scholarly journals Tourism and Road Transport Emissions in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12712
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Betta ◽  
Barbara Dattilo ◽  
Enrico di Bella ◽  
Giovanni Finocchiaro ◽  
Silvia Iaccarino
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
European Economies ◽  
Transport Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Official Data

Tourism is of great importance to European economies, but environmental degradation could reduce the attractiveness of many European destinations considerably. This is even more evident if the future of tourism is depicted in the UN’s Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development. However, official statistics on the environmental impact of tourism provide only partial information, and almost always with an “accounting scheme” approach, such as occasional and experimental experiences on integrated economic and environmental accounts of tourism. It is necessary to enrich the activity of monitoring and measuring the impact of tourism on the environment and implement policies aimed at increasing the sustainability of the sector. This work intends to contribute to extending information about the theme, providing a new approach based on the integration of official data to study the relationship between tourism and the environment. In detail, the objective of the work is to estimate the level of emissions—in terms of the primary air pollutants—produced by tourists travelling in Italy by road transport in the period 2015–2019. Even if much has to be done to improve the knowledge on the tourism–environment nexus, this paper represents a first relevant step towards an approach that can be easily implemented in all EU countries.

scholarly journals The modification effect of temperature on the relationship between air pollutants and daily incidence of influenza in Ningbo, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Yujie Meng ◽  
Hejia Song ◽  
Ran Niu ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Modification Effect ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Although exposure to air pollution has been linked to many health issues, few studies have quantified the modification effect of temperature on the relationship between air pollutants and daily incidence of influenza in Ningbo, China. Methods The data of daily incidence of influenza and the relevant meteorological data and air pollution data in Ningbo from 2014 to 2017 were retrieved. Low, medium and high temperature layers were stratified by the daily mean temperature with 25th and 75th percentiles. The potential modification effect of temperature on the relationship between air pollutants and daily incidence of influenza in Ningbo was investigated through analyzing the effects of air pollutants stratified by temperature stratum using distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM). Stratified analysis by sex and age were also conducted. Results Overall, a 10 μg/m3 increment of O3, PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 could increase the incidence risk of influenza with the cumulative relative risk of 1.028 (95% CI 1.007, 1.050), 1.061 (95% CI 1.004, 1.122), 1.043 (95% CI 1.003, 1.085), and 1.118 (95% CI 1.028, 1.216), respectively. Male and aged 7–17 years were more sensitive to air pollutants. Through the temperature stratification analysis, we found that temperature could modify the impacts of air pollution on daily incidence of influenza with high temperature exacerbating the impact of air pollutants. At high temperature layer, male and the groups aged 0–6 years and 18–64 years were more sensitive to air pollution. Conclusion Temperature modified the relationship between air pollution and daily incidence of influenza and high temperature would exacerbate the effects of air pollutants in Ningbo.

Study on Corner Contact Shock of Gear Transmission by ADAMS Software

2015 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
Li He ◽  
Jin Yuan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Impact Force ◽  
Ansys Software ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Adams Software ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Key Parameter

Solving gear meshing impact force problems by using ADAMS software is studied.A pair of tooth meshing model is established based on UG, modal neutral file is generated by using ANSYS software, calculating gear meshing impact after Importing ADAMS. The relationship between the impact velocity and the impact force by taking reasonable key parameter about penetration depth in ADAMS simulation.A new approach for studying gear meshing impact is proposed here, and the simulation results show that ADAMS software is a very useful tool for solving gear corner contact shock problems outside the normal path of action line.

scholarly journals The impact of road transport emissions on air quality in Brăila, Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Carmelia Mariana Dragomir Balanica ◽  
Ciprian Cuzmin ◽  
Cecilia Serban ◽  
Cristian Muntenita
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Individual Mobility ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Transport Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Road transport, including accessibility and individual mobility is considered unanimously as a fundamental element of contemporary living. The study area is considering Braila County with a total population of around over 305,000. The area it is well served by 6 national roads, 27 county roads and 42 communal roads and contains some of the most heavily trafficked stretches of road in the Romania. The emissions analysed in this study CH4, CO, CO2, N2O, NH3, NOx, PM2.5 and PM10, were collected by the Agency for Environmental Protection Braila during 2015-2019 based on questionnaires according to EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook. The highest level of pollutant emissions was recorded in 2017, more exactly 191714,5 Megatons. In this article we analysed five categories of pollution sources: Passenger car, Light commercial trucks, Heavy-duty vehicles, Motorcycles and Non - Road vehicles and other mobile equipment. With the exception of CO2, N2O and NH3, pollutant emissions decreased for the eight pollutants analysed.

