scholarly journals Analysis of Cyber Attacks Vulnerabilities In Electrical Power Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 925-928
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Intelligent Electronic Devices

The term “Smart grid” is used for the modernized electrical power system grids. Power grids as we know it is a collection of generation units and load centers that are connected through power lines. Smart grids are a newer version of power grids which basically is the digitalization of the infrastructure with the involvement of smart meters, sensors and different types of IED’s (Intelligent Electronic Devices). As the grids become smart they become vulnerable to attacks over the internet i.e., cyber attacks

scholarly journals A Survey on Power Grid Faults and Their Origins: A Contribution to Improving Power Grid Resilience

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Mar ◽  
Pedro Pereira ◽  
João F. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
System Resilience ◽  
Types Of Faults ◽  
Power System Resilience

One of the most critical infrastructures in the world is electrical power grids (EPGs). New threats affecting EPGs, and their different consequences, are analyzed in this survey along with different approaches that can be taken to prevent or minimize those consequences, thus improving EPG resilience. The necessity for electrical power systems to become resilient to such events is becoming compelling; indeed, it is important to understand the origins and consequences of faults. This survey provides an analysis of different types of faults and their respective causes, showing which ones are more reported in the literature. As a result of the analysis performed, it was possible to identify four clusters concerning mitigation approaches, as well as to correlate them with the four different states of the electrical power system resilience curve.

Assessment and Planning of the Electrical Systems in Mexican Refineries by 2014

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Ivan Ruiz Flores ◽  
J. Hugo Rodri´guez Marti´nez ◽  
Guillermo D. Taboada ◽  
Javier Pano Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Refining Industry ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
New Process ◽  
Process Plants ◽  
Petroleum Company

Nowadays the refining sector in Mexico needs to increase the quantity and quality of produced fuels by installing new process plants for gasoline and ultra low sulphur diesel. These plants require the provision of electricity and steam, among other services to function properly, which can be supplied by the power plants currently installed in each refinery through an expansion of their generation capacity. These power plants need to increase its production of electricity and steam at levels above their installed capacity, which involves the addition of new power generating equipment (gas or steam turbo-generators) as well as the raise of the electrical loads. Currently, the Mexican Petroleum Company (PEMEX) is planning to restructure their electrical and steam systems in order to optimally supply the required services for the production of high quality fuels. In this paper the present status of the original electrical power systems of the refineries is assessed and the electrical integration of new process plants in the typical schemes is analyzed. Also this paper shows the conceptual schemes proposed to restructure the electrical power system for two refineries and the strategic planning focused on implement the modifications required for the integration of new process plants that will demand about 20 MW for each refinery by 2014. The results of the analysis allowed to identify the current conditions of the electrical power systems in the oil refining industry or National Refining Industry (NRI), and thereby to offer technical solutions that could be useful to engineers facing similar projects.

A Review of the Smart Grid Concept for Electrical Power System

2022 ◽  
pp. 1361-1385
Author(s):  
Amam Hossain Bagdadee ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Electrical Power System

The review this article conducts is an extensive analysis of the concept of a smart grid framework with the most sophisticated smart grid innovation and some basic information about smart grid soundness. Smart grids as a new scheme for energy and a future generation framework encourages the expansion of information and progress. The smart grid framework concord will potentially take years. In this article, the focus is on developing smart networks within the framework of electric power systems.

A Review of the Smart Grid Concept for Electrical Power System

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-126
Author(s):  
Amam Hossain Bagdadee ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Extensive Analysis

The review this article conducts is an extensive analysis of the concept of a smart grid framework with the most sophisticated smart grid innovation and some basic information about smart grid soundness. Smart grids as a new scheme for energy and a future generation framework encourages the expansion of information and progress. The smart grid framework concord will potentially take years. In this article, the focus is on developing smart networks within the framework of electric power systems.

scholarly journals REDUCING THE LIKELIHOOD OF ELECTRICAL POWER-RELATED DISASTERS: A FUZZY MCDM APPROACH

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 679-686
Author(s):  
Eko Setiawan ◽  
Septin Puji Astuti ◽  
Handoko Handoko
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Electricity Power ◽  
Negative Impacts

Many of disasters are related to electrical power systems. They affect human life and economy. In order to reduce the negative impacts caused by the failure of electricity power system due to disasters and to create a robust electrical power system, selecting the best relay of electricity power is a must. This study identified the best protective relay of electrical power systems of PLN in Surakarta region by applying analytic hierarchy process (AHP), one of MCDM approaches, combined with fuzzy logic. Extent analysis approach was implemented to derive priorities of various criteria, sub-criteria and alternatives. Three relays being considered in the selection process are electromagnetic relay, digital relay and static relay. Four criteria in this study are techno-economy, fault frequency, protection of transmission line and advantage of relay over others. Meanwhile, five sub-criteria for each criterion are reliability, selectivity, sensitivity, working speed and efficient. Based on the criteria and sub-criteria, it can be inferred that in terms of four working areas of PLN management in Surakarta region, digital relay is seen as the best choice of relays.

scholarly journals Тhe study of electronic generation effect on statical aperiodic stability of electrical power system

