scholarly journals Macroscopic anatomy of the fetal nasal cavity

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Elena D. Lutsai ◽  
Maksim I. Anikin ◽  
Nuriya I. Murtazina ◽  
Svetlana I. Naidenova ◽  
Anton V. Anisimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Choanal Atresia ◽  
Macroscopic Anatomy ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
External Nose ◽  
Nasal Passages ◽  
Bilateral Differences ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Objectives to describe the macromicroscopic anatomy of the nasal cavity in the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesis. Material and methods. The object of the study was horizontal histotopograms of the nose of 15 fetuses of both genders at the age of 1922 weeks of the intermediate fetal period of ontogenesis. The study used the method of macromicroscopic preparation, the modified method of saw cuts according to N.I. Pirogov, and the histotopographic method. Results. On the horizontal histotopographic sections the external nose was shaped like a triangle. The structures of the external nose were covered with skin soldered to the underlying tissues. In soft tissues, there was a large accumulation of arterial and venous vessels, nerves, and glands. In the intermediate fetal period, the nasal passages had the shape of a triangle, with the base turned to the nasal part of the pharynx. It was found that the anterior-posterior size of the nasal septum in fetuses of the intermediate fetal period was 14.054.34 mm, with a range of fluctuations from 5.75 to 19.85 mm. The anterior-posterior size of the nasal septum in female fetuses was greater than the anterior-posterior size of the septum of male fetuses. The value of the width of the nasal septum was the maximum in the lower third, and reached up to 2.540.67 mm. The narrowest part of the nasal septum was its middle third, the value was 1.630.47 mm. The areas of the nasal passages had no bilateral differences. Conclusion. In the intermediate fetal period there is the establishment of qualitative and quantitative macromicroscopic anatomy of the nasal cavity. All the main structures are determined: the nasal septum, nasal conchs, mucosa, and blood vessels. Sexual differences begin to form, and there are no bilateral differences. Quantitative characteristics of the structures of the nasal cavity in fetuses can serve as a justification for early surgical intervention in choanal atresia.

Method of surgical treatment of the saddle nose deformity

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
D. S. Pshennikov ◽  
◽  
Z. M. Abdulaev ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Nasal Dorsum ◽  
Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System ◽  
Saddle Nose Deformity ◽  
External Nose

Saddle deformity of the external nose, which is a consequence of trauma, is usually combined with a nasal septal deviation and is quite widespread in the population. The problem of surgical treatment of this group of patients lies not only in the technical complexity, trauma of the proposed methods but also in the need to carry out significant interventions under general anesthesia, which limits the use of available techniques by a wide number of ENT surgeons, increases the duration of the operation, recovery time and temporary disability of the patient. The invention aims to improve surgical treatment of patients with saddle nasal deformity by providing stable cosmetic and functional results. Materials and methods: The proposed method of surgical treatment of saddle deformity of nasal dorsum includes several stages. Cartilage autograft taken from nasal septum during septoplasty is milled to 0,5–1,0 mm, mixed with 0,5 ml of latex tissue glue (LTG) having hemostatic and antiseptic properties due to aminocaproic acid and dioxidine content, respectively. This mixture is kept for 5 minutes and delivered to the pocket formed under the SMAS (superficial musculoaponeurotic system) layer in the soft tissues of the dorsum of the external nose, after which the final shape of the nose is simulated and fixed with a plaster splint for a week. Results: Based on the department of otolaryngology of Semashko Ryazan Regional Clinical Hospital, for the period from 2012 to 2019, 17 patients were treated with a diagnosis: saddle deformity of the external nose and nasal septum deviation. All patients underwent rhinoseptoplasty under local anesthesia using LTG as described above. No complications were observed in the postoperative period. During follow-up from 7 to 24 months, patients retain constant functional and cosmetic results. Conclusions. This method is a simple, low-traumatic one of surgical treatment of saddle deformity of the nasal dorsum, which allows reducing the operation time, performing it under local anesthesia and obtaining good cosmetic and functional results. The technical simplicity and accessibility of the method make it possible to use it in hospitals engaged in the surgical treatment of nasal diseases.

The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Septal Cartilage ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Nasal Cartilages ◽  
Orbital Roof ◽  
External Nose ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lateral Walls

