Comparative Assessment of Nitrate Concentrations in Vegetables Grown on Commercial and Subsistence Farms in the Saratov Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
YuYu Eliseev ◽  
SYu Chekhomov ◽  
YuV Eliseeva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Maximum Permissible Level ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
Vegetable Sample ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

Background: Food safety is one of the prerequisites for a healthy diet of the population of the Russian Federation. At the same time, successful functioning of modern agricultural complexes is almost impossible without a widespread use of various agrochemicals, including nitrogen-containing fertilizers. The objective of our study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the nitrate content of vegetables grown on commercial and subsistence farms located in industrially contaminated areas of the region and used as local food. Materials and methods: The research was carried out in the summer and autumn periods of 2017–2019 in a number of polluted areas of the Saratov Region. Nitrate concentrations in local vegetables were measured by a potentiometric method. Results: We established that the nitrate content of vegetables grown in most environmentally disadvantaged areas varied greatly. Concentrations of this contaminant depended on the type of vegetables, growing conditions and region; yet, they did not exceed the maximum permissible level in any vegetable sample tested. At the same time, the level of nitrates in crops grown on commercial farms was significantly higher than that in vegetables grown in private gardens (p < 0.05) due to a more extensive application of nitrate fertilizers in the form of commercially produced ammonium nitrate. Private gardeners, on the opposite, use biomass species, usually legumes, contributing to a better conversion of nitrates into proteins and preventing their excessive accumulation in the produce.

MILITARY COMPONENT OF THE POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE "STRATEGIC TRIANGLE" RUSSIA – CHINA – USA: REGIONAL ASPECTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 80-95
Author(s):  
D. V. GORDIENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The World ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The military component of the Russian Federation's policy in the "strategic triangle" Russia-China-USA occupies an important place in the implementation of Russian aspirations in various regions of the world. The purpose of this article is to assess the impact of the military component of the Russian Federation's policy in the Russia-China- US strategic triangle on the implementation of current Russian policy in the post-Soviet space, in the Asia-Pacific and Euro-Atlantic regions, in the Arctic, the Middle East and other regions of the world. The paper examines the influence of the military component of the Russian Federation's policy in the Russia- China-USA “strategic triangle”, proposes an approach to a comparative assessment of this influence, which allows identifying the priorities of Russian policy in the post-Soviet space, in the Asia-Pacific and Euro-Atlantic regions, in the Arctic, on The Middle East and other regions of the world. A comparative assessment of the influence of the military component of the Russian Federation's policy in the Russia-China-USA “strategic triangle” can be used to substantiate recommendations to the military-political leadership of our country. The article concludes that the military component of Russian policy occupies a dominant position in the implementation of the current policy of the Russian Federation in the post-Soviet space, in the Asia- Pacific and Euro-Atlantic regions, in the Arctic, the Middle East and in other regions of the world.

Regional experience in adapting decent wage standards in agriculture: analysis and evaluation

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-22
Author(s):  
V. N. Kiryanova
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Average Wage ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Collective Agreements ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
The Russian Federation

In article the question of extent of adaptation of Standards of the decent salary in branch of agriculture as one of important instruments of increase in profitability of work in agriculture is considered. In order to solve this problem, the author analyses and carries out a comparative assessment of the content of Sectoral Labour Agreements with a view to reflecting in them social guarantees on decent remuneration of workers of the industry in a number of subjects of the Russian Federation. In addition, the article provides analytical material on the degree of practical implementation of social guarantees, as the basis of Decent Wage Standards, using statistical groupings of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on a number of indicators. For example, by ratio. The minimum wage and subsistence minimum, as well as the average wage and subsistence minimum; Their dynamics by years are given. In addition, the author of the article believes that in order to gain a better understanding of the implementation of the Decent Wage Standards in the industry, it is necessary to study the practice of their application at the level of enterprises and organizations in order to assess the degree of implementation of social and legal guarantees when concluding collective agreements directly in organizations. This will be the next stage of the study on the adaptation of Decent Wage Standards.

scholarly journals Characteristics of industrial cultivation and requirements to fresh cut flowers in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
O. A. Shchuklina ◽  
I. N. Voronchikhina ◽  
A. D. Alenicheva ◽  
I. N. Klimenkova ◽  
V. V. Voronchikhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Fresh Cut ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Analytical Centers

