Faculty Opinions recommendation of The Structure of a Sugar Transporter of the Glucose EIIC Superfamily Provides Insight into the Elevator Mechanism of Membrane Transport.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Neng Wang ◽  
Nathan Karpowich
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Transport ◽  
Sugar Transporter ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals The Structure of a Sugar Transporter of the Glucose EIIC Superfamily Provides Insight into the Elevator Mechanism of Membrane Transport

Structure ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 956-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason G. McCoy ◽  
Zhenning Ren ◽  
Vitali Stanevich ◽  
Jumin Lee ◽  
Sharmistha Mitra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Transport ◽  
Sugar Transporter ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Stochastic steps in secondary active sugar transport

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (27) ◽  
pp. E3960-E3966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua L. Adelman ◽  
Chiara Ghezzi ◽  
Paola Bisignano ◽  
Donald D. F. Loo ◽  
Seungho Choe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Ion Binding ◽  
Sugar Transporter ◽  
Human Homolog ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Stochastic Functional ◽  
Unique Capability

Secondary active transporters, such as those that adopt the leucine-transporter fold, are found in all domains of life, and they have the unique capability of harnessing the energy stored in ion gradients to accumulate small molecules essential for life as well as expel toxic and harmful compounds. How these proteins couple ion binding and transport to the concomitant flow of substrates is a fundamental structural and biophysical question that is beginning to be answered at the atomistic level with the advent of high-resolution structures of transporters in different structural states. Nonetheless, the dynamic character of the transporters, such as ion/substrate binding order and how binding triggers conformational change, is not revealed from static structures, yet it is critical to understanding their function. Here, we report a series of molecular simulations carried out on the sugar transporter vSGLT that lend insight into how substrate and ions are released from the inward-facing state of the transporter. Our simulations reveal that the order of release is stochastic. Functional experiments were designed to test this prediction on the human homolog, hSGLT1, and we also found that cytoplasmic release is not ordered, but we confirmed that substrate and ion binding from the extracellular space is ordered. Our findings unify conflicting published results concerning cytoplasmic release of ions and substrate and hint at the possibility that other transporters in the superfamily may lack coordination between ions and substrate in the inward-facing state.

scholarly journals An insight into the orphan nucleotide sugar transporter SLC35A4

2017 ◽  
Vol 1864 (5) ◽  
pp. 825-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Sosicka ◽  
Dorota Maszczak-Seneczko ◽  
Bożena Bazan ◽  
Yauhen Shauchuk ◽  
Beata Kaczmarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Transporter ◽  
Nucleotide Sugar ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Nucleotide Sugar Transporter

scholarly journals Structural insight into the PTS sugar transporter EIIC

2015 ◽  
Vol 1850 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason G. McCoy ◽  
Elena J. Levin ◽  
Ming Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Transporter ◽  
Structural Insight ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Subversion of membrane transport pathways by vacuolar pathogens

2011 ◽  
Vol 195 (6) ◽  
pp. 943-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Alix ◽  
Shaeri Mukherjee ◽  
Craig R. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Transport ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Intracellular Pathogens ◽  
Secretion Systems ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Bacterial Effectors ◽  
Insight Into

Mammalian phagocytes control bacterial infections effectively through phagocytosis, the process by which particles engulfed at the cell surface are transported to lysosomes for destruction. However, intracellular pathogens have evolved mechanisms to avoid this fate. Many bacterial pathogens use specialized secretion systems to deliver proteins into host cells that subvert signaling pathways controlling membrane transport. These bacterial effectors modulate the function of proteins that regulate membrane transport and alter the phospholipid content of membranes. Elucidating the biochemical function of these effectors has provided a greater understanding of how bacteria control membrane transport to create a replicative niche within the host and provided insight into the regulation of membrane transport in eukaryotic cells.

Calibration problems in hydrogen luminosities

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 322-330
Author(s):  
A. Beer
Keyword(s):  
Galactic Structure ◽  
B Stars ◽  
Insight Into

The investigations which I should like to summarize in this paper concern recent photo-electric luminosity determinations of O and B stars. Their final aim has been the derivation of new stellar distances, and some insight into certain patterns of galactic structure.

Stochasting modeling of planetary ring systems

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Ring System ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Ultimate State ◽  
Interparticle Interactions ◽  
Ring Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Planetary Ring ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTThis paper models maximum entropy configurations of idealized gravitational ring systems. Such configurations are of interest because systems generally evolve toward an ultimate state of maximum randomness. For simplicity, attention is confined to ultimate states for which interparticle interactions are no longer of first order importance. The planets, in their orbits about the sun, are one example of such a ring system. The extent to which the present approximation yields insight into ring systems such as Saturn's is explored briefly.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Structure and function of neural networks in the retina

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Peter Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Visual Axis ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Cat Retina ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

The synaptic connections in cat retina that link photoreceptors to ganglion cells have been analyzed quantitatively. Our approach has been to prepare serial, ultrathin sections and photograph en montage at low magnification (˜2000X) in the electron microscope. Six series, 100-300 sections long, have been prepared over the last decade. They derive from different cats but always from the same region of retina, about one degree from the center of the visual axis. The material has been analyzed by reconstructing adjacent neurons in each array and then identifying systematically the synaptic connections between arrays. Most reconstructions were done manually by tracing the outlines of processes in successive sections onto acetate sheets aligned on a cartoonist's jig. The tracings were then digitized, stacked by computer, and printed with the hidden lines removed. The results have provided rather than the usual one-dimensional account of pathways, a three-dimensional account of circuits. From this has emerged insight into the functional architecture.

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