A STUDY OF BARR BODIES IN CASES OF PRIMARY AMENORRHEA.

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
M Hema Radhika ◽  
G. Krupa Elena
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Barr Body ◽  
Primary Amenorrhoea ◽  
Buccal Smear ◽  
Negative Condition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Normal Males

BACKGROUND: Barr body (or) X- chromatin is a heterochromatin mass seen in all somatic cells of females species. They account to nearly 80-90% in females and 1-3% of cells of normal males. Primary Amenorrhea a clinical condition is of varied aetiology, however Genetic factors being the major cause. Either a structural or a numerical anomaly like X- monosomy of a female results in failure of commencement of menstruation. Identication of chromatin negative condition in patients of primary amenorrhoea constitutes my study. The study i METHODOLOGY: s conducted on 58 patients who visited Obstetrics Gynaecology clinics Visakhapatnam district with presenting complaint of primary amenorrhea. Buccal smear examination is done to all the patients and observed under the microscope for Barr bodies. Photographs were taken and the observations were tabulated and analysed. Absence of Barr Body was ob RESULTS: served in 28 cases (chromatin negative) and 26 cases were chromatin positive and 4 cases showed mosaicism. Primary CONCLUSION: Amenorrhea due to chromosomal aberrations is a serious condition as it is associated with intense psychological trauma along with physical. In Turner's syndrome single X-chromosome is present (45XO), the subject is female in phenotype, but the ovaries are rudimentary (Streak Gonads) and absence of development of secondary sexual characters. So buccal smear is a simple, rapid test that will enable us to decide which patients are to be referred for further investigations to conrm the diagnosis.

Primary Amenorrhoea with Pituitary Dwarfism: A rare case report

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-147
Author(s):  
Siva S ◽  
Divya Gopineni ◽  
Shafi P ◽  
Chandra Sekhar
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Pituitary Dwarfism ◽  
Primary Amenorrhoea ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Secondary Sexual

Females with pituitary dwarfism and a multiple deficiency of pituitary hormones show ovarian dysfunction due to hypogonadotropism. Primary amenorrhea can be diagnosed if a patient has normal secondary sexual characteristics but no menarche by 16 years of age. A 16 year-old female patient admitted in general medicine department with chief complaints of shortness of breath on exertion since 15 days, swelling of both legs since 10 days, loss of weight since 5 months, loss of appetite since 3 months, history of pain during swallowing. Pelvis scan examination reveals that uterus measures 3.2×0.5×0.5cm; uterus is hypo plastic, ovaries not visualized. Patient parents reveled that from patient birth to 11years of age her growth and other developments were normal, after that her growth is stopped and no changes were observed in development since 5 years. Patient has hypothyroidism so pituitary gland make an important role to maintain hormone levels, pituitary gland produces thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) which stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones. Primary Amenorrhea, short stature and poorly developed secondary sexual characters which could have been contributed and should be subjected for karyotyping. This type of Pituitary Dwarfism is very difficult to manage.

Expert Clinical Testimony and Professional Ethics

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis S. Berger
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Ethics ◽  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
Psychiatric Assessment ◽  
The Subject

The practice of giving expert clinical testimony about a psychological or psychiatric assessment in the presence of the subject of that evaluation is examined. The potential that this practice has for inflicting psychological trauma to the subject is considered, and discussed in the context of the principles of professional clinical ethics. It is proposed that current practice may violate certain of these principles. Suggested remedial action is outlined.

scholarly journals Adherent-Invasive E. coli: Update on the Lifestyle of a Troublemaker in Crohn’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélissa Chervy ◽  
Nicolas Barnich ◽  
Jérémy Denizot
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

Besides genetic polymorphisms and environmental factors, the intestinal microbiota is an important factor in the etiology of Crohn’s disease (CD). Among microbiota alterations, a particular pathotype of Escherichia coli involved in the pathogenesis of CD abnormally colonizes the intestinal mucosa of patients: the adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) pathobiont bacteria, which have the abilities to adhere to and to invade intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), as well as to survive and replicate within macrophages. AIEC have been the subject of many studies in recent years to unveil some genes linked to AIEC virulence and to understand the impact of AIEC infection on the gut and consequently their involvement in CD. In this review, we describe the lifestyle of AIEC bacteria within the intestine, from the interaction with intestinal epithelial and immune cells with an emphasis on environmental and genetic factors favoring their implantation, to their lifestyle in the intestinal lumen. Finally, we discuss AIEC-targeting strategies such as the use of FimH antagonists, bacteriophages, or antibiotics, which could constitute therapeutic options to prevent and limit AIEC colonization in CD patients.

