scholarly journals Influence of Different Sieving Methods on Estimation of Sand Size Parameters

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poullet ◽  
Muñoz-Perez ◽  
Poortvliet ◽  
Mera ◽  
Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coastal Dynamics ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Mechanical Shaker ◽  
Operational Methods ◽  
Skewness And Kurtosis ◽  
Sand Size

Sieving is one of the most used operational methods to determine sand size parameters which are essential to analyze coastal dynamics. However, the influence of hand versus mechanical shaking methods has not yet been studied. Herein, samples were taken from inside the hopper of a trailing suction dredger and sieved by hand with sieves of 10 and 20 cm diameters on board the dredger. Afterwards, these same samples were sieved with a mechanical shaker in the laboratory on land. The results showed differences for the main size parameters D50, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. Amongst the main results, it should be noted that the highest values for D50 and kurtosis were given by the small sieves method. On the other hand, the lowest values were given by the mechanical shaker method in the laboratory. Furthermore, standard deviation and skewness did not seem to be affected by the sieving method which means that all the grainsize distribution was shifted but the shape remained unchanged. The few samples that do not follow these patterns have a higher percentage of shells. Finally and definitely, the small sieves should be rejected as a sieving method aboard.

scholarly journals Carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of commercial dog food in Brazil

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e5828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo de Aro Galera ◽  
Adibe Luiz Abdalla Filho ◽  
Luiza Santos Reis ◽  
Janaina Leite de Souza ◽  
Yeleine Almoza Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Average Standard Deviation ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Dog Food ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Dry Food

Background Brazil is a low- to medium-income country and has the second largest pet food market in the world with 8% of world pet food consumption. The lowest-income social class spends around 17% of their domestic budget on pet food and other items related to pets. Consumers are frequently misled by advertising as there is no precise information about the main sources of protein, carbohydrates and fat in the labels, and the Brazilian pet food industry can legally claim that their products contain certain items like salmon or beef even if they use just a flavoring compound. Methods The stable isotope methodology compares the stable isotope ratios of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) between source and product. The 13C/12C ratio of a specific product (e.g., dog food) reveals the proportions of C4 (maize) and C3 (soybean, rice and wheat) plants in that product and the 15N/14N ratio reveals the proportion of the compounds derived from animals. With this isotopic data, we used MixSIAR, a Bayesian stable isotope-mixing model, to estimate the proportion of maize, grains, poultry and beef in dog food. Results The δ13C values of dry dog food ranged from −24.2‰ to −12.8‰, with an average (± standard-deviation) of −17.1‰ ± 2.8‰. The δ13C values of wet pet food ranged from −25.4‰ to −16.9‰, with an average (± standard-deviation) of −21.2‰ ± 2.4‰, which was significantly lower (p < 0.01). The δ15N values of the dry and wet food ranged from 1.7‰ to 4.2‰, and from 0.5‰ to 5.5‰, respectively. The average δ15N values of dry food (2.9‰ ± 0.5‰) was not higher than the wet food (2.6‰ ± 1.3‰) (p > 0.01). The output of the MixSIAR showed a low proportion of bovine products in dry dog food samples. On the other hand, poultry was obviously the dominant ingredient present in most of the samples. Maize was the second dominant ingredient. Wet and dry dog food showed similar isotopic analysis results. The only difference was a lower proportion of maize and higher proportion of grains in wet dog food. Discussion The main finding is that dog food in Brazil is mostly made of approximately 60% (ranging from 32% to 86%) animal-based and 40% (ranging from 14% to 67%) plant-based products. Poultry and maize are the main ingredients. Poultry is added as a by-product or meal, which avoids competition between dogs and humans for meat products, while they can compete for maize. On the other hand, a large proportion of plant-based products in dog food decreases the energy and environmental footprint, since plant-based food products tend to be less harmful compared to animal-based products. Labels can mislead consumers by showing pictures of items that are not necessarily part of the product composition and by not showing the detailed information on the proportion of each ingredient. This information would allow customers to make their own choices considering their pet’s nutrition, the competition between animals and humans for resources and environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA GAMBAR TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA BAHASA INGGRIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
Doni Anggoro Ari Santoso ◽  
Zumrotul Muniroh ◽  
Nurul Akmaliah
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Flash Cards ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
English Speaking

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of the using of flash cards towards student’s speaking ability in STBA Pertiwi, Cileungsi. The researchers hope that this research can give advantages to all of lecturers and students in doing the learning process, especially in English speaking ability. The method used in this research is experiment method using two groups of classes. One class as experiment class, where the researchers are giving the materials using flash cards. While the other class is control class, where the materials are given with lecturing method. Based on the result of the data analysis, it can be concluded that the average score for English speaking ability in control class is 64,7. The median is 61.5. The modus is 57,5. The variance is 258, 6256. And the standard deviation is 16,082. In the other hand, the average score for English speaking ability in experiment class is 70,5. The median is 71,21. The modus is 85,056. The variance is 229, 128. And the standard deviation is 15,14. It is also obtained that the equation of Total Variance is 15,62. And the TObserved is 1,69 and the T table is 1,667. So that Tobserved >Ttable; 1,69>1,667 that is significant. It can be concluded that there is positive and significant effect of using of flash cards towards student’s speaking ability in STBA Pertiwi, Cileungsi.

