scholarly journals BROWN-HARLEQUIN BUG (Halyomorpha halys Stål.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
N. Skrypnyk
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
The Status ◽  
Methods Analytical ◽  
The Eu

Goal. To identify the main ways of getting into the country of invasive species brown marble bug Halyomorpha halys Stål. Methods. Analytical study of information messages to the European and Mediterranean organization of plant protection (of ESR) and data of phytosanitary services of the EU, literary and Internet resources. Results. Provides information on new economically important species Halyomorpha halys Stål., which is rapidly spreading in Europe. In Ukraine, the marble bug has the status of a quarantine, but there is a risk of further spread. His first appearance on the territory of our country has registered in 2018 Threat of invasive species, a polyphage, which causes significant damage to agricultural, forest and decorative cultures. Pest can cause damage to fruit, berry crops, vineyards, beans, soy, corn, and weeds. The list of host plants includes over 300 species of plants from 49 families, however, the preference for Halyomorpha halys gives the members of the family Rosacea. Danger of falling of the pest in Ukraine of the European countries of planting material, plant products, wood packaging materials, Luggage etc. The absence of natural enemies promotes the active dispersal of the pest. The focus should be directed on the study of natural brown marble bug. The rapid spread of Halyomorpha halys in the EU countries is of great concern to scientists. The experience of foreign scientists shows that effectively regulates its abundance parasitoid Trissolcus japonicas (Ashmead) and entomoparasitic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Conclusions. There is an active resettlement of the pest in Europe. There is a risk of introduction and spread of the species Halyomorpha halys Stål, is a threat to the country.

scholarly journals Eastern chestnuts nuts — dangerous chestnut pest

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
N. Skrypnyk ◽  
O. Marieva
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Dryocosmus Kuriphilus ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Torymus Sinensis ◽  
Methods Analytical ◽  
Mediterranean Plant ◽  
Effective Drugs

Goal. Determine the main ways of entry into the country of the dangerous quarantine type of eastern chestnut walnut-fruit (Asian chestnut gall Trach). Methods. Analytical informational messages of the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), as well as data of EU phytosanitary services, literature and Internet resources. Results. Information is given on the new economically important species of Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yas., which is rapidly spreading in the countries of Europe. In Ukraine, the eastern chestnut nut walnut has a quarantine status. The threat of entering the species Dryocosmus kuriphilus with planting material (seedlings) of certain types of chestnuts from European countries in Ukraine exists. The absence of natural enemies contributes to the active resettlement of the pest. The focus should be on the study of the entomophages of the walnutworm. It is known that in Japan it is found in 26 species of parasitoids that control reproduction, in China — 11, in Korea and Italy — 15 species. The rapid spread of the pest in the EU is of great concern to scientists. The lack of natural enemies, as well as effective drugs approved for use, threaten the disappearance of chestnut plantations. The experience of some European countries shows that it effectively regulates the number of its specialized Torymus sinensis parasitoids, which was introduced into Europe from China and Japan. Conclusions There is a danger of entering into Ukraine the species Dryocosmus kuriphilus, which has quarantine status and is a threat to chestnut plantations.

Methodological foundations of plant protection from dangerous pests in nurseries of fruit and berry crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
A. S. Zeynalov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Quality Category ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures

In the production of planting material, it is important to choose a healthy, highly productive source material, with typical varietal characteristics, and, if necessary, their disinfection), as well as reliable protection against dangerous pests at further stages of cultivation. This requires a scientifically based methodological approach and phytosanitary measures in several areas. First of all, it is required to study and classify in detail hazardous pests and pathogens, select methods for accounting and identifying in accordance with their degree of danger and the quality category of planting material. Apply comprehensive measures to prevent the entry of pests in the territory of growing planting material and timely eliminate the centers of potential threat.

In or Out?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E. De Vries
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Alternative State ◽  
Empirical Measurement ◽  
The Status ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

This chapter introduces a benchmark theory of public opinion towards European integration. Rather than relying on generic labels like support or scepticism, the chapter suggests that public opinion towards the EU is both multidimensional and multilevel in nature. People’s attitudes towards Europe are essentially based on a comparison between the benefits of the status quo of membership and those associated with an alternative state, namely one’s country being outside the EU. This comparison is coined the ‘EU differential’. When comparing these benefits, people rely on both their evaluations of the outcomes (policy evaluations) and the system that produces them (regime evaluations). This chapter presents a fine-grained conceptualization of what it means to be an EU supporter or Eurosceptic; it also designs a careful empirical measurement strategy to capture variation, both cross-nationally and over time. The chapter cross-validates these measures against a variety of existing and newly developed data sources.

