Noisy Motorcycles and Barriers and Quieter Pavements for Traffic Noise Abatement: Summaries of Two TQA Workshops

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. 4144-4153
Author(s):  
Paul Donavan

In the Technology for a Quieter America report, motorcycles were mentioned three times, once in terms of standard test methods and twice in relation to community noise. In New York City, motorcycles placed in the top 10 bothersome noise sources identified by residents. Although there are regulated levels that manufacturers must meet, complaints about in-service motorcycle noise persist. To address this issue, a round table meeting was held in August 2012 with a broad spectrum of participants representing manufacturers, regulators, and other interested, knowledgeable engineers. In preparation of the TQA report, a workshop entitled Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) for Noise Control found that CBA was being applied in the area of traffic noise mitigation in regard to the use of barriers and/or quieter pavement. To address the particular CBA issues for this topic, a workshop was held in January 2014 with state and federal transportation officials and the research team responsible for the National Cooperative Highway Research Program NCHRP Report 738, Evaluating Pavement Strategies and Barriers for Noise Mitigation. The findings of these two meetings are summarized in this paper.

Author(s):  
Charles Lide ◽  
Chris Kunc ◽  
Stefan Glista ◽  
Kent Barnett ◽  
Ric Alexander ◽  
...  

In the late 1980s the United States Air Force began requiring the implementation of the Avionics/ Electronics Integrity Program (AVIP). The purpose of AVIP was to utilize physics of failure analysis and test methods during development to eliminate fatigue and wearout failure mechanisms when systems are fielded. One of the key features of AVIP is the durability life test (DLT). The F-22 program was the first major weapons system to comprehensively require AVIP or the Mechanical Systems Integrity Program (MECSIP) for all equipment. The paper documents the findings and lessons learned from the F-22 program DLT for avionics and electronics. The paper discusses the driving environments of vibration and thermal cycling and test compression for those environments. Also discussed are test specifications, sample size, test setup, combined environments, failure criteria, and test instrumentation. Programmatic issues with DLT are presented. The data reduction for a large sample of tests is reported by failure type and as a function of test duration. Corrective action and corrective action verification is discussed and statistics presented. Finally, a cost-benefit analysis shows the benefit of DLT.


2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane M. Dewar ◽  
James Lambrinos ◽  
Rajiv Mallick ◽  
Yuhong Zhong

Objective: An economic evaluation of the resources used for mechanically ventilated patients using various measures for the benefits of extending life.Methods: Regression analysis is applied to New York State discharge data for patients under DRG 475 during 1992–96 to predict age-specific survival rates and payments per life saved. Sensitivity analysis is used to compare benefits of extending life associated with different economic values of life with the payments per life saved at each age.Results: Payments per life saved decreased over time, primarily due to reduced reimbursements. Payments exceeded the age-adjusted and the quality-of-life and age-adjusted benefits for all economic values of life at ages 90 and older.Conclusions: Since the benefits of extending life associated with DRG 475 exceed the payments per life saved at most ages, economic evaluations may be best applied with psychosocial evaluations to allocate resources more ethically.


2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Kelly Imberger ◽  
Christopher Poulter ◽  
Michael Regan ◽  
Mitchell Cunningham ◽  
Michael Paine

Drivers engage in a wide range of non-driving related tasks while driving that have potential to distract to them and compromise their safety. These include interactions with infotainment systems built into the vehicle by vehicle manufacturers. These systems enable the performance of communication, entertainment, navigation and internet browsing tasks. Performing these tasks can degrade driving performance and increase crash risk. Not all infotainment technologies in new vehicles are equal in terms of their potential to distract. This paper documents the findings of a study commissioned by the Victorian Department of Transport to determine the feasibility of developing a test protocol for rating the distraction potential of new vehicles entering the Australian market. A literature review, consultation with expert international researchers and industry representatives, and workshops, were conducted in order to determine those elements of the HMI design of infotainment systems that should be assessed, identify suitable candidate test methods for assessing the visual and cognitive load imposed on drivers when performing infotainment tasks, and derive options for a distraction rating system. In addition, safety/rating assessment program reviews and a cost-benefit analysis of introducing a distraction rating system were undertaken. Eight potential distraction test methods were discerned from the literature and consultation. It was concluded that the most suitable test protocol for a distraction rating system involves the use of an HMI design checklist in combination with measurement of the visual and cognitive load imposed on drivers when performing specific infotainment tasks, using the VOT and DRT, respectively. Eight options for introducing a distraction safety rating as a consumer or NCAP distraction rating are presented. Each option builds upon the previous, with the first option being the development of voluntary guidelines (where vehicle manufacturers work to these guidelines on a voluntary basis) to option eight, where NCAPs incorporate a distraction rating in the overall vehicle safety rating. The benefits of introducing a highly effective (best case) distraction rating system are estimated to result in a road crash saving of approximately AU$28 per ‘improved/low distraction’ vehicle per year.


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