Relevance. The specifics of the fresh cut flowers market in the Russian Federation is such, that 85-100% of the total volume of flowers sold is imported. The most popular flowers among Russian consumers are roses (up to 60% in the total share of fresh flowers), chrysanthemums and carnations, all of which require certain growing conditions. Recently, the market of local seasonal flowers has begun to develop, the main players in which are small farms or household plots. Material and methods. This article presents the data about market analysis of fresh cut flowers in Russia for the last five years (2015-2020). For this analysis were used the methods applied in economics. The main information database of this research includes data from official state statistics; open data from analytical centers; federal and regional regulations; data from the Federal agency for technical regulation and Metrology; reference materials of specialized data on research field; data from industry-specific portals; sites; articles and reviews written by producers of fresh cut flowers in Russia and worldwide. Results. Russia is one of the top six importers of fresh cut flowers in the world. The most popular flower among Russian consumers is a rose. There is not much suitable soil and climatic conditions in Russia for growing it on a commercial scale in the open ground. In 2018-2019 according to Rosstat data the number of flowers, grown for cutting in Russia, was estimated 263,3 billion pieces. However, now Russian flower producers are not able to meet domestic demand for fresh flowers, so there is no almost export.

scholarly journals Productivity of sorghum crops depending on agrotechnical methods of cultivation in the regions of the Russian Federation (review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
O. P. Kibalnik ◽  
I. G. Efremova ◽  
Yu. V. Bochkareva ◽  
A. V. Prakhov ◽  
D. S. Semin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
Growing Conditions

The review considers the unique diversity and versatility of the use of sorghum crops. The dependence of the yield of biomass and grain of varieties and hybrids of sorghum crops on the applied elements of the crop cultivation technology is analyzed: width of row spacing, density of standing plants in different zones of sorghum sowing in the Russian Federation. A variety of soil and climatic conditions of sorghum cultivation regions differ in the temperature regime, the reserves of soil moisture before sowing, the level of soil fertility, which determines the need to select the optimal elements of technology that ensure the achievement of the highest yield of varieties per unit area with the lowest material and technological costs. The analysis of the ways of placing plants on the own area also indicates the significant role of varietal biological features in increasing the sorghum yield, the purpose of sowing, and the level of field contamination. With limited resources of productive moisture for high-yielding sorghum varieties with a powerful habitus, wide-row sowing with row spacing of 70 cm and the density of standing plants 80-350 thousand per 1 ha, depending on the variety. Low-growing early-maturing thin-stemmed forms of grain sorghum should be sown in the usual ordinary row way with a row spacing of 15 or 30 cm with plant density of 500-600 thousand/ha. Sudan grass varieties that can withstand high density of standing plants (depending on agroclimatic conditions – up to 1.0-3.0 million per 1 ha) are cultivated using the technology of spiked cereals. As the result of the literature data analysis, the following trend has been revealed: the drier the growing conditions, the greater the requirements for choosing the optimal parameters of agrotechnical methods of cultivating sorghum crops aimed at the reducing the number of plants per area unit considering the specific character of the region of sorghum sowing.

scholarly journals Dinamika Amonium dan Nitrat Lahan Sawah Latosol pada Budidaya Konvensional Padi Lokal dan Hibrida di Subak Jatiluwih

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
GITA YUNI PERMATASARI ◽  
ANAK AGUNG ISTRI KESUMADEWI ◽  
ANAK AGUNG NGURAH GEDE SUWASTIKA
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Water Phase ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Kjeldahl Method ◽  
The Times ◽  
Rice Water

Ammonium Dynamics and Latosol Wetland Nitrates in Conventional Cultivation of Local and Hybrid Rice in Jatiluwih Subak. Plants absorb nitrogen in the form of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-). Each sample was analyzed for its ammonium and nitrate levels using macro Kjeldahl method. The results showed that the concentration of ammonium and nitrate in soil of the two rice fields were similar. The ions contents were as following: nitrate (2,67%) and ammonium (2,67%) in local rice, while those in hybrid rice fields were amounted of 1,48% and 4,59% respectivelly. The concentration of ammonium and nitrate on 21 DAC in soil samples remained low and rose at 28 DAC, then decreased at 56 DAC. It means that the times of fertilizing always done by the farmers were not appropriate.The content of ammonium and nitrate in water phase much lower than that in soils for both types of rice plants. The highest concentration of ammonium in local rice fields was 0,093% at the time of tillage and the lowest 0% on 21 DAC, while the highest nitrate concentrations in local rice water was 0,37% at 70 DAC and the lowest was 0% at of 21 DAC. The highest ammonium concentrations in hybrid rice 0,33% at 14 DAC, and the lowest 0% at 42 HST, while the highest nitrate content 0,47% at 42 DAC and the lowest 0% at the time of tillage. The fertilizing times recommended based on the findings of this reaserch is at 10-15 DAC for both rice types and another subsquent fertilization on 60-65 DAC for local rice and 40-45 DAC in hybrid rice.

