scholarly journals Persufflation—Current State of Play

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-378
Author(s):  
Aaron John Buhagiar ◽  
Leo Freitas ◽  
William E. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Gaseous Oxygen ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Current State ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Organ Quality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Organ Tissue ◽  
Oxygen Perfusion ◽  
To Receive

With the ever-increasing disparity between the number of patients waiting for organ transplants and the number organs available, some patients are unable to receive life-saving transplantation in time. The present, widely-used form of preservation is proving to be incapable of maintaining organ quality during long periods of preservation and meeting the needs of an ever-changing legislative and transplantation landscape. This has led to the need for improved preservation techniques. One such technique that has been extensively researched is gaseous oxygen perfusion or Persufflation (PSF). This method discovered in the early 20th century has shown promise in providing both longer term preservation and organ reconditioning capabilities for multiple organs including the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. PSF utilises the organs own vascular network to provide oxygen to the organ tissue and maintain metabolism during preservation to avoid hypoxic damage. This review delves into the history of this technique, its multiple different approaches and uses, as well as in-depth discussion of work published in the past 15 years. Finally, we discuss exciting commercial developments which may help unlock the potential for this technique to be applied at scale.

scholarly journals Means to support the object traces in the conceptual modeling systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.5) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
L. Yu. Ismailova ◽  
S. V. Kosikov ◽  
V. E. Wolfengagen ◽  
J. V. Mazurova
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Intensional Logic ◽  
Current State ◽  
Modeling Systems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Computational Systems ◽  
To Receive

The paper considers the problem of conceptual modeling of the domains, in which a large number of changes takes place, possesses a number of specific features. Some of the features are connected to the nature of the ongoing changes. The problem becomes severe when the domain contains a large quantity of independently acting agents that can produce changes in various parts of the model, the sets of interrelated data being changed by different agents independently.Besides that, when supporting the dynamic nature models the possibilities of future changes in model objects might largely be deter- mined not only by their current state, but also by the past state - history of the objects in the model. The support to such history inside the current state of the object can be difficult, cumbersome or impractical for other reasons, which also stimulates the search for new ap- proaches to ensure the map of the changes of objects in the domain model.It is offered to receive the decision by single out the individual information identities, that can be called state trajectories from the con- ceptual point of view and object traces from the implementation point of view. They represent a sequence of changes in the state of mod- el objects essential for its support. The traces can fix not all changes of the corresponding objects, but only those which have an influence on the further behavior of the model. Various ways of supporting of traces are considered. The paper presents an approach to the deter- mination and the support to the traces, based on using a combination of methods of the intensional logic and applicative computational systems. 

Poisoning

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Acute Overdose ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gcs Score ◽  
The Uk

EDs in the UK see a significant number of patients (347 per 100 000/year and ever-increasing) with acute overdose of drugs. Most of them are ingested orally, but other modes of intake can be used, such as IV and nasal. Sometimes it is not uncommon to see a patient presenting themselves to the ED feeling unwell after having ingested packets of Class I drugs to transport across continents. Another group of patients include those who present themselves after self-harming with a knife or blade on their wrists, arms, abdomen, or other parts of the body. These patients may have a previous history of drug overdose. Management of situations such as those described above requires both a generalized approach and specific actions against each drug involved. The common antidotes are covered in this chapter and advice is available in all EDs through the NPIS (<WEB>www.toxbase.org) to deal with such emergencies, particularly with the treatments of unusual poisons. I encourage all the junior doctors to use the website for all the poison cases presenting to the ED to help build up confidence while treating them. Readers should note though that the URLs provided in this chapter can be accessed only by foundation and more senior doctors as the NPIS does not provide usernames and passwords to medical students. The priorities in the management of poisoned patients are similar to other ED presentations (ABCDE). Most of these patients require supportive therapy for recovery. Some poisons have specific antidotes which could be life-saving and are to be administered straightway. The initial assessment should be able to indicate whether or not the patient has been exposed to a specific poison for which an antidote is available. Hypoglycaemia must be excluded in every patient who presents with a low GCS score or convulsions by performing a capillary blood glucose by the bedside. A patient with respiratory depression, low GCS, and constricted pupils should be given naloxone while preparations are made to secure the airway. The recognition of such a pattern sometimes may direct the treating clinician towards a specific poison immediately, so that treatment with a definitive antidote can be given without delay.

scholarly journals Evaluation of propranolol, flunarizine and divalproex sodium in prophylaxis of migraine