The nasal cavity is the entrance to the respiratory tract. Its functions are to clean, warm, and humidify air as it is inhaled. Respiratory mucosa covered by pseudostratified ciliated epithelium and goblet cells, as described in Chapter 5 and illustrated in Figure 5.2B, lines the majority of the nasal cavity. The cilia and mucus trap particles, thus cleaning the air; the mucus also humidifies the air and warming is achieved through heat exchange from blood in the very vascular mucosa. The efficiency of all these processes is increased by expanding the surface of the nasal cavity by folds of bone. The nasal cavity also houses the olfactory mucosa for the special sense of olfaction although the olfactory mucosa occupies a very small proportion of the surface of the nasal cavity. The nasal cavity extends from the nostrils on the lower aspect of the external nose to the two posterior nasal apertures between the medial pterygoid plates where it is in continuation with the nasopharynx. Bear in mind that in dried or model skulls, the nasal cavity is smaller from front to back and the anterior nasal apertures seem extremely large because the cartilaginous skeleton of the external nose is lost during preparation of dried skulls. As you can see in Figure 27.1 , the nasal cavity extends vertically from the cribriform plate of the ethmoid at about the level of the orbital roof above to the palate, separating it from the oral cavity below. Figure 27.1 also shows that the nasal cavity is relatively narrow from side to side, especially in its upper part between the two orbits and widens where it sits between the right and left sides of the upper jaw below the orbits. The nasal cavity is completely divided into right and left compartments by the nasal septum . From the anterior view seen in Figure 27.1 , you can see that the surface area of lateral walls of the nasal cavity are extended by the three folds of bone, the nasal conchae. The skeleton of the external nose shown in Figure 27.2 comprises the nasal bones, the upper and lower nasal cartilages, the septal cartilage, and the cartilaginous part of the nasal septum.

Changes in the parameters of nasal breathing and parameters of the upper respiratory tract during orthognathic operations in patients with II and III skeletal class of jaw anomalies

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
S.Sh. Gammadaeva ◽  
M.I. Misirkhanova ◽  
A.Yu. Drobyshev
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Upper Respiratory

The study analyzed the functional parameters of nasal breathing, linear parameters of the nasal aperture, nasal cavity and nasopharynx, volumetric parameters of the upper airways in patients with II and III skeletal class of jaw anomalies before and after orthognathic surgery. The respiratory function of the nose was assessed using a rhinomanometric complex. According to rhinoresistometry data, nasal resistance and hydraulic diameter were assessed. According to the data of acoustic rhinometry, the minimum cross-sectional area along the internal valve, the minimum cross-sectional area on the head of the inferior turbinate and nasal septum and related parameters were estimated. According to the CBCT data, the state of the nasal septum, the inferior turbinates, the nasal aperture, the state of the nasal cavity, and the linear values of the upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx) were analyzed. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the classification of the patency of the nasal passages by

The nasal cavity of two traversodontid cynodonts (Eucynodontia, Gomphodontia) from the Upper Triassic of Brazil

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Arymathéia Santos Franco ◽  
Rodrigo Temp Müller ◽  
Agustín G. Martinelli ◽  
Carolina A. Hoffmann ◽  
Leonardo Kerber
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Nasolacrimal Duct ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Dorsal Region ◽  
Left And Right

Abstract Traversodontidae is a group of Triassic herbivorous/omnivorous cynodonts that represents the most diversified lineage within Cynognathia. In southern Brazil, a rich fossil record of late Middle/mid-Late Triassic cynodonts has been documented, with Exaeretodon riograndensis Abdala, Barberena, and Dornelles, 2002 and Siriusgnathus niemeyerorum Pavanatto et al., 2018 representing two abundant and well-documented traversodontids. The present study provides a comparative analysis of the morphology of the nasal cavity, nasal recesses, nasolacrimal duct, and maxillary canals of both species using computed tomography, highlighting the changes that occurred in parallel to the origin of mammaliaforms. Our results show that there were no ossified turbinals or a cribriform plate delimiting the posterior end of the nasal cavity, suggesting these structures were probably cartilaginous as in nonmammaliaform cynodonts. Both species show lateral ridges on the internal surface of the roof of the nasal cavity, but the median ridge for the attachment of a nasal septum is absent. Exaeretodon riograndensis and S. niemeyerorum show recesses on the dorsal region of the nasal cavity, which increase the volume of the nasal cavity, potentially enhancing the olfactory chamber and contributing to the sense of smell. On the lateral sides of the nasal cavity, the analyzed taxa show a well-developed maxillary recess. Although E. riograndensis and S. niemeyerorum have roughly similar nasal cavities, in the former taxon, the space between the left and right dorsal recesses of the nasal cavity is uniform along its entire extension, whereas this space narrows posteriorly in S. niemeyerorum. Finally, the nasolacrimal duct of S. niemeyerorum is more inclined anteroposteriorly than in E. riograndensis.

scholarly journals Primary nasal meningioma- a case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1127-1129
Author(s):  
A Ghosh ◽  
G Ghartimagar ◽  
S Thapa ◽  
MK Shrestha ◽  
OP Talwar
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Sinonasal Tract ◽  
Nasal Stuffiness ◽  
One Year

Extracranial meningiomas may be subdivided into primary and secondary types based on absence or presence of intracranial attachments respectively. Primary sinonasal tract meningiomas are rare with unknown etiopathology and non-specific clinical presentation. Of these PEMs only 11.5% are in the nasal cavity and nasal septum. To our knowledge less than 50 cases of PEM of nasal cavity have been reported in the literature. We report a case of a 22 years old male who presented with epistaxis and increasing nasal stuffiness for the last one year.

scholarly journals ENT trauma in children: causes, frequency and characteristics in different periods of childhood

