scholarly journals The Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Powder Using Shaker Mill Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fadli ◽  
Silvia Reni Yenti ◽  
Agung Prabowo ◽  
Siska Priscillia Aledya ◽  
Rawdatul Fadila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Ratio ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Ball Size ◽  
Nanocrystallite Size ◽  
Size And Morphology

Hydroxyapatite is a material that has the same structure and composition as the main minerals of human teeth and bones. This study's purpose was hydroxyapatite synthesis and determining the effect of variations in the ball sizes, the ratio of a mass of precursors to balls size, milling time, and ball size ratio of crystals and particles, surface area and morphology of hydroxyapatite produced by the mechanochemical method. Two different ball sizes (3mm and 6mm) and three different powder to ball ratio of 1:1.44; 1:2.88; and 1:4.32 were milled for 6 hours. Furthermore, the ball size ratio between the small ball (3 mm) and large ball (6 mm) was 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1 were milled for 2, 4, and 6 hours. The synthesized powder was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Particle Size Analysis, Brunauer-Emmet-Teller analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy to confirm hydroxyapatite structure formation with nanocrystallite size and morphology in all variables. The crystallite size increased as the powder to ball ratio increased. The surface area at powder to ball ratio of 1:2.88 and ball size of 3 mm was 19.51 m2/g, while at ball size ratio of 1:1, it was 18.82 m2/g. The morphology of hydroxyapatite was uniform to granular with mol ratio Ca/P 1.81 for powder to ball ratio and ball size variation.

scholarly journals Mining Wastes of an Albite Deposit as Raw Materials for Vitrified Mullite Ceramics

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Pedro J. Sánchez-Soto ◽  
Eduardo Garzón ◽  
Luis Pérez-Villarejo ◽  
George N. Angelopoulos ◽  
Dolores Eliche-Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Mining Wastes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maximum Value

In this work, an examination of mining wastes of an albite deposit in south Spain was carried out using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, thermo-dilatometry and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, followed by the determination of the main ceramic properties. The albite content in two selected samples was high (65–40 wt. %), accompanied by quartz (25–40 wt. %) and other minor minerals identified by XRD, mainly kaolinite, in agreement with the high content of silica and alumina determined by XRF. The content of Na2O was in the range 5.44–3.09 wt. %, being associated with albite. The iron content was very low (<0.75 wt. %). The kaolinite content in the waste was estimated from ~8 to 32 wt. %. The particle size analysis indicated values of 11–31 wt. % of particles <63 µm. The ceramic properties of fired samples (1000–1350 °C) showed progressive shrinkage by the thermal effect, with water absorption and open porosity almost at zero at 1200–1250 °C. At 1200 °C, the bulk density reached a maximum value of 2.38 g/cm3. An abrupt change in the phase evolution by XRD was found from 1150 to 1200 °C, with the disappearance of albite by melting in accordance with the predictions of the phase diagram SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O and the system albite-quartz. These fired materials contained as main crystalline phases quartz and mullite. Quartz was present in the raw samples and mullite was formed by decomposition of kaolinite. The observation of mullite forming needle-shape crystals was revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The formation of fully densified and vitrified mullite materials by firing treatments was demonstrated.

scholarly journals Development of a Solid Dispersion of Nystatin with Maltodextrin as a Carrier Agent: Improvements in Antifungal Efficacy against Candida spp. Biofilm Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Carlos Benavent ◽  
Carlos Torrado-Salmerón ◽  
Santiago Torrado-Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Characterization Studies ◽  
Candida Albicans Biofilms

The aim of this study was to improve the treatment of Candida albicans biofilms through the use of nystatin solid dispersions developed using maltodextrins as a hyperosmotic carrier. Characterization studies by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, dissolution studies, and particle size analysis were performed to evaluate changes in nystatin crystallinity. Antifungal activity and anti-biofilm efficacy were assessed by microbiological techniques. The results for nystatin solid dispersions showed that the enhancement of antifungal activity may be related to the high proportions of maltodextrins. Anti-biofilm assays showed a significant reduction (more than 80%) on biofilm formation with SD-N:MD [1:6] compared to the nystatin reference suspension. The elaboration process and physicochemical properties of SD-N:MD [1:6] could be a promising strategy for treatment of Candida biofilms.