The applying of machine learning methods to improve the quality of well casing

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
D. V. Shalyapin ◽  
D. L. Bakirov ◽  
M. M. Fattakhov ◽  
A. D. Shalyapina ◽  
A. V. Melekhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Large Data Sets ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The article is devoted to the quality of well casing at the Pyakyakhinskoye oil and gas condensate field. The issue of improving the quality of well casing is associated with many problems, for example, a large amount of work on finding the relationship between laboratory studies and actual data from the field; the difficulty of finding logically determined relationships between the parameters and the final quality of well casing. The text gives valuable information on a new approach to assessing the impact of various parameters, based on a mathematical apparatus that excludes subjective expert assessments, which in the future will allow applying this method to deposits with different rock and geological conditions. We propose using the principles of mathematical processing of large data sets applying neural networks trained to predict the characteristics of the quality of well casing (continuity of contact of cement with the rock and with the casing). Taking into account the previously identified factors, we developed solutions to improve the tightness of the well casing and the adhesion of cement to the limiting surfaces.

scholarly journals Ambient air pollutants and hospital visits for pneumonia: A case-crossover study in Qingdao, China.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Zhang ◽  
Dunqiang Ren ◽  
Xue Cao ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Xue Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Study ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Pneumonia is one of the principal reasons for incidence and death in the world. The former research mainly concentrated on specific sources of patients. Besides, due to the heterogeneity among regions, there are inconsistencies in the outcome of these surveys. To explore the relationship between atmospheric pollution and hospital visits for pneumonia under the climate and pollution conditions in Qingdao, we carried out this study.Methods: The medical records of pneumonia patients were gathered from the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University during Jan 1st, 2014, and Dec 31st,2018. Daily concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, as well as CO, were collected from the national air quality monitoring stations in Qingdao. Case-crossover study design and conditional logistic regression model were used to estimate the associations. Daily temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure were adjusted as the covariates in all models. A principal component analysis was used to solve the multicollinearity between atmospheric pollutants and investigate the relationship between various air pollutants and pneumonia occurs.Results: In the single pollutant model, with interquartile range increment of the density of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NO2 at the lag2 days, the odds ratio of hospital visits for pneumonia patients increased by 6.4% (95%CI, 2.3-10.7%), 7.7% (95%CI, 3.2-12.4%), 6.7% (95%CI, 1.0-12.7%), and 7.2% (95%CI, 1.1-13.5%). Stratified analysis showed that pollutants were more significant in the cold period. Besides, the impact of atmospheric particulates on different ages mainly occurs in the young child (0 to 3-year-old). The odds ratio was 1.042 (95%CI, 1.012-1.072) when the principal components of atmospheric pollutants were included in the conditional logistic model.Conclusions: Our study found a significant relationship between short-term uncovering to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and hospital visits for pneumonia in Qingdao. The effect of atmospheric pollutants mainly arose in a cold period. The particulate matter might be the principal reason in inducing hospital visits for pneumonia.

scholarly journals Ambient air pollutants and hospital visits for pneumonia: A case-crossover study in Qingdao, China.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Zhang ◽  
Dunqiang Ren ◽  
Xue Cao ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Xue Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Study ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Pneumonia is one of the principal reasons for incidence and death in the world. The former research mainly concentrated on specific sources of patients. Besides, due to the heterogeneity among regions, there are inconsistencies in the outcome of these surveys. To explore the significance of the relationship between atmospheric pollution and hospital visits for pneumonia under the climate and pollution conditions in Qingdao, we carried out this study.Methods: The medical records of pneumonia patients were gathered from the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University during Jan 1st, 2014, and Dec 31st,2018. Daily concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, as well as CO, were collected from the national air quality monitoring stations in Qingdao. A case-crossover study design and conditional logistic regression model were used to estimate the associations. Daily temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure were adjusted as the covariates in all models. A principal component analysis was used to solve the multicollinearity between atmospheric pollutants and investigate the relationship between various air pollutants and pneumonia occurs.Results: In the single pollutant model, with interquartile range increment of the density of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NO2 at the lag2 days, the odds ratio of hospital visits for pneumonia patients increased by 6.4% (95%CI, 2.3-10.7%), 7.7% (95%CI, 3.2-12.4%), 6.7% (95%CI, 1.0-12.7%), and 7.2% (95%CI, 1.1-13.5%). Stratified analysis showed that pollutants were more significant in the cold period. Besides, the impact of atmospheric particulates on different ages mainly occurs in the young child (0 to 3-year-old). The odds ratio was 1.042 (95%CI, 1.2-7.2%) when the principal components of atmospheric pollutants were included in the conditional logistic model.Conclusion: Our study found a significant relationship between short-term uncovering to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and hospital visits for pneumonia in Qingdao. The effect of atmospheric pollutants mainly arose in a cold period. The particulate matter might be the principal reason in inducing hospital visits for pneumonia.

