Faculty Opinions recommendation of Outrun or Outmaneuver: Predator-Prey Interactions as a Model System for Integrating Biomechanical Studies in a Broader Ecological and Evolutionary Context.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oswald Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Model System ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Evolutionary Context

The Selfish Crouton

Behaviour ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 132 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alun Ap Rhisiart ◽  
Fritz Vollrath ◽  
Daniel Fels
Keyword(s):  
Model System ◽  
Predator Density ◽  
Predator Prey

AbstractWe studied predator prey interactions on a model system with gulls as predators and bread croutons as prey. The advantage to prey grouping appeared even at low numbers of prey and high predator density. Moreover, individual predators gained by preying upon a group rather than on a solitary prey. Rate of predation was the same for homogeneous (uni-coloured) and heterogeneous (multicoloured) groups of croutons.

scholarly journals Leaf Morphogenesis: Insights From the Moss Physcomitrium patens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenye Lin ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yoan Coudert ◽  
Daniel Kierzkowski
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Model System ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Leaf Morphogenesis ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Evolutionary Context ◽  
Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms

Specialized photosynthetic organs have appeared several times independently during the evolution of land plants. Phyllids, the leaf-like organs of bryophytes such as mosses or leafy liverworts, display a simple morphology, with a small number of cells and cell types and lack typical vascular tissue which contrasts greatly with flowering plants. Despite this, the leaf structures of these two plant types share many morphological characteristics. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of leaf morphogenesis in the model moss Physcomitrium patens, focusing on the underlying cellular patterns and molecular regulatory mechanisms. We discuss this knowledge in an evolutionary context and identify parallels between moss and flowering plant leaf development. Finally, we propose potential research directions that may help to answer fundamental questions in plant development using moss leaves as a model system.

Exploring Complex Dynamics of Spatial Predator–Prey System: Role of Predator Interference and Additional Food

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (07) ◽  
pp. 2050102
Author(s):  
Vandana Tiwari ◽  
Jai Prakash Tripathi ◽  
Debaldev Jana ◽  
Satish Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Ranjit Kumar Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Stability ◽  
Equilibrium Solution ◽  
Model System ◽  
Positive Equilibrium ◽  
Additional Food ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Local Asymptotic Stability ◽  
Diffusive Model ◽  
Predator Interference

In this paper, an attempt has been made to understand the role of predator’s interference and additional food on the dynamics of a diffusive population model. We have studied a predator–prey interaction system with mutually interfering predator by considering additional food and Crowley–Martin functional response (CMFR) for both the reaction–diffusion model and associated spatially homogeneous system. The local stability analysis ensures that as the quantity of alternative food decreases, predator-free equilibrium stabilizes. Moreover, we have also obtained a condition providing a threshold value of additional food for the global asymptotic stability of coexisting steady state. The nonspatial model system changes stability via transcritical bifurcation and switches its stability through Hopf-bifurcation with respect to certain ranges of parameter determining the quantity of additional food. Conditions obtained for local asymptotic stability of interior equilibrium solution of temporal system determines the local asymptotic stability of associated diffusive model. The global stability of positive equilibrium solution of diffusive model system has been established by constructing a suitable Lyapunov function and using Green’s first identity. Using Harnack inequality and maximum modulus principle, we have established the nonexistence of nonconstant positive equilibrium solution of the diffusive model system. A chain of patterns on increasing the strength of additional food as spots[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]stripes[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]spots has been obtained. Various kind of spatial-patterns have also been demonstrated via numerical simulations and the roles of predator interference and additional food are established.

scholarly journals Evolutionary distributions in adaptive space

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosef Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Complete Separation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Prey System ◽  
Algebraic Problem ◽  
Modeling Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Context ◽  
Dynamics Of Population ◽  
Predator Prey Models

An evolutionary distribution (ED), denoted byz(x,t), is a distribution of density of phenotypes over a set of adaptive traitsx. Herexis ann-dimensional vector that represents the adaptive space. Evolutionary interactions among phenotypes occur within an ED and between EDs. A generic approach to modeling systems of ED is developed. With it, two cases are analyzed. (1) A predator prey inter-ED interactions either with no intra-ED interactions or with cannibalism and competition (both intra-ED interactions). A predator prey system with no intra-ED interactions is stable. Cannibalism destabilizes it and competition strengthens its stability. (2) Mixed interactions (where phenotypes of one ED both benefit and are harmed by phenotypes of another ED) produce complete separation of phenotypes on one ED from the other along the adaptive trait. Foundational definitions of ED, adaptive space, and so on are also given. We argue that in evolutionary context, predator prey models with predator saturation make less sense than in ecological models. Also, with ED, the dynamics of population genetics may be reduced to an algebraic problem. Finally, extensions to the theory are proposed.

ROLE OF HARVESTING IN CONTROLLING CHAOTIC DYNAMICS IN THE PREDATOR–PREY MODEL WITH DISEASE IN THE PREDATOR

2013 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350005 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRISHNA PADA DAS ◽  
SANJAY CHAUDHURI
Keyword(s):  
Chaotic Dynamics ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Model System ◽  
Predator Population ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Prey Model ◽  
Reproduction Numbers

Predator–prey model with harvesting is well studied. The role of disease in such system has a great importance and cannot be ignored. In this study we have considered a predator–prey model with disease circulating in the predator population only and we have also considered harvesting in the prey and in the susceptible predator. We have studied the local stability, Hopf bifurcation of the model system around the equilibria. We have derived the ecological and the disease basic reproduction numbers and we have observed its importance in the community structure of the model system and in controlling disease propagation in the predator population. We have paid attention to chaotic dynamics for increasing the force of infection in the predator. Chaotic population dynamics can exhibit irregular fluctuations and violent oscillations with extremely small or large population abundances. In this study main objective is to show the role of harvesting in controlling chaotic dynamics. It is observed that reasonable harvesting on the prey and the susceptible predator prevents chaotic dynamics.

scholarly journals Scent of Danger: Floc Formation by a Freshwater Bacterium Is Induced by Supernatants from a Predator-Prey Coculture

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (18) ◽  
pp. 6156-6163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith F. Blom ◽  
Yannick S. Zimmermann ◽  
Thomas Ammann ◽  
Jakob Pernthaler
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Model System ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Rich Media ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Bioactive Fraction

ABSTRACT We investigated predator-prey interactions in a model system consisting of the bacterivorous flagellate Poterioochromonas sp. strain DS and the freshwater bacterium Sphingobium sp. strain Z007. This bacterial strain tends to form a subpopulation of grazing-resistant microscopic flocs, presumably by aggregation. Enhanced formation of such flocs could be demonstrated in static batch culture experiments in the presence of the predator. The ratio of aggregates to single cells reached >0.1 after 120 h of incubation in an oligotrophic growth medium. The inoculation of bacteria into supernatants from cocultures of bacteria and flagellates (grown in oligotrophic or in rich media) also resulted in a substantially higher level of floc formation than that in supernatants from bacterial monocultures only. After separation of supernatants on a C18 cartridge, the aggregate-inducing activity could be assigned to the 50% aqueous methanolic fraction, and further separation of this bioactive fraction could be achieved by high-pressure liquid chromatography. These results strongly suggest the involvement of one or several chemical factors in the induction of floc formation by Sphingobium sp. strain Z007 that are possibly released into the surrounding medium by flagellate grazing.

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