scholarly journals Experts’ moral views on gene drive technologies: a qualitative interview study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. de Graeff ◽  
Karin R. Jongsma ◽  
Annelien L. Bredenoord
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Epistemic Uncertainty ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Interview Study ◽  
Gene Drive ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
The Status

Abstract Background Gene drive technologies (GDTs) promote the rapid spread of a particular genetic element within a population of non-human organisms. Potential applications of GDTs include the control of insect vectors, invasive species and agricultural pests. Whether, and if so, under what conditions, GDTs should be deployed is hotly debated. Although broad stances in this debate have been described, the convictions that inform the moral views of the experts shaping these technologies and related policies have not been examined in depth in the academic literature. Methods In this qualitative study, we interviewed GDT experts (n = 33) from different disciplines to identify and better understand their moral views regarding these technologies. The pseudonymized transcripts were analyzed thematically. Results The respondents’ moral views were principally influenced by their attitudes towards (1) the uncertainty related to GDTs; (2) the alternatives to which they should be compared; and (3) the role humans should have in nature. Respondents agreed there is epistemic uncertainty related to GDTs, identified similar knowledge gaps, and stressed the importance of realistic expectations in discussions on GDTs. They disagreed about whether uncertainty provides a rationale to refrain from field trials (‘risks of intervention’ stance) or to proceed with phased testing to obtain more knowledge given the harms of the status quo (‘risks of non-intervention’ stance). With regards to alternatives to tackle vector-borne diseases, invasive species and agricultural pests, respondents disagreed about which alternatives should be considered (un)feasible and (in)sufficiently explored: conventional strategies (‘downstream solutions’ stance) or systematic changes to health care, political and agricultural systems (‘upstream solutions’ stance). Finally, respondents held different views on nature and whether the use of GDTs is compatible with humans’ role in nature (‘interference’ stance) or not (‘non-interference stance’). Conclusions This interview study helps to disentangle the debate on GDTs by providing a better understanding of the moral views of GDT experts. The obtained insights provide valuable stepping-stones for a constructive debate about underlying value conflicts and call attention to topics that deserve further (normative) reflection. Further evaluation of these issues can facilitate the debate on and responsible development of GDTs.

Regulating Proxy Advisors Through Transparency: Pros and Cons of the EU Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaia Balp
Keyword(s):  
Status Quo ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
European Regulation ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Proxy Advisors ◽  
Legal Constraints ◽  
The Eu

This article outlines potential pros and cons of a future European regulation of proxy advisory firms, as set forth in the Commission’s Proposal for a Directive amending Directive 2007/36/EC. After summarizing criticisms concerning the proxy advisory industry, and findings regarding its de facto influence on investors’ voting conduct both in the US and in the European context, the article adverts to why the power of proxy advisors appears to be overestimated. Uncertainty on the status quo of the industry’s actual impact on key decisions in listed companies, as well as costs associated with a regulation, need to be considered for assessing the suitability of the rules drafted to ensure adequate levels of independence and quality of voting recommendations. While transparency rules may be preferred to stricter legal constraints or requirements in a first stage, possible shortcomings of the Draft Directive exist that may undermine its effectiveness. Analyzing the amendments to the Proposal adopted by the European Parliament, and the Council’s Presidency compromise text, may suggest a preferable approach as regards single rules still making their way through the European legislative process.

Vegetation ecology with anthropic drivers and consequences

2021 ◽  
pp. 030913332199937
Author(s):  
George P Malanson ◽  
Michelle L Talal ◽  
Elizabeth R Pansing ◽  
Scott B Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Fire Ecology ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Processes Of Change ◽  
Community Classification ◽  
The Status ◽  
Plant Community Classification ◽  
Anthropogenic Drivers

Current research on vegetation makes a difference in people’s lives. Plant community classification is a backbone of land management, plant communities are changing in response to anthropogenic drivers, and the processes of change have impacts on ecosystem services. In the following progress report, we summarize the status of classification and recent research on vegetation responses to pollution, especially nitrogen deposition, invasive species, climate change, and land use and direct exploitation. Two areas with human feedbacks are underscored: fire ecology and urban ecology. Prominent questions at the current research frontier are highlighted with attention to new perspectives.

scholarly journals Recognition in international law: The case of Kosovo and Metohija

2015 ◽  
pp. 289-306
Author(s):  
Tijana Surlan
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Constitutive Theory ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Official Position ◽  
The Status ◽  
North Part ◽  
The Eu

