◽  
The Impact

In India, the rural economy still remains crucially important in the economic wellbeing of the majority population. The low income and high poverty in rural areas are closely associated with unequal distribution of income-earning assets, particularly agricultural land and non-land capital assets. In this article, therefore, we try to understand the intergroup inequality in wealth ownership across caste, ethnic and religious groups in rural India based on the 2013 data from the All India Debt and Investment survey carried out by National Sample Survey Office. The results indicate high interpersonal wealth inequality so also the intergroup wealth inequality at the aggregate level and by type of assets in rural India. The impact of caste on the ownership of wealth clearly indicates high ownership among Hindu high caste and Hindu other backward caste at the cost of low wealth share or ownership of the SC/ST indicating the existence of graded inequality.

scholarly journals Urban Features in Rural Landscape: A Case Study of the Municipality of Skawina

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Wilkosz-Mamcarczyk ◽  
Barbara Olczak ◽  
Barbara Prus
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Central City ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Status ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Management Changes ◽  
The Impact

Events associated with growing suburbanisation and transport infrastructure lead to changes in the use of rural land reaching further and further from the central city. The present research focuses on the impact of the location of the municipality of Skawina and the functioning of its rural areas in the impact zone of Kraków. The first step to determine the transformations in the municipality of Skawina caused by the growth of Kraków and its suburban zone was to investigate the internal conditions in the municipality, such as its spatial development or functional structure, and external conditions such as its demographic transformations. Next, the development of the settlement structure in recent years and land management changes were investigated. The paper focuses on the introduction of typical urban features and functions into rural areas to identify the transformations and their dynamics. The status of the space was diagnosed by interpreting the map documentation for the administrative boundaries of the municipality of Skawina, regarding the presentation of the spatial development in 2006 and in 2014 to 2016, by verifying the existing planning documentation, and by visiting the site. The conclusions can be the basis for guidelines to protect the traditional rural and cultural landscape near Kraków.

scholarly journals Assessment of Land Cover Changes in the Hinterland of Barranquilla (Colombia) Using Landsat Imagery and Logistic Regression

Land ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Schubert ◽  
Andrés Caballero Calvo ◽  
Markus Rauchecker ◽  
Oscar Rojas-Zamora ◽  
Grischa Brokamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Landsat Imagery ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Land Cover Changes ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
The Impact

Barranquilla is known as a dynamically growing city in the Colombian Caribbean. Urbanisation induces land use and land cover (LULC) changes in the city and its hinterland affecting the region’s climate and biodiversity. This paper aims to identify the trends of land use and land cover changes in the hinterland of Barranquilla corresponding to 13 municipalities in the north of the Department Atlántico. Landsat TM/ETM/OLI imagery from 1985 to 2017 was used to map and analyse the spatio-temporal development of land use and land cover changes. During the investigation period, the settlement areas grew by approximately 50% (from 103.3 to 153.6 km2), while areas with woody vegetation cover experienced dynamic changes and increased in size since 2001. Peri-urban and rural areas were characterized by highly dynamic changes, particularly regarding clearing and recovery of vegetated areas. Regression analyses were performed to identify the impact factors of detected vegetation cover changes. Computed logistic regression models included 20 independent variables, such as relief, climate, soil, proximity characteristics and socio-economic data. The results of this study may act as a basis to enable researchers and decision-makers to focus on the most important signals of systematic landscape transformations and on the conservation of ecosystems and the services they provide.

scholarly journals Space use by resident and transient coyotes in an urban–rural landscape mosaic

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Numi Mitchell ◽  
Michael W. Strohbach ◽  
Ralph Pratt ◽  
Wendy C. Finn ◽  
Eric G. Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Scale Space ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Mixed Effect