Preparation of xanthated bentonite and its removal behavior for Pb(II) ions

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1235-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. F. He ◽  
F. R. Li ◽  
R. M. Wang ◽  
F. Y. Li ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Mechanism ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Lead Ions ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir

Xanthate was successfully grafted onto bentonite by a relatively simple solution reaction. The obtained xanthated bentonite (XBent) was characterized by FT-IR spectrophotometer, thermogravimetric analysis (TG), particle size analysis, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XBent acting as a type of environmentally friendly adsorbent was applied to remove lead ions from aqueous solutions. The optimum conditions were as follows: [Pb2 + ] = 500 mg L−1, [XBent] = 2 g L−1, pH = 5.0; oscillating 60 min under 200 rpm at 25°C. The removal rate of lead was up to 99.9%. It was found that the lead(II) ions—XBent adsorption isotherm model fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption mechanism was also investigated by SEM and XRD, which concluded that lead ions were complexed or chelated with XBent. XBent appears to have potential to be used later in water treatment as a type of inorganic polymer reagent.

Synthesis of Alpha-Tricalcium Phosphate by Wet Reaction and Evaluation of Mechanical Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1164-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Beatriz Thürmer ◽  
Rafaela Silveira Vieira ◽  
Juliana Machado Fernandes ◽  
Wilbur Trajano Guerin Coelho ◽  
Luis Alberto Santos
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cements

Calcium phosphate cements have bioactivity and osteoconductivity and can be molded and replace portions of bone tissue. The aim of this work was to study the obtainment of α-tricalcium phosphate, the main phase of calcium phosphate cement, by wet reaction from calcium nitrate and phosphoric acid. There are no reports about α-tricalcium phosphate obtained by this method. Two routes of chemical precipitation were evaluated and the use of two calcinations temperatures to obtain the phase of cement. The influence of calcination temperature on the mechanical properties of cement was evaluated. Cement samples were characterized by particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction, mechanical strength and scanning electron microscopy. The results demonstrate the strong influence of synthesis route on the crystalline phases of cement and the influence of concentration of reactants on the product of the reaction, as well as, on the mechanical properties of cement.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Rod-Like Copper Oxide Crystals

2007 ◽  
Vol 534-536 ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hwan Pee ◽  
Dong Wook Lee ◽  
Ungsoo Kim ◽  
Eui Seok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Copper Nitrate ◽  
Synthesis Temperature ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Oxide Crystals

A hyrdrothermal reaction process has been developed to prepare rod-like crystals of copper oxide using copper nitrate trihydrate as a function of synthesis temperature, stirring speed and solution pH value. The properties of the fabricated crystals were studied using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and particle size analysis. The morphology of the synthesized CuO was dependent on both the pH value of the solution and the morphology of the seed materials. Synthesized particles have regular morphologies and a uniform size distribution.

Bentonite Clays Characterization in the Town of Sossego – Paraiba State

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
I.D.S. Pereira ◽  
V.N.F. Lisboa ◽  
I.A. Silva ◽  
J.M.R. Figueirêdo ◽  
G.A. Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
The Town ◽  
Petroleum Drilling

Bentonite exhibt a range of industrial applications moving millions of dollars on the market per year. Among several applications if highlights it is use for petroleum drilling fluids. Thus, this work aims to characterize physical, mineralogical and technologically, the bentonitics clays of Sossego County, Paraíba, Brazil. Mineralogical characterization of clays was done through the following techniques: particle size analysis by laser diffraction, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, chemical analysis and x-ray diffraction. The clays were turned in by treatment with sodium in Na2CO3 and then determined whether the apparent viscosity, plastic and volume of filtrate of clay-water dispersions. The results showed that the samples are of polycationic, showing levels of MgO, CaO and K2O, similar to those from Boa Vista County, Paraíba, Brazil, and consist of clay mineral kaolinite, quartz and esmec. The clays showed rheological properties that indicate potential for use in drilling fluids.

scholarly journals In Vitro study for hesperidin nanoparticles effect on phagocytic activity against Staphylococcus aureus