scholarly journals A DECADAL ANALYSIS AND SENSITIVITY STUDY USING MOPITT CO COLUMNS OVER ASIA

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W5 ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lin ◽  
J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Urban Regions ◽  
Forest Clearing ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
A New Technique

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Biomass burning and urbanization are both significant sources of CO emissions and atmospheric loadings in the real environment. The sources of CO are due to incomplete combustion, on one hand of biomass from agriculture or forest clearing, and on the other hand from coal, oil, gas, and other similar materials. However, the spatial and temporal underlying properties and patterns are quite different between these two types of source regions, with urban regions having a relatively constant source of CO emissions, with only short term concentration fluctuations due to local meteorology. On the other hand, in biomass burning regions, the emissions themselves tend to be highly concentrated over a short burning period, and very low otherwise. We hence present a new technique to classify and quantify biomass burning regions and urban regions based on an objective analysis of the CO total column measurements from the MOPITT satellite. By using all of the data from 2000&amp;ndash;2016, in connection with averages and standard deviation cutoffs, we successfully determine these regions. By performing a sensitivity analysis, in connection with additional ground-based measurements, we determine that the ideal cutoffs for the mean column loading and standard deviation of the column loading 28<span class="thinspace"></span>&amp;times;<span class="thinspace"></span>1017<span class="thinspace"></span>mol/cm<sup>2</sup> and 6<span class="thinspace"></span>&amp;times;<span class="thinspace"></span>1017<span class="thinspace"></span>mol/cm<sup>2</sup> respectively. These results are capable of representing known urban regions and biomass burning regions well throughout China, Southeast Asia, and South Asia, specifically including Beijing, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan, Guangdong, and Bangkok on one hand, and Northeastern India, Myanmar, Laos, Northern Thailand, and Vietnam on the other hand. A detailed analysis of the time series over the different classified regions show that while the urban areas have a much higher annual value, and a relatively long peak time, that their maximum is never as high as the peaks in the biomass burning regions, and that these peaks in the biomass burning regions are extremely short in duration, although they occur annually or bi-annually. Finally, we have not been able to obtain a statistically relevant decreasing trend, as others have found, making CO possibly an interesting species for future studies.</p>

scholarly journals Further evidence that the Worst Performance Rule is a special case of the Correlation of Sorted Scores Rule

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimmo Sorjonen ◽  
Guy Madison ◽  
Tomas Hemmingsson ◽  
Bo Melin ◽  
Fredrik Ullén
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Statistical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Test Rank ◽  
Higher Rank ◽  
Special Case

According to the worst performance rule (WPR), the correlations between intelligence and sorted performances, for example on reaction time tasks, should strengthen from the best to the worst performance. A commonly proposed explanation for the WPR is that poor performances reflect lapses of attention that are particularly strongly related to intelligence. The correlation of sorted scores rule (CSSR), on the other hand, claims that the WPR arises due to certain statistical properties of the data. Specifically, the magnitude of intelligence-performance correlations will change with the rank order of the test when intelligence is correlated with the within-individual standard deviation (WISD) of the tests. If the latter correlation is negative, a WPR is seen, i.e. intelligence-performance correlations will be lower for tests with higher rank order. If the intelligence-WISD correlation is positive, however, intelligence-performance correlations instead increase with test rank order. In the present study, through strategic slicing of two full samples (N = 5467 and N = 43,987, respectively), we created subsamples with a large range of intelligence-WISD correlations. In accordance with the CSSR, but not the WPR, the association between intelligence-performance correlations and test rank order was found to reflect the intelligence-WISD correlation of the subsample. This indicates that the WPR might be a special case of the more general CSSR and that the WPR is crucially dependent on intelligence-WISD correlations. The findings also indicate that the predictions made by the CSSR generalize to other predictors besides intelligence and to other outcomes besides reaction time.

scholarly journals BUSINESS RISK ANALYSIS IN ARI WIBOWO'S CENTRAL TILE INDUSTRY IN LOHJINAWI VILLAGE, PRINGSEWU REGENCY IN 2018 - 2020

Riset ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 550-562
Author(s):  
Wagiyu Wagiyu ◽  
Heri Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Business Risk ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
Industrial Environment ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Operating Leverage

