scholarly journals Estimating Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycles in a Timber Reef Deployment Area

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2515
Author(s):  
Jamaluddin Fitrah Alam ◽  
Tamiji Yamamoto ◽  
Tetsuya Umino ◽  
Shinya Nakahara ◽  
Kiyonori Hiraoka
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Nutrient Regeneration ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Annual Budget ◽  
Autumn And Winter

In an oligotrophic bay, Mitsu Bay, Japan, artificial timber reefs (ATRs) are deployed to increase fish production. In such man-made ecosystems, the biological activities of other organisms as well as the physical structures of ATRs could influence nutrient cycling. A pelagic–benthic coupling model expressing both phosphorus and nitrogen cycling was developed to investigate seasonal variation in the associated nutrients and their annual budget in the ATR areas and the entire bay system. The model consists of equations representing all the relevant physical and biological processes. The model reproduced the observed seasonal variations in dissolved inorganic P, ammonium, and nitrate concentrations that were low in spring and summer and high in autumn and winter. The internal regeneration rates of the nutrients were two times higher in the ATRs than in the bay area, so that fish production was predicted to be higher in the ATRs than in the bay area. Considering the inflows from the land and precipitation are quite low, nutrient regeneration is an important source of nutrients for the water in Mitsu Bay. ATR deployment could be an important local nutrient source in an oligotrophic bay, and could increase fish production.

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Availability and the Role of Fire in Heathlands at Wilsons Promontory

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Adams ◽  
J Iser ◽  
AD Keleher ◽  
DC Cheal
Keyword(s):  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Eucalypt Forests

Analyses of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in heathland soils at Wilsons Promontory and on Snake Island show that the effects of fire, including repeated fires, are confined to the surface 2 cm. The uppermost soil in long-unburnt heathlands is rich in these elements and usually has a smaller C:N ratio compared with the soil below. Indices of N and P availability (C:N ratios, concentrations of potentially mineralisable N and extractable inorganic P, phosphatase activity) are similar to those in highly productive eucalypt forests-a finding in conflict with past assessments of nutrient availability in heathlands. Phosphatase activity and concentrations of carbon, nitrogen and potentially mineralisable N were less in soils from repeatedly burnt heathlands than in soils from long unburnt heathlands whereas there was a greater concentration of extractable inorganic P in soils from repeatedly burnt heathlands. The balance between nitrogen input and loss is dependent on fire frequency and present-day management of heathland (and other native plant communities with low nutrient capitals) should recognise that over- or under-use of fire will significantly alter soil nutrient pools and availability and that these changes may alter community species composition and productivity.

scholarly journals A Nanodiamond-Based Theranostic Agent for Light-Controlled Intracellular Heating and Nanoscale Temperature Sensing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingke Wu ◽  
Md Noor A Alam ◽  
Priyadharshini Balasubramanian ◽  
Anna Ermakova ◽  
Stefan Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Theranostic Agent ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Fluorescent Nanodiamonds ◽  
High Control

Temperature is an essential factor in all biological processes and most of the biological activities are related to temperature. However, information about the temperature in living cells are limited. In photothermal therapy, an emerging cancer treatment due to its high spatial control and non-invasive nature, the local effect of intracellular temperature change is not well understood. Fluorescent nanodiamonds (ND) are a unique carbon material possessing optical defects inside the carbon lattice that enable sensing of temperature on a nanoscale completely independent of external conditions. Herein, we coat ND with polymers to form a nanogel shell around NDs that can absorb indocyanine green, a common photothermal agent, to obtain nanodiamond-nanogel-indocyanine green. Upon irradiation, we not only show successful killing of cancer cells with a high control in space but we are also able to sense the increase in temperature using single NDs as nanothermometers in cells.<br>

scholarly journals Herb Network Analysis for a Famous TCM Doctor's Prescriptions on Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Zibo Ouyang ◽  
Shao Li
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Hormone Regulation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Target Disease ◽  
Herbal Formulae ◽  
Target Sets