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2463
Author(s):  
Majid F. Bhat ◽  
Harpreet S. Sidhu ◽  
Manoj Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Tolerability Profile ◽  
Divalproex Sodium ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Efficacy Parameters ◽  
To Receive

Background: Preventive treatment has an important role in the management of migraine. Propranolol and flunarizine have been used for more than two decades while, open-label, controlled studies suggest divalproex sodium may also be efficacious for migraine prevention. The objective of the study to compare efficacy and safety of propranolol, flunarizine and divalproex sodium in patients for migraine prophylaxis.Methods: Following approval from IEC a 12-week randomized, open, comparative study was carried out at the outpatient department of Medicine. Patients between 18 to 65 years, with history of 3 to 12 migraines a month (IHS) for six months were included. Patients were divided into three groups of 30 patients to receive - propranolol 20 to 160mg/day; flunarizine 5 to 10mg/day or divalproex sodium 250 to 750mg/day, for three months.Results: Total 90/116 patients completed the study. No significant differences were found between the groups with regards to mean age or other baseline migraine features. All the drugs significantly decreased the frequency, duration and severity of migraine (P<0.001). There is no statistically significant difference between propranolol, flunarizine and divalproex sodium for any of the efficacy parameters. All the three treatments were well-tolerated and safe.Conclusions: All the three study drugs were equally effective with an acceptable tolerability profile, Divalproex sodium group showed more side effects, none of which were serious. However, further studies with larger number of patients and longer duration of treatment are recommended.

scholarly journals Herbal spices-based therapeutics for diabetic patients with COVID-19 infection: A review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajasekar Panchamoorthy ◽  
Nethra Vel
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
History Of ◽  
Challenging Situation

The COVID-19 pandemic is a highly challenging situation and affects people's lives severely. Nowadays, the original coronavirus gets mutated into different variants and infects all age groups. Elderly people with comorbidities like diabetes are highly susceptible to coronavirus infection due to poor glycemic control, and immunity. The mechanism of COVID-19 infection is not fully understood. However, the scenario of current infection is similar to the history of pandemics that the world faced earlier (i.e.) the persisted hyperglycemia is considered as the major root cause of severe viral infections. The uncontrolled hyperglycemia can produce low-grade inflammation and impaired immunity mediated cytokine storm that can cause multiple organs failure and sudden death in diabetic patients with COVID-19 infection. The available hypoglycemic and antiviral drugs and vaccines are not sufficiently efficient against COVID-19 and also cause several side effects. As the traditional medicines are considered life-saving drugs for various human diseases, the present review has analyzed the herbs-spices with antiviral, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. The intake of this herbal-spices formulation could exert both therapeutic and prophylactic effects against the COVID-19. However, the proper scientific studies are necessary for the validation of its efficacy and mode of action against COVID-19.

What's the Message of Architecture?

2014 ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Аndrey G. Velikanov
Keyword(s):  
Separate Entity ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Current State ◽  
Entire Complex ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Aesthetic

Considers the aspects of architecture as a language able to express the current state and to prophetically indicate the upcoming changes. The aesthetic value of a construction cannot be perceived just as a separate entity, but it can be cognized in the context and not only a visual one, in space. It is necessary to see the entire complex of the accompanying phenomena, all the flow of the unfolding metaphors and values. In the model in view the figure of the author-creator must be reconsidered as no longer conforming to today's reality. The development of the Stalinist Empire style, as well as its transformations, is considered as one of the specific phenomena in the history of well-known constructions

ORGANOPHOSPHORUS NEUROTOXINS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Andriyanova ◽  
Aslanli Aslanli ◽  
Nataliya Basova ◽  
Viktor Bykov ◽  
Sergey Varfolomeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Protection ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Current State ◽  
Physicochemical Biology ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physicochemical Methods ◽  
State Of Research

The collective monograph is devoted to discussing the history of creation, studying the properties, neutralizing and using organophosphorus neurotoxins, which include chemical warfare agents, agricultural crop protection chemical agents (herbicides and insecticides) and medicines. The monograph summarizes the results of current scientific research and new prospects for the development of this field of knowledge in the 21st century, including the use of modern physicochemical methods for experimental study and theoretical analysis of biocatalysis and its mechanisms based on molecular modeling with supercomputer power. The book is intended for specialists who are interested in the current state of research in the field of organophosphorus neurotoxins. The monograph will be useful for students, graduate students, researchers specializing in the field of physical chemistry, physicochemical biology, chemical enzymology, toxicology, biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics, biotechnology, nanotechnology and biomedicine.