Business risk is the potential deviation of corporate results  and financial results because the company enters a certain business with a typical industrial environment and uses certain technologies. In business there are so many decisions or actions that must be made, it makes more and more risks that may occur as a result. The purpose of this research is to find out how big the Business Risk Central Tile Industry in Lohjinawi Village, Pringsewu Regency,The analysis was carried out descriptively, using standard deviation of ROE; Financial Leverage; Operating Leverage namely the sensitivity of EBIT to changes in the company's sales; as well as Degree of Operation Leverage (DOL). The results of the analysis show that: 1) ROE, has increased due to an increase in Sales and an increase in EAT, and vice versa; 2)The use of debt can increase the Company's ROE; 3) Operating Leverage, where EBIT is very sensitive to changes in company sales; 4)Degree of Operating Leverage (DOL) measures what percentage of EBIT changes if sales; 2018-2019 of 1.50x  which means DOL of 150% that every 100% increase or 1x sales will cause an increase in operating profit of 1.50x otherwise, if sales decrease 1x then operating profit will decrease by 1.50x. While the year 2019-2020 amounted to 2.01x which means a DOL of 201% indicates that every 100% or 1x decrease in sales will cause a 2.01x decrease in operating profit. On the other hand, if sales decrease 1x, operating profit will decrease by 2.01x.

scholarly journals The Practice of the Re-Engineering of Administrative Processes Approach in Kindergarten Institutions in Jordan from the Perspective of Female Principals and Teachers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Reda S. Al-Mawdieh
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Training System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Female Principals ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Subject

This study aimed to reveal the extent to which the re-engineering of administrative processes approach is practiced in kindergarten institutions in Jordan from the perspective of female principals and teachers. The study applied a descriptive analytical methodology to achieve the research objectives. A questionnaire was developed to collect the data, from the study sample, which consisted of 61 female principals and 161 female teachers. The results showed that the overall mean for the degree of practicing the re-engineering of administrative processes approach in kindergarten institutions in Jordan from the perspective of female principals was high at 3.71 with a standard deviation of 0.52. On the other hand, the overall mean for the degree of practicing the re-engineering administrative processes approach from the perspective of female teachers was medium at 3.52 with a standard deviation of 0.60. According to the results main recommendations were made, including: 1-working to spread and consolidate the concept of re-engineering administrative processes among employees in kindergarten institutions; 2- to establish a training system on the approach to the re-engineering of administrative processes aimed at female principals and teachers in kindergarten institutions; 3- to conduct further studies in other kindergarten institutions and samples to broaden knowledge on the subject addressed by the present study.

Pathogenic Organisms Associated with Artificial Fingernails Worn by Healthcare Workers

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara A. Hedderwick ◽  
Shelly A. McNeil ◽  
Michael J. Lyons ◽  
Carol A. Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Over Time

Objective:To determine differences in the identity and quantity of microbial flora from healthcare workers (HCWs) wearing artificial nails compared with control HCWs with native nails.Design:Two separate studies were undertaken. In study 1, 12 HCWs who did not normally wear artificial nails wore polished artificial nails on their nondominant hand for 15 days. Identity and quantity of microflora were compared between the artificial nails and the polished native nails of the other hand. In study 2, the microbial flora of the nails of 30 HCWs who wore permanent acrylic artificial nails were compared with that of control HCWs who had native nails. In both studies, nail surfaces were swabbed and subungual debris was collected to obtain material for culture.Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative bacilli, enterococci, and yeasts were considered to be potential pathogens. All organisms were identified and quantified.Results:In study 1, potential pathogens were isolated from more samples obtained from artificial nails than native nails (92% vs 62%;P<.001). Colonization of artificial nails increased over time; by day 15, 71% of cultures yielded a pathogen compared with 21% on day 1 (P=.004). A significantly greater quantity of organisms (expressed as mean log10colony-forming units ± standard deviation) was isolated from the subungual area than the nail surface; this was noted for both artificial (5.0±1.4 vs 4.1 ±1.0;P<.001) and native nails (4.9±1.3 vs 3.7±0.8;P<.001). More organisms were found on the surface of artificial nails than native nails (P=.008), but there were no differences noted in the quantities of organisms isolated from the subungual areas. In study 2, HCWs wearing artificial nails were more likely to have a pathogen isolated than controls (87% vs 43%;P=.001). More HCWs with artificial nails had gram-negative bacilli (47% vs 17%;P=.03) and yeasts (50% vs 13%;P=.006) than control HCWs. However, the quantities of organisms isolated from HCWs wearing artificial nails and controls did not differ.Conclusions:Artificial fingernails were more likely to harbor pathogens, especially gram-negative bacilli and yeasts, than native nails. The longer artificial nails were worn, the more likely that a pathogen was isolated. Current recommendations restricting artificial fingernails in certain healthcare settings appear justified.

scholarly journals On Cluster Calculation for Amorphous Tetrahedrally Bonded Semiconductors

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
M. A. Grado-Caffaro ◽  
M. Grado-Caffaro
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Spectra ◽  
Amorphous Semiconductors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cluster Calculation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Valence States ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Operational Methods ◽  
Tetrahedrally Bonded

This article consists of an approach to the calculation of the density of valence states in tetrahedrally bonded amorphous semiconductors and, on the other hand, the paper contains theoretical considerations on electronic spectra related to the results obtained by the authors concerning cluster calculation. The exposition is centered on III–V compounds. Moreover, operational methods are used to perform certain computations related to the previous subjects.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

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