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Radtsig ◽  
◽  
M. M. Evsikova ◽  
M. A. Varavina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
External Nose ◽  
Post Traumatic

Numerous injuries (and their treatment) have been encountered since the very beginning of the development of human civilization and remain one of the most significant problems in our time, since the frequency of injuries in general (and of ENT organs in particular) does not tend to decrease either in children or adults. ENT injuries are in fourth place in terms of emergency appeal rates. The most common injury to the maxillofacial area is a fracture of the skeleton of the nose. The article presents data on the frequency of occurrence of this pathology and describes the features of the causes that caused it in different periods of childhood, presents an algorithm for managing patients. The role of homeopathic arnica-containing remedies (Arnigel®) in the conservative treatment of reactive post-traumatic events from the soft tissues of the external nose is shown.

Comparative investigations of anatomy and physiology in mammalian noses (Homo sapiens--Artiodactyla)

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
S. Grutzenmacher ◽  
D.M. Robinson ◽  
J. Sevecke ◽  
G. Mlynski ◽  
A.G. Beule
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Dead Space ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Middle Turbinate ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nasal Airflow ◽  
Functional Area ◽  
External Nose ◽  
Human Nose

Background: Knowledge of airflow in animal noses is sparse. Such knowledge could be important for selection of animal models used in environmental studies. From the phylogenetic and ontogenetic point of view, a comparison between the animal and human nose is interesting. Method: Nose models of 5 even-toed ungulate species (he-goat, sheep, cow, roebuck, wild boar) and two humans (new born infant and adult) were examined. Anatomical and physiological features of the nasal cavities of all species were compared. All models were rinsed with water and the flow was visualized for observation. Geometric and rhinoresistometric measurements were then performed. Results and conclusions: Even-toed ungulates have two turbinates directly in the main part of the nasal airflow (respiratory turbinates) and a different number of turbinates in a so-called dead space of the nasal airflow above the nasopharyngeal duct (ethmoidal turbinates). The latter correspond with the upper and middle turbinate in analogy to the human nose. Respiratory turbinates of even-toed ungulates insert immediately behind the external nasal ostium. Thus, the whole nasal cavity acts as a functional area with the exception of a small area acting as dead space only detectable in ruminants, possibly indicating a small evolutionary progress from suinae to bovidae. The shape of the animal nasal cavity is stretched and flat. The airflow runs nearly completely turbulent through the nose. The nasal cavity in the adult human is relatively short and high. The area between the external nasal ostium and the head of the inferior turbinate is called inflow area. It distributes the airflow over the whole nasal cross section and generates a turbulent flow. So the airflow is prepared to contact the mucosa in the functional area (turbinate area). The morphology of the inflow area is approximately formed by the shape of the external nose. The nasal cavity of a newborn child is also stretched and flat and more similar to the nasal shape of the investigated animals. The inflow area in the newborn nose is not yet developed and corresponds with the growing external newborn nose. One can hypothesize that the inflow area in human noses is a morphological adaptation in the changed length-height-ratio of the nasal cavity.

The nose and paranasal sinuses

2021 ◽  
pp. 455-496
Author(s):  
Daniel R. van Gijn ◽  
Jonathan Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Nasal Valve ◽  
Nasal Tip ◽  
Nasal Cartilages ◽  
Nasal Bones ◽  
External Nose ◽  
Nasal Side ◽  
Nose And Paranasal Sinuses

The external nose is pyramidal and consists of a bony cartilaginous framework. The root/radix is continuous with the forehead an inferiorly terminates at the nasal tip. The dorsum of the nose is formed by two lateral surfaces that converge in the midline. The cartilaginous structure of the nose is formed by paired upper (lateral) cartilages that contribute to the internal nasal valve with the nasal bones, and lower lateral cartilages, combined with additional minor nasal cartilages that surround the ala. The nasal septum relies upon anastomoses from five vessels: two from the ophthalmic, two from the maxillary and one from the facial. Collectively, they form Kieselbach’s plexus. The paranasal sinuses are the frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal and maxillary – located within the bones of the same name. They are paired structures lined with mucosa that is continuous with the lateral nasal side wall into which they drain, facilitating clearance of mucus by way of the mucociliary escalator.

scholarly journals Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma: a diagnostic challenge in sinonasal lesions

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. e230082
Author(s):  
Shailesh Ramesh Agrawal ◽  
Anagha Atul Joshi ◽  
Nikhil Dhorje ◽  
Renuka Bradoo
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Posterior Aspect ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma ◽  
Complete Surgical Resection ◽  
Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Rare Lesion ◽  
Respiratory Epithelial

Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH) is a rare lesion in nasal cavity first reported by Wenig and Heffner in 1995. Most commonly seen in men in third to ninth decade of life. Majority of cases presents as a polypoidal mass in one or both nasal cavities. We experienced such a case of REAH originating from the nasal septum, in posterior aspect, treated by endoscopic approach. It is important to differentiate REAH from other sinonasal pathologies like inverted papilloma and low grade sinonasal adenocarcinoma. Complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document