СОСТОЯНИЕ МЕЛИОРАТИВНОГО ФОНДА БАССЕЙНА Р.КУБАНЬ ПО КРАСНОДАРСКОМУ КРАЮ, РЕСПУБЛИКЕ АДЫГЕЯ И КАРАЧАЕВО-ЧЕРКЕССКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ

2020 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
V.R. Enakaeva ◽  
N.M. Popova ◽  
E.N. Getman
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Agriculture Land ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
The Republic

В статье приведены показатели по Краснодарскому краю, Республике Адыгея и Карачаево-Черкесской Республике, характеризующие мелиоративное состояние орошаемых земель. Выполнена сравнительная оценка мелиоративного состояния орошаемых и осушаемых сельскохозяйственных угодий и технического состояния мелиоративных систем за 2013 и 2018 годы по официальным данным сайта Департамента мелиорации Минсельхоза РФ.The article presents indicators for the Krasnodar territory, the Republic of Adygea and the Karachay-Cherkess Republic that characterize the reclamation status of irrigated lands. A comparative assessment of irrigated and drained agricultural lands reclamation status and technical condition of reclamation systems in 2013 and 2018, according to the official website of the Russian Federation Ministry of agriculture land reclamation department.

scholarly journals "3DT" concept as a model for integrating trauma and orthopedic services into priority areas of development and national projects of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
A.V. Gubin ◽  
◽  
N.V. Khan ◽  
S.O. Ryabykh ◽  
E.N. Ovchinnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Organizational Model ◽  
Organizational Models ◽  
Main Requirement ◽  
Orthopedic Care ◽  
The Russian Federation

Introduction In the year of anniversaries of two leading national centers for traumatology and orthopedics, the authors analyzed the main problems and current challenges in specialized trauma and orthopedic care (TOC). Historical parallels in the development of TOC in our country and its problems and trends abroad motivated the authors to conduct an analysis while the need for their comparative assessment determined the purpose of the work which is a brief analysis of the organizational model of TOC and substantiation of a "3DT" concept as a contemporary organizational model of trauma and orthopedic service in the Russian Federation. Results and discussion The analysis of current trends in the trauma and orthopedic (TO) service showed its variability over the past three decades. However, the original organizational structure of specialized TO care remained almost the same. A comparative assessment of organizational models has shown that the models for providing specialized care in developed countries are extremely diverse. The availability of assistance does not depend on the population density and tariffs even in the regions of developed countries. In addition, the monetary assessment of treatment of spinal pathology, as an example, has not been standardized and harmonized across countries and regions. It is also important to evaluate the steady increase in high technology care with the use of more developed systems of diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and, accordingly, its growing costs. The challenges that our specialty faces may be conditionally divided into technical, socio-economic and organizational ones with the need to create a clear vertical structure of organization, control and referral of patients with organizational decisions for selection of patients with a TO profile according to flows within various areas of subspecialties, the need for justification and feed-back control of financing systems for various types of TO assistance. The challenges described above motivated us to propose a new “3DT” organizational concept as a basis for a more stable and understandable model for the functioning of the national trauma and orthopedic service. The proposed basic model includes 4 direction sectors: D1 (pediatric diseases of the musculoskeletal system and their outcomes); D2 (degenerative and involuntary pathology of the musculoskeletal system); D3 (destructive diseases of the musculoskeletal system of tumor or infectious origin); T (trauma of the musculoskeletal system and its consequences), that all have fundamentally different approaches to organization and planning. The main requirement for the model is its simple application by all participants directly or indirectly involved in the provision of care: orthopedic and trauma specialists, doctors of other specialties, authorities and financial institutions, patients, their relatives and patient communities. Conclusion The advantages of the 3DT model lie in the possibility of extrapolating this concept to any region of the Russian Federation, taking into account the difference in their resources. The integral criterion of its effectiveness may be the assessment of the development of these areas as a whole, rather than separate types of assistance. In each sector, it is necessary to indicate the basic, additional and optional amount of assistance. All regions must have the basic level, while the state funding of additional and, moreover, optional assistance should not be carried out without providing the basic one.

scholarly journals Results of assessment of the efficacy of therapeutic and diagnostic aid to diabetic patients based on prospective studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Yury Ivanovich Suntsov ◽  
Oksana Vladimirovna Maslova ◽  
Igor Vladislavovich Kazakov
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diagnostic Aid ◽  
Sensory Responsiveness ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Metabolic Indices