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) doctors always prescribe various herbal formulae tailored to individual patients. However, there is still a lack of appropriate methods to study the rule and potential biological basis underlying the numerous prescriptions. Here we developed an Herb-Compound-Target-Disease coherent network approach to analyze 871 herbal prescriptions from a TCM master, Mr. Ji-Ren Li, in his clinical practice on treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The core herb networks were extracted from Mr. Li’s prescriptions. Then, we predicted target profiles of compounds in core herb networks and calculated potential synergistic activities among them. We further found that the target sets of core herbs overlapped significantly with the RA related biological processes and pathways. Moreover, we detected a possible connection between the prescribed herbs with different properties such as Cold and Hot and the Western drugs with different actions such as immunomodulatory and hormone regulation on treatment of RA. In summary, we explored a new application of TCM network pharmacology on the analysis of TCM prescriptions and detected the networked core herbs, their potential synergistic and biological activities, and possible connections with drugs. This work offers a novel way to understand TCM prescriptions in clinical practice.

scholarly journals A System-Level Investigation into the Mechanisms of Apigenin Against Inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1987860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Xie ◽  
Dongdong Liang ◽  
Qingke Wu ◽  
Xuemei Chen ◽  
Manal Ali Buabeid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
System Level ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Go Terms

Apigenin is a natural flavone that possesses excellent biological activities especially against aging and cancer. However, the underlying mode of its action is not yet revealed. The purpose of this study was to examine the pharmacological mechanisms of apigenin using the knowledge of network pharmacology, protein-protein interaction (PPI) databases and biological processes analysis through Cytoscape. Apigenin targets were retrieved through PASS Prediction and STITCH database and the interactive associations between these targets were studied using STITCH, followed by GO (gene ontology) and pathway enrichment analysis. As a result of target search, 125 protein targets were retrieved. Moreover, 216 GO terms related to various biological processes, 16 GO terms for various molecular processes, 5 GO terms for the cellular components, and 52 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway terms were achieved by analyzing gene functional annotation clusters and abundance values of these targets. Most of these terms are strongly associated with inflammation through various pathways, for example, FOXO, mammalian target of rapamycin, tumor necrosis factor, p53, AMP-activated protein kinase, p13K-AKT, and mitogen-activated protein kinase, which play an important role in inflammation, aging and cancer. Apigenin can be used to treat inflammation, aging, and cancer with an underlying mechanism of inflammation suppression. This study contributed excellent information for a better understanding of the modes of action of apigenin. However, further studies such as docking and MD simulation are required to understand the therapeutic and toxicological roles of these targets of apigenin.

scholarly journals Out Season Onion Production Using `Sterling' Variety in Northwestern Mexico

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 758B-758
Author(s):  
Ruben Macias-Duarte ◽  
Raul Leonel Grijalva-Contreras* ◽  
Manuel de Jesus Valenzuela-Ruiz ◽  
Fabian Robles-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Onion Bulb ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Double Row ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Northwestern Mexico ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Long Photoperiod

In Northwestern Mexico, the sowing, transplant and vegetative development of onion bulb coincide with the winter and the harvest with the end of the spring. During the summer, this vegetable can't be produced because there were no varieties that develop appropriately under the high temperature and constant humidity characteristic of this time of the year. For this reason, in autumn and winter. there exists a shortage of onion in the market being increased the value of the same one. The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate and to develop a methodology to produce onion bulb in autumn. This experiment was carried out at INIFAP-CIRNO Experimental Station on. The white variety used was `Sterling' of long photoperiod. The plant establishment was on 27 Apr. 2002 (82 days after sow date) in this trial we used furrows to double row, with 1.00-m separation among them. Fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus (180 and 80 kg·ha-1 respectively), during the growing season using drip irrigation system. Two application were applied against the fungous disease (Metalaxil + Clorotalonil). Our results indicate that the bulb obtained had a globe form with good quality and firmness. The harvest time was from 7 to 10 Sept., with means bulb weight of 214 grams and a yield of 36.5 t·ha-1.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Analysis of Some Novel Complexes of Phenyl Thiourea Derivatives with Copper

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Mathur ◽  
Nisha Jain ◽  
A.K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Copper Complexes ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Electronic Interactions ◽  
Thiourea Derivatives ◽  
Ft Ir

