scholarly journals Highlighting the Drivers of Italian Diversified Farms Efficiency: A Two-Stage DEA-Panel Tobit Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 12949
Author(s):  
Luca Romagnoli ◽  
Vincenzo Giaccio ◽  
Luigi Mastronardi ◽  
Maria Bonaventura Forleo
Keyword(s):  
Second Step ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Farm Diversification ◽  
Tobit Analysis ◽  
Efficiency Performance ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
Tobit Regression Analysis

Farm diversification is an important phenomenon in agricultural systems and rural development in Europe, pursuing economic, social and environmental goals. For the sustainability of diversified farms, it is important to analyse some drivers affecting farm efficiency, for instance, socio-economic, technical and policy drivers. The efficiency performance of a panel of Italian farms practising other gainful activities in the period 2012–2017 was investigated and regressed against the drivers that mostly affects farm performances. FADN data and a two-step approach were used. An output-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis was applied; in the second step, efficiency scores were used as a dependent variable in a panel Tobit regression analysis used to determine differences in the significance of drivers. Social, economic, technical and policy drivers were considered as explanatory variables. Results show margins for improving farms performances. The incidence of the output from other gainful activities has been proven to positively affect farms efficiencies, while intermediate costs are the most negatively impacting factor. As regards policy variables and implications, the significance of localization in mountain disadvantaged territories further supports the relevance of EU subsidies in less-favoured areas. Managerial implications in terms of technical, structural and economic indicators can be drawn from study findings.

scholarly journals Appraising healthcare systems’ efficiency in facing COVID-19 through data envelopment analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-310
Author(s):  
Nahia Mourad ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Habib ◽  
Assem Tharwat
Keyword(s):  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Tobit Analysis ◽  
Dea Models ◽  
Tobit Regression Analysis

The healthcare system is a vital element for any community, as it extremely affects the socio-economic development of any country. The current study aims to assess the performance of the healthcare systems of the countries above fifty million citizens in facing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic since late December 2019. For this purpose, seven scenarios were adopted via the DEA methodology with six variables, which are the number of medical practitioners (doctors and nurses), hospital beds, Conducted Covid-19 tests, affected cases, recovered cases, and death cases. To shed light on the relative efficiency of drivers, the Tobit analysis was used. Besides, the study carried out various statistical tests for the DEA models' findings to validate the choice of the variables and the obtained scores. The DEA results reveal that less than half of the considered countries are relatively efficient. Moreover, the Tobit regression analysis showed that the main impact on the efficiency scores was due to the number of affected and recovered cases. Finally, the results of the tests of Spearman, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis H indicate the internal validity and robustness of the chosen DEA models. The current study findings raise important implications, which can be helpful for decision makers regarding continuous improvement of performance, in which the findings assert the importance of achieving the best practices regarding relative efficiency through the linkage between the healthcare systems’ resources, and the needed outputs.

scholarly journals Determinants of Cost Efficiency of Takaful and Conventional Insurance Firms of Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-340
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abbas ◽  
Allah Bakhsh Khan ◽  
Salman Abbasi ◽  
Zeeshan Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Equity Capital ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Efficiency Performance ◽  
Dea Efficiency ◽  
Insurance Firms ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Tobit Regression Analysis

This study investigates the Efficiency Performance of Takaful and Conventional Insurance Firms of Pakistan in terms of Cost, Allocative and Technical efficiencies for the period of 2010-2015. Six years panel data of Takaful and listed Conventional Insurance Firms of Pakistan is taken under consideration. The Methodology of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used in order to estimate efficiencies scores. Furthermore, Tobit Regression Analysis is carried out for determination of the real contributors of efficiencies in Insurance and takaful Industry of Pakistan. In Data Envelopment Analysis, Labor, Total Fixed Assets and Total Equity Capital are used as input variables. Simultaneously, the price variables are used along with input variables such as Price of Labor, Price of Total Fixed Assets and Price of Total Equity Capital. The output variables include Invested Assets, Investment Incomes and Net Premiums. In second Stage Analysis (i.e. Tobit regression), DEA efficiency scores are used as dependent variable, whereas Age, Size, and Leverage are used as independent variables along with the dummy for conventional and Takaful firms of Pakistan. This study found that Takaful and insurance firms have been operating on almost equal efficiency levels. Furthermore LEVERAGE is the main contributor for efficiency optimization, followed by the firm SIZE, whereas, firm’s AGE has no contribution in efficiency scores.