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Saja Ali ◽  
Ghassan Sulaiman ◽  
Mohammed M. Al-Halbosiy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Poloxamer 407 ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Setup Cost ◽  
Phagocytosis Index

       Hesperidin is one of the flavonoids from citrus peels and it recognized to possess various biological activities such as, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials. The present investigation studies the immunological adjuvant influence of hesperidin nanoparticles. Hesperidin nanoparticles were prepared by nano-precipitation technique by using Poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymer and Poloxamer 407 was used as a stabilizer. This method was used because of their advantage of low setup cost and simplicity. Hesperidin nanoparticles were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and particle size analysis (PSA) analytical methods. The effect of hesperidin nanoparticles was higher than the effect of pure hesperidin, and there was an obvious increase in phagocytosis index (PI 82%) of hesperidin nanoparticles when compared with pure hesperidin (PI 56%) and in comparison with the control samples (PI 22%). In conclusion we need further studies about if nano-hesperidin has therapeutic effects.

scholarly journals Synthesis of SnO2 Nanoparticles by High Potential Electrolysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredy Kurniawan ◽  
Rahmi Rahmi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sno2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Reaction Engineering ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nanoparticles Synthesis ◽  
The Fourier Transform

SnO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized by high voltage electrolysis. Tin bare was used for anode and cathode. The effect of potentials and electrolyte were studied. The particles obtained after electrolysis was characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The diffractogram is in agreement with the standard diffraction pattern of SnO2 which is identified as tetragonal structure. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum indicates that there is a vibration of Sn–O asymmetric at 580 cm-1. The optimum potential for SnO2 nanoparticles synthesis is 60 V at 0.06 M HCl which shows the highest UV-Vis spectrum. The absorption peak of SnO2 nanoparticles by UV-Vis spectrophotometer appears at about 207 nm. The particle size analysis shows that the SnO2 nanoparticles obtained have the size distribution in a range of 25-150 nm with the highest volume at 83.11 nm. Copyright © 2017 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 15th November 2016; Revised: 26th February 2017; Accepted: 27th February 2017How to Cite: Rahmi, R., Kurniawan, F. (2017). Synthesis of SnO2 Nanoparticles by High Potential Electrolysis. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 12 (2): 281-286 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.2.773.281-286)Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.12.2.773.281-286 

The Evaporative Decomposition of Solutions Method (Eds) for the Production of Ultrafine Y1Ba2Cu3O7 from Nitrate and Mixed Anion Precursor Solutions

1989 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rollin E. Lakis ◽  
Sidney R. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Barium Carbonate ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

AbstractY1Ba2Cu3O7 has been prepared by the evaporative decomposition of solutions method. Nitrate and mixed anion solutions were atomized and decomposed at temperatures ranging from 300°C to 950°C. The resulting materials have been characterized using x-ray powder diffraction, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), particle size analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The powder consists of 0.3 micron agglomerated hollow spheres with a primary particle size of 0.06 micron. TGA and x-ray diffraction indicate the presence of barium nitrate and barium carbonate due to incomplete decomposition and/or product contamination by the process environment.

scholarly journals Low Temperature Soft Chemical Synthesis of Bright Blue CoAl2O4 Spinel Particles

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Christine Stella ◽  
A. Samson Nesara
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Soft Chemistry ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Chemical Route ◽  
Soft Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Bright Blue

Present work reports the preparation of bright blue CoAl2O4 spinel particles by lowtemperature soft chemical route using urea or glycine as fuel in this paper. Thecharacterization of the resulting powder was done using x-ray diffraction (XRD), particlesize analysis and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. Pure CoAl2O4 spinelparticles were prepared at relatively low temperature using this soft chemistry route at avery short duration (< 10 minutes) which is also very simple than other techniques such assolid state reaction, ceramic methods and so on. From the particle size analysis, it wasfound that the spinel particles with low diameter (below 35 μm) were formed. The SEMphotographs showed the formation of fluffy morphology with porous structure.Keywords: Cobalt aluminate spinel, low temperature soft chemistry route, XRD, SEM.DOI:  10.3126/jncs.v25i0.3302Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Volume 25, 2010 pp 62-69

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