Aim. Comparative assessment of the prevalence of diabetic complications (DC) and the main metabolic indices in adult patients with DM1 and DM2 in the periodfrom 2003 to 2009. Materials and methods. The study based on the Diabet Tsentr mobile module was designed to perform screening (2003) and rescreening (2009) for DC in severalregions of the Russian Federation. Laboratory analyses included measurement of blood HbA1c, creatinine, urea, total cholesterol levels, and albumin in singlevoidurine samples. The patients underwent fundoscopy, evaluation of all forms of sensory responsiveness, measurement of arterial pressure, and ECG. The resultswere treated with the use of Statistica 6 software. They are presented as median, 25th and 75th percentiles (Me[25%;75%]). The difference between the groups wasregarded as statistically significant at p

scholarly journals Impact of growing conditions on the gum properties of different genotypes of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 941-948
Author(s):  
I. V. Kruchina-Bogdanov ◽  
E. V. Miroshnichenko ◽  
R. A. Shaukharov ◽  
E. N. Kantemirova ◽  
M. A. Golovina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Growing Conditions

Galactomannan (gum), a water-soluble polysaccharide, is widely used as a gelling agent in liquids, including in the oil and gas industry for hydraulic fracturing. The most effective source of this valuable plant material is seeds of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.), a legume crop new for Russia. Although in recent years progress has been made in the selection of guar varieties adapted to the conditions of the Russian Federation, the question of the most appropriate region for the cultivation of this crop remains open. The purpose of the study was to investigate how a region and technology of guar cultivation can affect the main indicators of the final target product: the content and viscosity of guar gum extracted from the seeds of various guar genotypes. To understand this, ecogeographical tests of 13 guar accessions from the VIR collection were conducted at the experimental stations of the Vavilov Institute (VIR), where climatic conditions correspond to the temperature requirements of the crop. To compare the properties of gum extracted from the seeds of various genotypes, a fast-tracked laboratory method was suggested allowing gum extracts to be obtained for assessing their viscosity. The method allows fast screening of the breeding material and selecting guar genotypes with beneficial properties of guar gum which are in demand by the oil industry. Applying the fast laboratory method for assessing the properties of gum in seeds of 13 guar varieties showed that the content and viscosity of gum of the same variety vary greatly depending on growing conditions. The same set of 13 guar accessions was grown in 2018 at the Volgograd, Astrakhan, Dagestan and Kuban VIR experimental stations. As a result, the maximum viscosity values were obtained for the seeds reproduced at the Astrakhan region, where the guar was grown on irrigated lands. On the other hand, the maximum gum content in the seeds of all accessions was recorded when they were grown in the Volgograd region. The results showed that the guar gum extracted from seeds of guar plants grown in the Russian Federation can be used as a gelling agent in the processes of intensification of oil production by the method of hydraulic fracturing. This experience is new to the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NITRATE AMOUNT IN GROUNDWATER AND NATURAL FACTORS

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma Pociene ◽  
Skirmantas Pocius
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Surface Precipitation ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations

In Lithuania almost the whole drinking water is derived from groundwater sources. The concept of ground@water vulnerability is based on an assumption that a physical environment may provide some degree of protection to groundwater against human impact.The earth materials may act as natural filters to screen out some contaminants. Groundwater vulnerability depends on the natural characteristics of a site and relates to the pathways and rate of downward movement of pollutants. Pollutant migration through the soil zone depends just on the depth of waterlogging, texture, organic matter content, quantity of precipitation.. Pollutants accumulating in shallow groundwater in the Lithuanian area are, first of all, nitrates and organic matter. Regularities of groundwater chemistry can be determined only after investigation into the processes of their formation. That is why we need to find out the main factors of nitrate concentrations in groundwater. Investigation took place in Karkiškes object of Educational Farm of Lithuanian University of Agriculture in 1997–2002. Also, the data from publications were used. The regime of groundwater level and the quantity of nitrates in it was an object of the investigation. The objective of the thesis is to estimate correlation between nitrate concentrations in groundwater and natural factors, such as textural composition of the soil, the quantity of clay and humus particles in the soil, the depth up to the groundwater level, the depth of a restrictive layer and annual precipitation amount. The correlation analysis was used to determine relationship among these factors. The investigation shows that the concentration of nitrogen in groundwater and nitrate leaching are under the influence of humus and clay particles in the soil. It also shows that, when the content of clay particles in the soil increases, nitrogen leaching decreases. Relationship between nitrate content in groundwater and its level from the soil surface, precipitation amount were identified by the investigation. The obtained relationship is close enough, and the correlation coefficients are high (0,86–0,98).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document