scholarly journals The Determinant of Banking Efficiency in Indonesia (DEA Approach)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Putri Zanufa Sari ◽  
Erwin Saraswati
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Foreign Banks ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Banking Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Performance ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Government

<p>This research is aimed to analyze efficiency performance in banking industries in Indonesia within 2012-2014 period. Data Envelopment Analysis method was used to find determinant in Tobit regression model. Purposive sampling was used to determine samples with the number of companies up to 89 banks consist of 5 different groups. Those are 26 state and local government own enterprises, 6 foreign banks, 11 mixed banks, 19 BUSN Devisa, 27 BUSN non Devisa. Based on analysis result, obtained that the foreign banks has the efficiency the highest compared to a group of banks BUMN/BUMD ( the government banks), BUSN non-foreign exchange , BUSN foreign exchange , and a group of banks a mixture. Efficiency in banking influenced by return on assets (ROA). The higher roa will be able to improve the efficiency banks in indonesia .</p><strong>Keywords:</strong> DEA, Tobit, ROA, CAR, NPL

scholarly journals Does Reduction of Material and Energy Consumption Affect to Innovation Efficiency? The Case of Manufacturing Industry in South Korea

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeho Shin ◽  
Changhee Kim ◽  
Hongsuk Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Industry Type ◽  
Show Difference ◽  
Tobit Regression Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

“Reduction of material and energy consumption” (RMEC) exists as a major objective of innovation and it is proved to affect positively to innovation performance from previous literature. Though innovation should be measured in efficiency rather than performance itself, however, the relationship between material and energy reduction on innovation efficiency is still unanswered. In this paper, we analyzed the effect of RMEC on innovation efficiency considering both innovation inputs and outputs. We utilized data of 388 manufacturing enterprises in Korea, and performed data envelopment analysis (DEA) and tobit regression analysis. According to the result, firms show difference by industry type in terms of innovation efficiency and RMEC. Moreover, the effect of RMEC on innovation efficiency turned out to be negative. The result indicates a possibility that input used for innovation might overweigh the output yielded when firms pursue innovation for the RMEC.

scholarly journals Effects of Input Composition on Technical Efficiencies of Textile Industries in Pakistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-130
Author(s):  
Tariq Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Tobit Analysis ◽  
Positive Effect

This paper studies the technical efficiencies of the textile manufacturing industries in Pakistan using 5-digit level industry data. Technical efficiencies are computed by the Data Envelopment Analysis technique assuming constant as well as variable returns to scale. The efficiency scores thus obtained are analysed by the TOBIT regression technique to determine how input composition influences these efficiency scores. It is found that imported raw material and machinery exercises a positive effect, whereas non-industrial costs affect technical efficiencies in a negative way. Electricity does not play its due role in affecting technical efficiencies. JEL Classification: C24, D24, L6, O14 Keywords: Technical Efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis, TOBIT Analysis, Manufacturing Industries

scholarly journals DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS OF RUBBER SMALLHOLDERS: BCC AND CCR MODELS AND BOOTSTRAPPING TECHNIQUE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-368
Author(s):  
A. ALIYU ◽  
K. BELLO
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Tobit Regression Analysis ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale

The present study examined the economic efficiency of rubber smallholders in Peninsular Malaysia in a disaggregated form using Banker Charnes and Cooper (BCC) and Charnes Cooper and Rhodes (CCR) models of data envelopment analysis (DEA) as well as their respective bootstrap techniques. Multistage data collection was employed on 327 smallholders among 5 districts of Negeri Sembilan state. However, only 307 observations were used in computing inferential statistics, because the young-age category has been removed. The districts include Seremban, Tampin, Rembau, Kuala Pilah and Jempol. The results revealed that, the mean technical efficiency (TE) under variable returns to scale (VRS) and constant returns to scale (CRS) were 0.95, 0.97 0.96 and 0.45, 0.61, 0.33 for the all-age, matured-age and old-age crops respectively. The findings of the result also disclosed that naïve DEA has higher mean scores than bootstrapped-DEA, thus indicating the presence of bias in the former and absence of bias in the later. Also, the efficiency determinants under VRS and CRS as well as their respective bias-corrected (BC) efficiency scores were also analyzed using Tobit regression analysis against the 15 socio-demographic factors. It was found out that critical factors, common to all the age-categories, include educational level, tapping system and marital status under VRS and BC-VRS assumptions, while under CRS and BC-CRS assumptions include race, tapping system, marital status and farm’s distance. Therefore, education of smallholders should be given more attention to increase efficiency.  The study finally recommends that the traditional concept of computing efficiency or productivity of rubber and other perennial crops in an aggregated form should be complemented with the disaggregated form as this eliminates any bias and gives meaningful results. Improved methods such as bootstrapping should also be used as this only gives what is called bias-corrected efficiency scores. Regarding the determinants, factors such as education, tapping system and farm distance should be given more emphasis.