Context Coyotes (Canis latrans) have adapted successfully to human landscape alteration in the past 150 years and in recent decades have successfully moved into urban areas. While this causes concern about human–wildlife conflicts, research also suggests that coyotes tend to avoid humans and human activity in urban areas. For improving management, a better understanding of space use by coyotes is needed. Aims To study how coyote social behaviour influences fine-scale space use in urban areas we present results from an extensive, multi-year GPS telemetry study (2005–13). The study area in coastal Rhode Island is a mosaic of rural, suburban and urban land use and coyotes have only recently arrived. Methods We differentiated between two social classes: residents (individuals that have established a territory; n = 24) and transients (individuals that have no territory; n = 7). Space use was analysed using mixed effect models and detailed land-cover data. Key results Coyotes tended to select for agricultural and densely vegetated land cover and against land used for housing and commerce. Pasture and cropland were preferred by residents and avoided by transients, especially at night, indicating the role of agricultural land as prime foraging habitat. Both groups selected densely vegetated land cover for daytime shelter sites. Transients selected for densely vegetated land cover both day and night, indicating use for both shelter and foraging. Resident coyotes avoided high- and medium-density housing more than transients. Conclusions We interpret land-cover selection by resident coyotes as indicative of coyote habitat preference, while transients more often occupied marginal habitats that probably do not reflect their preferences. Differences in land cover selection between residents and transients suggest that transients have a corollary strategy to avoid residents. Implications With cover and food appearing to be important drivers of space use, coexistence strategies can build on controlling food resources as well as on the tendency of coyotes to avoid humans. Nevertheless, transients, having the need to avoid territorial resident coyotes as well, show a reduced aversion to land cover with high human activity, creating a higher potential for human–wildlife conflicts.

scholarly journals Global assessment of rural–urban interface in Portugal related to land cover changes

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1647-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marj Tonini ◽  
Joana Parente ◽  
Mário G. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Burnt Area ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Cover Class

Abstract. The rural–urban interface (RUI), known as the area where structures and other human developments meet or intermingle with wildland and rural area, is at present a central focus of wildfire policy and its mapping is crucial for wildfire management. In the Mediterranean Basin, humans cause the vast majority of fires and fire risk is particularly high in the proximity of infrastructure and of rural/wildland areas. RUI's extension changes under the pressure of environmental and anthropogenic factors, such as urban growth, fragmentation of rural areas, deforestation and, more in general, land use/land cover change (LULCC). As with other Mediterranean countries, Portugal has experienced significant LULCC in the last decades in response to migration, rural abandonment, ageing of population and trends associated with the high socioeconomic development. In the present study, we analyzed the LULCC occurring in this country in the 1990–2012 period with the main objective of investigating how these changes affected RUI's evolution. Moreover, we performed a qualitative and quantitative characterization of burnt areas within the RUI in relation to the observed changes. Obtained results disclose important LULCC and reveal their spatial distribution, which is far from uniform within the territory. A significant increase in artificial surfaces was registered near the main metropolitan communities of the northwest, littoral-central and southern regions, whilst the abandonment of agricultural land near the inland urban areas led to an increase in uncultivated semi-natural and forest areas. Within agricultural areas, heterogeneous patches suffered the greatest changes and were the main contributors to the increase in urban areas; moreover, this land cover class, together with forests, was highly affected by wildfires in terms of burnt area. Finally, from this analysis and during the investigated period, it appears that RUI increased in Portugal by more than two-thirds, while the total burnt area decreased by one-third; nevertheless, burnt area within RUI doubled, which emphasizes the significance of RUI monitoring for land and fire managers.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Land Cover Type on the Water Quality in Lake Tondano Using a SWAT Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moh Sholichin ◽  
Tri Budi Prayogo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Impact

Lake Tondano is the largest natural lake in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, which functions as a provider of clean water, hydroelectric power, rice field irrigation, inland fisheries, and tourism. This research aims to determine the effect of land cover types from the Tondano watershed on the lake water quality. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to evaluate the rate of soil erosion and the pollutant load of various land types in the watershed during the last ten years. Rainfall data is obtained from two rainfall stations, namely Paleloan Station and Noonan Station. The model is calibrated and validated before being used for analysis. We use climatological data from 2014 to 2019. The process of the SWAT model calibration and validation was carried out with the statistical formulas of the coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). The results show that the potential for pollution load from the Tondao watershed is organic N of 0.039 kg/ha and organic P of 0.006 kg/ha coming from the agricultural land. The results of this study conclude that the fertility conditions of Lake Tondano are at the eutrophic level, where the pollutant inflow is collected in the lake waters, especially for the parameters of total N (1503697.44kg/year) and total P (144831.36kg/year). The SWAT simulation results show deviation between the modeling and field data collected with the value of R2 = 0.9303, and the significant level ≤ 10.