Impact of air pollution in Mymensingh city of Bangladesh: focusing peoples’ perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-163
Author(s):  
MA Mondol ◽  
M Hossain ◽  
S Sultana ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
P Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Educational Qualification ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of air pollution in some selected areas of Mymensingh city. The relationship between independent variables (age, educational qualification, family size and communication exposure) with the basic idea and impact of air pollution (dependent variable) was investigated in this study. To conduct the study, two hundred (200) respondents were selected randomly from four study sites under Mymensingh city. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients were analyzed to examine the relationship between the concerned variables. The findings revealed that 87.5% people have basic idea and 12.5% people have no idea about air pollution. About half (46%) of the peoples had high impact, 34% had medium and 20% had low impact because of air pollution. Out of four independent variables, three variables such as educational qualification and communication exposure had positive and significant relationship, age had negative but significant relationship and family size had non-significant relationship with their perception and awareness of air pollution. Further assessment on different air pollutants in the study area may explore the original status of air pollution and their impact on environment as well as on livelihood. Progressive Agriculture 31 (3): 154-163, 2020

scholarly journals Striving for influence

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silje Synnøve Lyder Hermansen
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Candidate Selection ◽  
Past Performance ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parliamentary Politics

I consider how asymmetric information between the party selectorate and members of Parliament affects the renomination of incumbent candidates. By applying an adverse selection model, I argue that the selectorate looks to past performance to select candidates it expects will gain influence. However, the impact of performance varies according to the need for and availability of information. The European Parliament (EP) provides a most-likely case for information asymmetry. Studying three elections in 11 member states, I find that the allocation of influential positions in office improves chances of reselection. The effect increases when the allocation is more selective, and when the prior uncertainty around candidacies is high. The study thus proposes a new approach to the relationship between national parties and transnational groups in the EP. It also suggests venues for research on parliamentary politics and candidate selection in general.

scholarly journals Economic Crisis and Corruption in the European Union

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaiela Ristei Gugiu ◽  
P. Cristian Gugiu
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Multilevel Sem ◽  
European Economies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Significant Attention

Although significant attention has been paid to the impact of the recent economic crisis on European economies, less attention has been devoted to the association between the economic crisis and corruption. Utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM), the present study investigated the structural relationship between the economic crisis and perceptions of corruption in the European Union. Standard and multilevel SEM was used to estimate the relationship between the economic crisis and perceptions of corruption utilizing data from the 2011 Eurobarometer. The results confirmed the hypothesized model. Specifically, the study found a moderately strong direct positive relationship between the economic crisis and perceptions of corruption. The results indicated that a one-size-fits-all policy aimed at combating corruption, or perceptions thereof, is likely to yield inconsistent results.

scholarly journals Ambient air pollutants and hospital visits for pneumonia: a case-crossover study in Qingdao, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhong Zhang ◽  
Dunqiang Ren ◽  
Xue Cao ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Xue Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Study ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Cold Period ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Hospital Visits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Pneumonia is one of the principal reasons for incidence and death in the world. The former research mainly concentrated on specific sources of patients. Besides, due to the heterogeneity among regions, there are inconsistencies in the outcome of these surveys. To explore the relationship between atmospheric pollution and hospital visits for pneumonia under the climate and pollution conditions in Qingdao, we carried out this study. Methods The medical records of pneumonia patients were gathered from the affiliated hospital of Qingdao University during Jan 1st, 2014, and Dec 31st,2018. Daily concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, as well as CO, were collected from the national air quality monitoring stations in Qingdao. Case-crossover study design and conditional logistic regression model were used to estimate the associations. Daily temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure were adjusted as the covariates in all models. A principal component analysis was used to solve the multicollinearity between atmospheric pollutants and investigate the relationship between various air pollutants and pneumonia occurs. Results In the single pollutant model, with interquartile range increment of the density of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 at the lag2 days, the odds ratio of hospital visits for pneumonia patients increased by 6.4% (95%CI, 2.3–10.7%), 7.7% (95%CI, 3.2–12.4%), 6.7% (95%CI, 1.0–12.7%), and 7.2% (95%CI, 1.1–13.5%). Stratified analysis showed that pollutants were more significant in the cold period. Besides, the impact of atmospheric particulates on different ages mainly occurs in the young child (0 to 3-year-old). The odds ratio was 1.042 (95%CI, 1.012–1.072) when the principal components of atmospheric pollutants were included in the conditional logistic model. Conclusions Our study found a significant relationship between short-term uncovering to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and hospital visits for pneumonia in Qingdao. The effect of atmospheric pollutants mainly arose in a cold period. The particulate matter might be the principal reason in inducing hospital visits for pneumonia.

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