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
A. G. Fishov ◽  
I. S. Murashkina ◽  
A. I. Marchenko ◽  
E. Erdenebat ◽  
Y. S. Ivkin
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Electrical Grids ◽  
Key Aspects

One of the key aspects in the development of power engineering all over the world is the use of distributed small-scale generation. This is both based on fuel carbon resources with a synchronized connection between sources when they are connected to the electric power grids and renewable energy sources operated in the electrical grid via frequency converters (electronic generation). The latter brings an inevitable broad use of inverters in available AC power systems. The objectives of this paper are numerous. First is the desire to study the effect of electronic generation on modes and stability of current electrical grids and electrical power systems. Another objective is to establish requirements for electronic generation control that lets us minimize actions on relay protection coordination and automation upon the integration of electronic generation in power grids. A final objective is to increase the reliability of general electrical modes. This article shows the outcomes of the study on the statical aperiodic stability of the electrical power system upon the integration of electronic generation, requirements for its statical characteristics, and the control when operated within the electrical power system.

scholarly journals Analysis of cyber vulnerabilities of the emergency control and relay protection to assess the reliability and survivability of electrical power systems in the era of total digitalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 01040
Author(s):  
Alexey Osak ◽  
Daniil Panasetsky ◽  
Elena Buzina
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Relay Protection ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Emergency Control

Cyber threats pose an increasing threat to energy objects. It is essential to ensure the cybersecurity of automatic control systems, such as relay protection devices (RP), devices of regime control (RC) and emergency control (EC), automated control systems. At the same time, the issues of cybersecurity include not only the problem of hacker attacks, but also the whole complex of problems relating to adequate functioning of cybernetic systems in the power industry. The authors consider two of the most acute aspects of cybersecurity in the energy systems of the future in the era of total digitalization: large-scale prepared cyber attacks on the electrical power systems (EPS) as a whole and large-scale cyber attacks on distribution networks with small-scale generation facilities and active consumers.

scholarly journals Marginal Uncertainty Cost Functions for Solar Photovoltaic, Wind Energy, Hydro Generators, and Plug-In Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6375
Author(s):  
Elkin D. Reyes ◽  
Arturo S. Bretas ◽  
Sergio Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Cost Functions ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
High Penetration

The high penetration of renewable sources of energy in electrical power systems implies an increase in the uncertainty variables of the economic dispatch (ED). Uncertainty costs are a metric to quantify the variability introduced from renewable energy generation, that is to say: wind energy generation (WEG), run-of-the-river hydro generators (RHG), and solar photovoltaic generation (PVG). On other side, there are associated uncertainties to the charge/uncharge of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV). Thus, in this paper, the uncertainty cost functions (UCF) and their marginal expressions as a way of modeling and assessment of stochasticity in power systems with high penetration of smart grids elements is presented. In this work, a mathematical analysis is presented using the first and second derivatives of the UCF, where the marginal uncertainty cost functions (MUCF) and the UCF’s minimums for PVG, WEG, PEV, and RHG are derived. Further, a model validation is presented, considering comparative test results from the state of the art of the UCF minimum, developed in a previous study, to the minimum reached with the presented (MUCF) solution.

scholarly journals Application of Spritz Encryption in Smart Meters to Protect Consumer Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lincoln Kamau Kiarie ◽  
Philip Kibet Langat ◽  
Christopher Maina Muriithi
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Privacy Leakage ◽  
Consumer Data ◽  
And Control

The ongoing upgrade of the electrical power system into a more powerful system known as Smart Grid has both benefits and costs. Smart Grid relies on advanced communication and hence offers better services through improved monitoring, planning, and control. However, enhanced communications make Smart Grid more susceptible to privacy leaks and cyber attacks. Small meters collect detailed consumer data, such as power consumption, which can then become a major source of privacy leakage. Encryption can help protect consumer data, but great care is needed. The popular RC4 (Rivest Cipher 4) encryption has been implemented in the widely deployed smart meter standard—Open Smart Grid Protocol (OSGP)—but has been shown to have major weaknesses. This paper proposes the use of Spritz encryption. Spritz is an RC4-like algorithm designed to repair weak design decisions in RC4 to improve security. A test on performing one encryption took only 0.85 milliseconds, showing that it is fast enough not to affect the operations of a smart meter. Its ability to withstand brute force attacks on small keys is also significantly greater than RC4’s ability.

An Optimal Photovoltaic Conversion System for Future Smart Grids

2018 ◽  
pp. 601-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Makdisie ◽  
Badia Haidar ◽  
Hassan Haes Alhelou
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Active Power Line Conditioner ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy ◽  
Unbalanced Loads

Smart grid technology is the key for a reliable and efficient use of distributed energy resources. Amongst all the renewable sources, solar power takes the prominent position due to its availability in abundance. In this chapter, the authors present smart grid infrastructure issues and integrating solar PV-sourced electricity in the smart grid. Smart grid has many features, including reliability, flexibility on network topology, efficiency, sustainability, and market-enabling. The authors select a photovoltaic active power line conditioner as a case study. This line conditioner is a device designed to extract the maximum power of a photovoltaic (PV) system and to compensate the nonlinear and unbalanced loads of the electrical power systems. The performance of the PV conditioner with the neuro-fuzzy control designed has been analyzed through a simulation platform.

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