Introduction: Copper is a very important metal because all forms of life require copper metals an essential micronutrient. Various biological processes, directly or indirectly are dependent on copper metal. Methods: Copper soaps are used as fungicides, bacteriosides, herbicides and insecticides. Copper complexes including heterocyclic compounds have attracted our attention in a magnificent way because of its utility in catalysis and biological functions. Their mechanism of synthesis, characterization and structural insight, are crucial for comprehending the criteria of the bonding and electronic interactions between the proximate metal center and chelating atoms. But still, there is a need to explore some of more biological properties for their wide applicability and significant usage in multiple fields because it is an untapped area with potentially tremendous value. Hence, in this paper, we report the synthesis and characterization of transition metal complex of N/S ligand by chromatographic, FT-IR, NMR, ESR, elemental analysis, conductometric and magnetic moment measurements. Results: The synthesized metal complexes namely copper palmitate with 4-nitrophenylthiourea and copper palmitate with 4-methoxyphenylthiourea were successfully investigated for biological activities against fungi Candida albicans and Trichoderma harzinum. Based on the results, we pronounced biocidal activities of the novel complexes. Conclusion: It is concluded that the activity of nitro phenylthiourea complex has greater antifungal activity than methoxy phenylthiourea complex against these test fungi. We can conclude that the antifungal activity of these complexes varies according to the nature of the groups attached to the ligands.

scholarly journals Effect of biofertilizers on growth, photosynthetic and biochemical parameters of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
S. Prabakaran ◽  
R. Bakiyaraj ◽  
L. Baskaran
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Microbial Inoculants ◽  
Nutritional Elements ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill

The biofertilizers are commonly called as microbial inoculants which are capable of mobilizing important nutritional elements in the soil from non-usable to usable form by the crop plants through their biological processes. The present investigation was carried out to study the application of soil organic amendments Azospirillum, Rhizobium, Phosphobacteria and Pseudomonas fluorescens significantly increased morphological, photosynthetic and biochemical parameters on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) at all growth stages. It can be concluded that biofertilizer manure can be used for quick stabilization of soil fertility as well as biological activities, which is in turn help in nutrient availability during transition periods. Finally, it was observed that the plants treated with experimental biofertilizer Rhizobium showed excellent results in the morphological and biochemical parameters as compared to the other biofertilizers and also control.

Recent Advances in the Development of Pyrazolopyridines as Anticancer Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Gu ◽  
Shutao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Health It ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
New Chemical Entities

: Cancer, especially malignant tumor, is a serious threat to people's life and health. It is recognized as an enormous challenge in the 21st century. Continuous efforts are needed to overcome this problem. Pyrazolopyridine nucleus, similar in structure to purine, shows a variety of biological activities, which is mainly attributed to the antagonistic nature towards the natural purines in many biological processes. This has aroused enormous attention for many researchers. At present, a large number of new chemical entities containing pyrazolopyridine nucleus have been found as anticancer agents. In this review we summarize novel pyrazolopyridine-containing derivatives with biological activities. Furthermore, we outline the relationships between the structures of variously modified pyrazolopyridines and their anticancer activity.

scholarly journals A Nanodiamond-Based Theranostic Agent for Light-Controlled Intracellular Heating and Nanoscale Temperature Sensing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingke Wu ◽  
Md Noor A Alam ◽  
Priyadharshini Balasubramanian ◽  
Anna Ermakova ◽  
Stefan Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Theranostic Agent ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Fluorescent Nanodiamonds ◽  
High Control

Temperature is an essential factor in all biological processes and most of the biological activities are related to temperature. However, information about the temperature in living cells are limited. In photothermal therapy, an emerging cancer treatment due to its high spatial control and non-invasive nature, the local effect of intracellular temperature change is not well understood. Fluorescent nanodiamonds (ND) are a unique carbon material possessing optical defects inside the carbon lattice that enable sensing of temperature on a nanoscale completely independent of external conditions. Herein, we coat ND with polymers to form a nanogel shell around NDs that can absorb indocyanine green, a common photothermal agent, to obtain nanodiamond-nanogel-indocyanine green. Upon irradiation, we not only show successful killing of cancer cells with a high control in space but we are also able to sense the increase in temperature using single NDs as nanothermometers in cells.<br>

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