scholarly journals Early Bird Scheme for Parking Management: How Does Parking Play a Role in the Morning Commute Problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8531
Author(s):  
Zipeng Zhang ◽  
Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Early Bird ◽  
Schedule Coordination ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
Morning Commute ◽  
Bottleneck Capacity ◽  
Parking Pricing

This paper extended the Vickrey’s point-queue model to study the early bird parking mechanism during morning commute peak hours. We not only investigated how commuters choose departure times in view of morning commute traffic congestion and the discounted early bird parking fee, but also analyzed the conditions which are determined for the existence of the user equilibrium in the analysis model provided in this paper. Moreover, the tendency of the total queuing time and the incremental parking pricing revenue was derived along with the different choice strategy between early bird parkers (ERPs) and regular parkers (RPs). The results showed that the number of commuters was jointly determined by the desired time and the bottleneck capacity for different schedules. Additionally, the method of fare incentive showed a better effect on reducing queue than the initial no-incentive method with the instantaneous travel demand. Most importantly, the incremental parking revenue can be increased by properly adjusting the parking pricing gap between ERPs and RPs. Our research not only provided several important propositions for the early bird parking mechanism but also included the optimal solutions for optimal parking pricing and schedule gap in two groups of parkers. This work is expected to promote the development of early bird parking to mitigate morning commute traffic congestion and motivate the related research of schedule coordination for regulating parking choice behavior in morning peak hours.

scholarly journals The Morning Commute Problem with Ridesharing When Meet Stochastic Bottleneck

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6040
Author(s):  
Zipeng Zhang ◽  
Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Property ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Work Pattern ◽  
Schedule Coordination ◽  
Queue Model ◽  
Morning Commute ◽  
Analysis Models

This paper extends Vickrey’s point-queue model to study ridesharing behavior during a morning commute with uncertain bottleneck location. Unlike other ridesharing cost analysis models, there are two congestion cases and four dynamic departure patterns in our model: pre-pickup congestion case and post-pickup congestion case; both early pattern, both late pattern, late for pickup but early for work pattern, and early for pickup but late for work pattern. Analytical results indicate that the dynamic property of the mixed commuters equilibrium varies with the endogenous penetration rates associated with ridesharing commutes, as well as the schedule difference between pickup and work. This work is expected to promote the development of ridesharing to mitigate the traffic congestion and motivate related research of schedule coordination for regulating the ridesharing travel behavior in terms of the morning commute problem.

scholarly journals A Stochastic User Equilibrium Model Under Traffic Rationing Based on Mode Shifting Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5433
Author(s):  
Xueyan Wei ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Weijie Yu ◽  
Xuedong Hua ◽  
Yun Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
License Plate ◽  
Stochastic User Equilibrium ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Reasonable Approach

As a countermeasure to urban exhaust pollution and traffic congestion, traffic restriction based on the last digit of license plate numbers has been widely introduced throughout the world. However, the effect of traffic restriction is weakened as it causes the long-distance detour of restricted travel modes and induces travel demand to shift to unrestricted travel modes. To consider detour and shift of traffic demand caused by traffic restriction, we propose a stochastic user equilibrium model under traffic rationing based on mode shifting rate and the corresponding solution algorithm. A case study is conducted to verify the effectiveness of proposed model and algorithm. Main findings of numerical experiments include: (1) Compared with traditional stochastic user equilibrium model, the temporary traffic demand shift caused by long-distance detour are well considered in proposed model. (2) Sensitivity analysis of the consumption parameters used in the proposed model shows that, the involved cost parameters have different effectiveness on the mode shifting rate. This study provides a reasonable relaxation of the intensively used assumption, that all restricted vehicles outside the restricted district will detour in traffic rationing research, and provides a reasonable approach to evaluate the change of link flow and the beneficial effectiveness on the sustainability of traffic environment after implementation of traffic restriction policy.

scholarly journals Congestion Behavior under Uncertainty on Morning Commute with Preferred Arrival Time Interval

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
LingLing Xiao ◽  
Ronghui Liu ◽  
HaiJun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Arrival Time ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Work Schedule ◽  
Schedule Delay ◽  
Departure Time ◽  
Morning Commute ◽  
Bottleneck Capacity

This paper extends the bottleneck model to study congestion behavior of morning commute with flexible work schedule. The proposed model assumes a stochastic bottleneck capacity which follows a uniform distribution and homogeneous commuters who have the same preferred arrival time interval. The commuters are fully aware of the stochastic properties of travel time and schedule delay distributions at all departure times that emerge from day-to-day capacity variations. The commuters’ departure time choice follows user equilibrium (UE) principle in terms of the expected trip cost. Analytical and numerical solutions of this model are provided. The equilibrium departure time patterns are examined which show that the stochastic capacity increases the mean trip cost and lengthens the rush hour. The adoption of flexitime results in less congestion and more efficient use of bottleneck capacity than fixed-time work schedule. The longer the flexi-time interval is, the more uniformly distributed the departure times are.

scholarly journals Parking Management Efficiency Analysis through Various Charge Schemes for Day-Long Commuting considering Elastic Travel Demand

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Chaowu Tan ◽  
Zhigang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
Pricing Scheme ◽  
The Social ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
Morning Commute ◽  
Social Surplus ◽  
Pricing Schemes