Recognition is an instrument of the public international law founded in the classical international law. Still, it preserves its main characteristics formed in the period when states dominated as the only legal persons in international community. Nevertheless, the instrument of recognition is today as vibrant as ever. As long as it does not have a uniform legal definition and means of application, it leaves room to be applied to very specific cases. In this paper, the instrument of recognition is elaborated from two aspects - theoretical and practical. First (theoretical) part of the paper presents main characteristics of the notion of recognition, as presented in main international law theories - declaratory and constitutive theory. Other part of the paper is focused on the recognition in the case of Kosovo. Within this part, main constitutive elements of state are elaborated, with special attention to Kosovo as self-proclaimed state. Conclusion is that Kosovo does not fulfill main constitutive elements of state. It is not an independent and sovereign state. It is in the status of internationalized entity, with four international missions on the field with competencies in the major fields of state authority - police, judiciary system, prosecution system, army, human rights, etc. Main normative framework for the status of Kosovo is still the UN Resolution 1244. It is also the legal ground for international missions, confirming non-independent status of Kosovo. States that recognized Kosovo despite this deficiency promote the constitutive theory of recognition, while states not recognizing Kosovo promote declaratory theory. Brussels Agreement, signed by representatives of Serbia and Kosovo under the auspices of the EU, has also been elaborated through the notion of recognition - (1) whether it represents recognition; (2) from the perspective of consequences it provokes in relations between Belgrade and Pristina. Official position of Serbian Government is clear - Serbia does not recognize Kosovo as an independent and sovereign state. On the other hand, subject matter of Brussels Agreement creates new means of improvement for Kosovo authorities in the north part of Kosovo. Thus, Serbian position regarding the recognition is twofold - it does not recognize Kosovo in foro externo, and it completes its competences in foro domestico. What has been underlined through the paper and confirmed in the conclusion is that there is not a recognition which has the power to create a state and there is not a non-recognition which has the power to annul a state.

scholarly journals Den Stier das Tanzen lehren?

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (168) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Fisahn
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
The European Union ◽  
German Government ◽  
Capital Movements ◽  
Authoritarian State ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Eu

The crisis of the European Union cannot be solved by austerity programs. Therefore a closer look at the reasons of the crisis seems to be reasonable, which includes a description of the development of the EU from 1951 to present times. The Union started as a tariff union and evolved through different steps to an order of competitive states. The main fields of competition between the states are taxes and social costs, which leads to tax dumping and a race to the bottom in social benefits. Starting in 1990 the EU achieved the status of an open financial market, with the duty of deregulation of capital movements being stipulated in Treaties. In the end the problem is not a debt crisis but a crisis of the structure of the European Union. The solution – which especially the German government prefers – may be the first step on the way to an authoritarian state.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL BUSINESS IN UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Iryna Skorokhod ◽  
Lyudmyla Hrynchuk
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Status ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Eu

Introduction. The article deals the impact of European integration on the development of ecological business in Ukraine. The Association of Ukraine and the EU implies adaptation and reforms not only in economy, but also in others areas, including ecology. The factors of influence and their consequences on the development of environmental business in the state are investigated. The main obstacles for using the experience of the EU countries are highlighted. Prospects of further using of "green enterprise" methods in Ukraine are considered. Purpose. The aim of the article is to reveal the essence, forms, stages of formation and innovative forms of the ecological business; to analyze the experience of ecological business and its regulation in the EU countries; to characterize the status and the impact of European integration on ecological business in Ukraine. Method (methodology). Methods of analogy and comparison are used in the study of problematic aspects of Ukraine and the EU in the field of ecology. Statistical methods are used for analyzing the dynamics of indicators of the development of ecological business in the state. Systematic approach is used for explaining strategic guidelines and identifying further promising ways for the development of ecological business in Ukraine. Results. The main aspects of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU have been analyzed. The main directions of further development of common cooperation have been singled out. The proposals of improving the position of Ukrainian eco-goods and services on the European market have been substantiated.

scholarly journals Zmiany wartości zużytych nawozów i środków ochrony roślin w krajach Unii Europejskiej w latach 2010-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 20(35) (1) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Zalewski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Intermediate Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Means Of Production ◽  
The Given ◽  
Clear Increase ◽  
Ward Method ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Means Of Production

Currently, agricultural means of production are of great importance in agribusiness, in particular mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products. The article attempts to present and compare changes in the value of used fertilizers and plant protection products in European Union countries in 2010-2018. Changes in the value of used fertilizers and plant protection products per 1 ha of UAA and changes in the share of these means of production in intermediate consumption were examined. It was found that the value of used fertilizers and plant protection products per 1 ha of UAA increased on average in the EU. Their share in intermediate consumption also increased. As a result of grouping objects using the Ward method, 4 clusters of countries were obtained, which differed in terms of the proposed features, while the countries that created the given cluster were characterized by similar values of variables. The countries where both a clear increase in the value of used fertilizers and plant protection products per unit area as well as a significant increase in their value in intermediate consumption were observed: Lithuania, Bulgaria and Estonia. However, a decline in demand for the discussed means of production occurred in Belgium, Croatia, Slovenia, Denmark, Finland and Portugal.

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