scholarly journals Technical Efficiency in Public Hospitals in Kenya: A Two –Stage Data Envelopment Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Francis Kimani Mwihia ◽  
James Machoki M’ Imunya ◽  
Germano Mwabu ◽  
Urbanus M. Kioko ◽  
Benson B. A. Estambale
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Hospital Variation ◽  
Dea Analysis ◽  
Tobit Regression Analysis

The paper uses the DEA technique to estimate efficiency scores in Kenyan public hospitals and then applies the Tobit regression to study inter-hospital variation in the scores. The DEA analysis reveals that small hospitals are more efficient than large hospitals, with efficiency levels ranging from 74-91% in small DMUs and from 57-78% in large DMUs. Tobit regression analysis shows efficiency scores are negatively correlated with the hospital’s distance from the manager’s residence and from the capital city. Internal and external supervisions are suggested as mechanisms for increasing performance of hospitals.

scholarly journals Efficiency Analysis of East Asian Zinc Smelters and the Effects of Capacity and Bonus Zinc on Efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Park ◽  
Daecheol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Iron Aluminum ◽  
Tobit Regression Analysis ◽  
Constant Returns To Scale ◽  
Variable Returns To Scale

Non-ferrous metals are widely used as basic materials in various industrial fields, and zinc is a metal that is produced and used next to iron, aluminum, and copper. In this study, DEA (data envelopment analysis) was applied to measure the efficiency of 43 zinc smelters in three countries in East Asia: Korea, China, and Japan. The constant returns to scale (CRS) and the variable returns to scale (VRS) models, and the slack-based measure (SBM) were used for the analysis. As a result of the efficiency analysis, there were three efficient zinc smelters in the CRS model, 14 in the VRS model and 14 in the SBM. The average efficiency was 0.458 based on the SBM, which indicates that there is room for improvement in efficiency. In addition, the average scale efficiency value was 0.689, showing the scale to be inefficient. Therefore, it can be seen that the labor cost and the energy cost must be brought to an appropriate level. The Tobit regression analysis was used to analyze the causes of efficiency. The greater the capacity and the larger amount of bonus Zn of the refinery, the higher the efficiency of the refinery.

Benchmarking aircraft maintenance performances using data envelopment analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas O'Neal ◽  
Hokey Min ◽  
Daniel Cherobini ◽  
Seong-Jong Joo
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Aircraft Maintenance ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Comparative Efficiency ◽  
Tobit Regression Analysis ◽  
Maintenance Performance

PurposeThe authors employed the three different versions (Charnes–Cooper–Rhodes, Banker–Charnes–Cooper and slack-based measure of efficiency) of data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the comparative efficiency/inefficiency of aircraft maintenance performance during the previous 41 months in United States Air Force (USAF). As a complimentary tool, the authors also adopted Tobit regression analysis to identify factors affecting efficiencies and inefficiencies.Design/methodology/approachThis paper aims to measure the relative efficiency of maintenance performances for a type of USAF aircraft in an effort to enhance aviation safety and combat readiness.FindingsThrough this study, the authors have two noteworthy findings. These are (1) an increased number of “cannibalization” (extracting necessary parts from the existing aircraft) practices tended to reduce maintenance efficiency; (2) The number of mission-capable aircraft turned out to be the most important factor for maintenance performance efficiency.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the first studies on aircraft maintenance that considered popular but neglected cannibalization practices as a new variable for assessing the maintenance efficiency. In addition, this paper is one of the few studies that performed a post-ad hoc analysis as a follow-up to DEA analysis.

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