In this paper, we investigate the travel pattern of the day-long commuting in a bisection bottleneck network and the efficiency of pricing schemes with elastic travel demand. We extend the Vickrey model to morning and evening commutes and allow commuters to arrive at workplace late and depart from workplace early. The parking searching time is considered in the morning commute. Next, we derive the independent morning and evening commuting travel patterns without road toll and parking fee. Then, we propose three pricing regimes: duration dependent parking fees; optimal time-varying road tolls; optimal time-varying road tolls with duration dependent parking fees. We compare the efficiency of the four schemes with elastic demand. Theoretical analysis and the numerical examples show that optimal time-varying road toll is the most efficient pricing scheme. Charging a duration dependent fee neither improves nor deteriorates the scheme of time-varying road toll, if the toll rates are appropriately set. The regime of duration dependent parking fee only is less efficient than the regime of independent morning and evening commuting travel patterns without road toll and parking fee. In the regime of duration dependent parking fee, the social surplus decreases with the increase of duration dependent parking fee rate.

A prediction model for atmospheric pollution reduction from urban traffic

2021 ◽  
pp. 239980832110057
Author(s):  
Abdelfettah Laouzai ◽  
Rachid Ouafi
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Suggested Technique ◽  
The Common ◽  
Additional Constraints

In order to reduce the atmospheric pollution in urban areas, an enhanced approach is proposed in this paper for the traffic congestion analysis. The approach is formulated as bi-level optimization program considering additional constraints in the traffic assignment problem. To respect the required eco-friendly threshold constraint, the travel demand between several origin–destination pairs was categorized in two classes: old polluting cars and modern (less) nonpolluting cars. The validity of the formulation was verified by optimality conditions. Two network examples are discussed to explain the properties and advantages of the suggested technique. It is found that for the both examples, the proposed optimal solution displays better results as compared to the common user equilibrium route choice policies. As a result, the enhanced approach leads to traffic network congestion relief with minimum air pollution and maximum use of routes network.

Impact of hourly parking pricing on travel demand

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 28-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Nourinejad ◽  
Matthew J. Roorda
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Parking Pricing

scholarly journals HOW TRAVEL DEMAND AFFECTS DETECTION OF NON-RECURRENT TRAFFIC CONGESTION ON URBAN ROAD NETWORKS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B2 ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Anbaroglu ◽  
B. Heydecker ◽  
T. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Time Estimates ◽  
Congestion Detection

Occurrence of non-recurrent traffic congestion hinders the economic activity of a city, as travellers could miss appointments or be late for work or important meetings. Similarly, for shippers, unexpected delays may disrupt just-in-time delivery and manufacturing processes, which could lose them payment. Consequently, research on non-recurrent congestion detection on urban road networks has recently gained attention. By analysing large amounts of traffic data collected on a daily basis, traffic operation centres can improve their methods to detect non-recurrent congestion rapidly and then revise their existing plans to mitigate its effects. Space-time clusters of high link journey time estimates correspond to non-recurrent congestion events. Existing research, however, has not considered the effect of travel demand on the effectiveness of non-recurrent congestion detection methods. Therefore, this paper investigates how travel demand affects detection of non-recurrent traffic congestion detection on urban road networks. Travel demand has been classified into three categories as low, normal and high. The experiments are carried out on London’s urban road network, and the results demonstrate the necessity to adjust the relative importance of the component evaluation criteria depending on the travel demand level.

Analytical Modeling of Driver-Guidance Schemes with Flow Variability Considerations

2000 ◽  
Vol 1717 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isam Kaysi ◽  
Nadine Hage Ali
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Route Guidance ◽  
Traveler Information ◽  
Predictive Information ◽  
Flow Variability ◽  
Traveler Information Systems ◽  
Alternate Routes

The role that advanced traveler information systems (ATISs) are likely to play in alleviating traffic congestion is explored. The impacts of and benefits from traveler guidance systems that are based on instantaneous as well as predictive information are assessed by developing an analytical formulation for a simple prototypical network. Previous research introducing day-to-day flow variability with both compliance and market-penetration considerations is reviewed, and the case in which traffic flow varies within the day is developed. Two strategies for determining route-guidance directives are considered in the case of predictive information. Also, the integration of ATIS and traffic control through open-loop coordination measures is introduced, with the objective of finding the optimal signal control to maintain user equilibrium on alternate routes. The superiority of predictive information in maintaining guidance validity and mitigating the potential adverse impacts of information is demonstrated.

scholarly journals A Traffic Restriction Scheme for Enhancing Carpooling

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Ding ◽  
Bin Shuai
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
User Equilibrium ◽  
Bilevel Program ◽  
Traffic System ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Simple Network

For the purpose of alleviating traffic congestion, this paper proposes a scheme to encourage travelers to carpool by traffic restriction. By a variational inequity we describe travelers’ mode (solo driving and carpooling) and route choice under user equilibrium principle in the context of fixed demand and detect the performance of a simple network with various restriction links, restriction proportions, and carpooling costs. Then the optimal traffic restriction scheme aiming at minimal total travel cost is designed through a bilevel program and applied to a Sioux Fall network example with genetic algorithm. According to various requirements, optimal restriction regions and proportions for restricted automobiles are captured. From the results it is found that traffic restriction scheme is possible to enhance carpooling and alleviate congestion. However, higher carpooling demand is not always helpful to the whole network. The topology of network, OD demand, and carpooling cost are included in the factors influencing the performance of the traffic system.

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