Testosterone versus psychological castration in the expression of dominance, territoriality and breeding behavior by male village weavers (Ploceus cucullatus)

Behaviour ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Barfield ◽  
Nicholas Collias ◽  
Edward Tarvyd
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Breeding Behavior ◽  
Subsaharan Africa ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ploceus Cucullatus ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
The Village

AbstractThe village weaver (Ploceus cucullatus), a tropical passerine bird widely distributed in subSaharan Africa, was the subject of experiments in aviaries at our university. Castrated males fall in the dominance hierarchy, fewer such males establish territorial ownership, they sing less often and weave fewer nests. Injection with testosterone propionate in castrates, or in normal males outside the breeding season, tends to stimulate aggressiveness and breeding behavior. However, the most dominant individuals may strongly suppress breeding behavior by subordinate males (psychological castration). Thus, outside the breeding season, subordinate males that were injected with testosterone propionate to which they at first showed little response, promptly began to sing or sang significantly much more often, and established territories, after dominant males were removed from their aviary.

scholarly journals Primary amenorrhea: a clinical review

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupal Samal ◽  
Syed Habeebullah
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Primary Amenorrhoea ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Extensive List

Primary amenorrhoea is a symptom with an extensive list of underlying causes, the majority of which are rare. According to the definition it should present in adolescence, although some conditions are diagnosed in childhood may present with failure of menstruation. Many causes of secondary amenorrhoea can also present with primary amenorrhoea if they arise very early in life. A systematic, compartment based approach will cover the commoner causes of primary amenorrhoea and recommend a pragmatic but cost-effective approach to achieve correct diagnosis. Treatment must be directed at the specific cause but has often wider implications for life long wellbeing like weight management, hormone replacement, sexual health and fertility.

scholarly journals Cerebral Palsy: State of Art

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
Ulrich Honemeyer ◽  
Amira Talic
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Motor Disability ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Functional Maturation ◽  
4D Ultrasound ◽  
Normal Functional ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common motor disability in childhood. It affects 2 to 2.5 children in 1000 live-births, with 20 to 30 fold increased prevalence in preterm infants. Despite of progress in perinatal care, the prevalence of cerebral palsy did not change in the last 50 years. New knowledge about etiological factors, such as inflammation, elevated level of cytokines, vascular strokes and genetic factors shift the origin of cerebral palsy mostly into antenatal period, making intrapartal damage responsible for less than 10% of cases. CP is becoming increasingly the subject of interdisciplinary research. Fetal neurosonography with a growing number of studies promises better understanding of the normal functional maturation of the human brain which may lead to effective prevention and treatment of cerebral palsy. Advances in 4D ultrasound resulted in development of KANET as tool for detection of abnormal fetal behavior.

scholarly journals Physical Exercise and Geriatric Depression: An Opinion

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Sergio Machado ◽  
Diogo Monteiro ◽  
João Moutão ◽  
Eric Murillo-Rodriguez ◽  
Tetsuya Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

Depression represents a common public health problem in the world. Depression in the elderly appears to follow a vulnerability-stress model, with an interaction between individual vulnerabilities, including genetic factors, age-related cognitive and neurobiological changes, and a variety of stressful events that occur more frequently in advanced ages, such as grief, financial problems, and reduction in autonomy/functionality. In the last decades, several studies have indicated that exercise can be effective in preventing or reducing depressive symptoms, both in healthy and psychiatric populations. Due to the scientific community's interest in the efficacy and safety of physical exercise as complementary therapy for depressed elderly patients, we conduct an opinion study on the subject. Despite the researchers' efforts, in the last decades little progress has been made in verifying the efficacy of exercise in geriatric depression.

scholarly journals Complex mullarian duct abnormality in a young female: a theraputic dilemma

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3673
Author(s):  
Mukta Agarwal ◽  
Bhawana Tiwary ◽  
Prajnanika Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Urogenital Sinus ◽  
Incomplete Fusion ◽  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Vaginal Septum ◽  
Primary Amenorrhoea ◽  
Transverse Vaginal Septum ◽  
Mullerian Ducts

Genital outflow tract obstruction is a rare cause of primary amenorrhoea. Cervical agenesis is a very rare condition often associated with atresia of vagina. Clinical diagnosis is usually difficult before surgery. Transverse vaginal septum or vaginal agenesis is also a rare condition that results from incomplete fusion between vaginal components of the mullerian ducts and urogenital sinus. If the septum is complete, the menstrual flow will be obstructed causing primary amenorrhoea. The septum is basically a membrane of fibrous connective tissue with both muscular and vascular components formed anywhere along the vagina during embryological development. Here we present a case of 18 year old female who presented with primary amenorrhea, cyclical lower abdominal pain and menouria since 5 years. There was no history of attainment of menarche. The clinical examination revealed a small, blind ending lower vagina with a tough transverse membrane separating the lower portion from the upper genital tract. The ultrasound examination revealed a normal size uterus with hematometra. The magnetic resonance imaging of pelvis confirmed the presence of hematometra and transverse vaginal septum. Transverse vaginal septum resection followed by abdomino-perineal cervicoplasty was done in this patient.

Study of buccal smear for barr bodies in cases of primary amenorrhea

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. S89-S90
Author(s):  
M. Hema Radhika ◽  
D. Ashalatha
Keyword(s):  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Buccal Smear

Alpha Hemispheric Asymmetry and Stuttering

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Moore ◽  
William O. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Hemispheric Processing ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetries ◽  
Subject Selection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Normal Males ◽  
Normal Speaking

The alpha hemispheric asymmetries of normal-speaking males, normal-speaking females and male stutterers were examined with electroencephalographic (EEG) techniques during exposure to connected speech and connected nonlinguistic stimuli. The subject selection was controlled for familial right handedness. The stutterers showed significantly less alpha in their right hemispheres for both verbal and nonverbal tasks. The findings are discussed in terms of possible variables affecting hemispheric processing in normal males, females, and stutterers. The hypothesis that stuttering may be a linguistic segmentation dysfunction is presented.

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