scholarly journals The Role Of Management Of The Field-Forest Boundary In Poland’s Process Of Agricultural Restructuring

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciszek Woch ◽  
Robert Borek
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Agricultural Restructuring ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
Forest Boundary

Abstract The aim of the work described here has been to point to the relationships between the field-forest boundary and crop productivity as regards the present agrarian land-use structure in Poland, and to provide new opportunities for arranging the agrarian process and the spatial planning of the rural landscape in the context of the sustainable shaping of the field-forest boundary. Impacts of forests and woodlands on crop productivity have been assessed using available data from relevant Polish literature. An assessment of the plot-distribution pattern characterising farms in Poland was made on the basis of reference data from the Agency for the Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture. Finally, the possibility of afforestation of agricultural land has been evaluated within the existing legal framework, and on the basis of available data, with attention paid to the need to include organization of the field-forest boundary within the comprehensive management and planning of rural areas, and to preserve woody elements in patchy landscapes. This all creates an opportunity to test innovative approaches to integrated land use which combines the creation of public goods and local products based on participatory learning processes that bring in local stakeholders and decision-makers.

scholarly journals Investigation of The Relationships Between Image Spatial Resolution And Landscape Metrics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Sertel ◽  
Raziye Hale Topaloglu ◽  
Beril Varol ◽  
Asli Gul Aksu ◽  
Kubra Bahsi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Aggregation Index ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) maps derived from satellite images are a significant source of geo-information to better understand the current status of landscapes, to analyze the landscape changes, and to develop sustainable decisions for landscape and urban planning. Since the spectral and spatial resolution of satellite images directly impact the LULC classes to be identified and the accuracy of the classification, these will also affect the values of calculated landscape metrics. This research aims to propose the most appropriate functions and features to obtain highly accurate thematically extensive LULC classification results from multi-resolution satellite images and to investigate how the change in spatial resolution of satellite images would affect the landscape metrics values and landscape pattern analysis Sentinel-2, SPOT-7, Pleaides, and Worldview-4 images with respective 10 m, 1.5 m, 0.5 m, and 0.3 m spatial resolution were classified using Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis techniques to create multi-scale LULC maps with the overall classification accuracy values of 66.05%, 85.00%, 91.79%, and 95.71%, respectively. Patch Density, Total Area, Largest Patch Index, Shape Index, Euclidian Nearest Neighbor distance, Aggregation Index, and Shannon's Diversity Index metrics were found to be most appropriate metrics to analyze the impact of spatial resolution on landscape metrics calculations considering the ability of these metrics to capture the spatial details, spatial arrangement, spatial distribution and complexity of shapes of landscape and classes.Landscape metrics results obtained from different LULC maps were compared to analyze the effects of image spatial resolution on different landscape metrics.

scholarly journals Motorway Route Planning with Regarding the Adverse Effects on Agricultural Production Space

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6770
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Dudzińska ◽  
Stanisław Bacior ◽  
Barbara Prus
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Route Planning ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Space Module ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Production Space ◽  
The Impact

Designing and implementing investment projects are activities that have a direct impact on the natural environment and pose a threat to sustainable development of rural areas. The issue of agricultural production space protection during the implementation of linear projects in Poland is often only mentioned at the design stage as the final element. The aim of the study is to propose a tool to enable an assessment and modelling of a motorway design variant in order to minimise the impact on the agricultural production space. Four indicators introduced in the modelling procedure include the loss of agricultural land, a decrease of land productivity in the vicinity of an investment project, changes in the spatial structure of areas divided by the investment, and difficulties resulting from the accessibility of areas. The superiority of the proposed method over consolidations implemented in the vicinity of a motorway is due to the introduction into projects not only of elements organising the space but also attributes that prevent the reduction of the production capabilities of the land located in the vicinity of the motorway (Module I) and, secondly, the elements decreasing the re-organisation of the space (Module II).

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