Young Scholars Conference “Slavic World: Commonality and Diversity”. 21–22 May 2019. Session “Linguistics”

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 295-297
Author(s):  
Sergej A. Borisov
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
International Context ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

For more than twenty years, the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences celebrates the Day of Slavic Writing and Culture with a traditional scholarly conference.”. Since 2014, it has been held in the young scholars’ format. In 2019, participants from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Togliatti, Tyumen, Yekaterinburg, and Rostov-on-Don, as well as Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Romania continued this tradition. A wide range of problems related to the history of the Slavic peoples from the Middle Ages to the present time in the national, regional and international context were discussed again. Participants talked about the typology of Slavic languages and dialects, linguo-geography, socio- and ethnolinguistics, analyzed formation, development, current state, and prospects of Slavic literatures, etc.

The reactor research and test facility

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Andrey S. KIRILLOV ◽  
Aleksandr P. PYSHKO ◽  
Andrey A. ROMANENKO ◽  
Valery I. YARYGIN
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Special Measurement ◽  
Space Nuclear Power

The paper describes an overview of the history of development and the current state of JSC “SSC RF-IPPE” reactor research and test facility designed for assembly, research and full-scale life energy tests of space nuclear power plants with a thermionic reactor. The leading specialists involved in development and operation of this facility are represented. The most significant technological interfaces and upgrade operations carried out in the recent years are discussed. The authors consider the use of an oil-free pumping system as part of this facility during degassing and life testing. Proposed are up-to-date engineering solutions for development of the automated special measurement system designed to record NPP performance, including volt-ampere characteristics together with thermophysical and nuclear physical parameters of a ground prototype of the space nuclear power plant. Key words: reactor research and test facility, thermionic reactor, life energy tests, oil-free pumping system, automated special measurement system, volt-ampere characteristics.

Integrative Approach in Law Understanding: the History of the Origin of Ideas and the Current State

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-130
Author(s):  
R. R. Palekha ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Place ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
Reliable Knowledge ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fat Formulation

Introduction. Right understanding is the most live, interesting and, at the same time, the uncertain and changeable area of researches which takes the central place as in the general theory of the right, and gains the increasing value in industry jurisprudence that is connected with its considerable teoretiko-methodological and applied potential which is shown in spheres of lawmaking and law-enforcement activity. Thus, right understanding represents research tools of the subject of knowledge which allow to study all range legal and, the based on them, state phenomena for the purpose of obtaining reliable knowledge of state and legal reality. In this regard integrative approach in right understanding which has rich history of the formation and development is of special interest, allows to perceive the right as integrally complete phenomenon, as much as possible retrieves its regulatory abilities and, provides achievement of criteria of scientific research: comprehensiveness, objectivity, historicism. Materials and Methods. In article an attempt of the analysis of integrative approach in right understanding from a position of history of origin of his ideas and assessment of the current state is made. A result of studying of scientific literature, generalization and comparison of the different points of view fat formulation of author’s determination of category “right understanding” and submission of the evidence-based integrative theory of right understanding which as much as possible conforms to requirements of time and has essential regulatory and guarding potential. Results. In article the category right understanding is comprehensively considered, different integrative theories of right understanding from a position of their origin and development are submitted, the value of modern integrative approach in right understanding is shown, perspectives of its further development are evaluated. Discussion and Conclusion. The author comes to the conclusion about the theoretical and methodological consistency and inevitability of the integrative approach in law understanding, which acts as a scientifically grounded type of legal thinking capable of comprehending the law on a truly scientific basis.

Cartographic production in Russia: main stages and trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 963 (9) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Chronological Order ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
Further Development

Studying the current state of cartography and ways of further developing the industry, the role of the map in the future of the society, new methods of promoting cartographic products is impossible without a deep scientific analyzing all the paths, events and factors influencing its formation and development throughout all the historic steps of cartographic production in Russia. In the article, the history of cartographic production in Russia is considered together with the development of private, state and military cartography, since, despite some differences, they have a common technical, technological and production basis. The author describes the stages of originating, formation and growth of industrial cartographic production from the beginning of the XVIII century until now. The connection between the change of political formations and technological structures with the mentioned stages of maps and atlases production is considered. Each stage is studied in detail, a step-by-step analysis was carried out, and the characteristics of each stage are described. All the events and facts are given in chronological order, highlighting especially significant moments influencing the evolution of cartographic production. The data on the volumes of printing and sales of atlases and maps by commercial and state enterprises are presented. The main trends and lines of further development of cartographic production in Russia are studied.

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