scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF SUSPECTED PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY OUTBREAK IN DECHENTSEMO CENTRAL SCHOOL, THINLEYGANG, PUNAKHA

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshe Ten ◽  
Laigden Dzed ◽  
Sangay Thinley ◽  
Deki Tshomo ◽  
Karma Dechen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Daily Allowance ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Fischer Exact Test

Background: A suspected peripheral neuropathy outbreak was reported from Dechentsemo Central School, Thinleygang, Punakha, following which the investigation team was immediately dispatched in the field.Objective: The aim of investigation was to ascertain the cause and risk factor for the outbreak in order to implement control measures.Methods: A case control study was devised for the investigation to study about the past exposure or deficiencies in order to find out the suspected cause and risk factors.  A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was administered to both cases and controls to collect information on the type of food they have consumed. The information garnered was analyzed using Chi-Square or Fischer Exact test for categorical variables and Man-Whitney U-test for quantitative variables. Results: All 17 cases were females with mean age of 13 years (SD 2.7 years). The average daily amount of thiamine intake was 0.6 mg/day for case and 0.8 mg/day for controls against the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of 1.2 mg/day. Case and control patients differed significantly with respect to fat intake (p-value = 0.02), more strongly with folate and iron intake (p-value 0.01).Conclusion: The outbreak of peripheral neuropathy in Dechentsemo Central School appears to be linked to reduced dietary intake rich in vitamin B1 coupled with low intake of folate and iron in their diet.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI NEUROPATI PERIFER TERKAIT HIV DI MANADO

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deivy Cirayow ◽  
Arthur Hendrik Philips Mawuntu ◽  
Herlyani Khosama
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Hiv Dementia ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
International Hiv Dementia Scale ◽  
Hiv Aids

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE HIV ASSOCIATED PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY IN MANADOABSTRACTIntroduction: There are  several sociodemographic and clinical factors that influence the development of HIV associated peripheral  neuropathy (HIV-PN). Manado has different sociodemographic and clinical characteristics  from other regions. However, the percentage of HIV-PN and its influencing factors are unknown.Aims: To know the percentage of HIV-PN and factors that influence this disorder in Manado.Methods: A crosssectional study conducted in HIV/AIDS clinic R.D. Kandou hospital Manado between November2016–January 2017. Neuropathy evaluation was performed using brief peripheral neuropathy screening (BPNS), neuropathic pain diagnostic questionnaire (DN4), and electroneurography. A Chi-square or Fisher exact test was done to analyze categorical variables, independent T or Mann-Whitney test was done for numerical variables, and linear regression was done in multivariate analysis.Results: 50 subjects were included, most were male (70%), and the mean age was 32.98 (±9.726) years, with HIV- NP percentage was 46%. Age >30 years old, low hemoglobin count, CD4, and low international  HIV dementia scale (IHDS) significantly associated with HIV-NP. Working subjects were 13.6 times more likely to have HIV-PN.Discussion: HIV-PN prevalence was relatively high, influenced by age >30 years old an low hemoglobin, CD4, andIHDS. As a factor, working was escalating the likelihood of NP-HIV by 13.9 times.Keywords: HIV/AIDS, influencing factors, peripheral neuropathyABSTRAKPendahuluan: Neuropati perifer terkait human immunodeficiency virus/HIV (NP-HIV) dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor klinis dan sosiodemografis. Manado mempunyai karakteristik yang berbeda dengan daerah lain, namun belum diketahui persentase NP-HIV dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya.Tujuan: Mengetahui persentase NP-HIV dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya di Manado.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang terhadap pasien HIV/AIDS di poliklinik HIV/AIDS RSUP Prof. dr. R.D. Kandou, Manado, pada November 2016–Januari 2017.  Evaluasi neuropati dilakukan menggunakan brief peripheral  neuropathy screening (BPNS), neuropathic pain diagnostic questionnaire (DN4), dan elektroneurografi. Digunakan uji Chi-square atau Fisher exact untuk menganalisis variabel kategorik, uji T independen atau Mann-Whitney untuk variabel numerik, dan regresi linear untuk analisis multivariat.Hasil: Didapatkan 50 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian dengan mayoritas laki-laki (70%), rerata usia32,98±9,726 tahun, dan mengalami NP-HIV sebanyak 46%. Usia >30 tahun, kadar hemoglobin, jumlah CD4, dan skor international  HIV dementia scale (IHDS) yang rendah berhubungan secara bermakna dengan adanya NP-HIV. Adapun subjek yang bekerja berisiko 13,6 kali lebih besar mengalami NP-HIV.Diskusi: Didapatkan prevalensi NP-HIV yang cukup tinggi dengan dipengaruhi oleh usia >30 tahun serta kadar hemoglobin, CD4, dan skor IHDS yang rendah. Faktor bekerja juga meningkatkan kecenderungan 13,9 kali mengalami NP terkait HIV.Kata kunci: Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi, HIV/AIDS, neuropati perifer

Concomitant Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Shock: Outcomes Using the Spanish Trauma ICU Registry (RETRAUCI)

2020 ◽  
pp. 000313482094999
Author(s):  
Mario Chico-Fernández ◽  
Jesús A. Barea-Mendoza ◽  
Jon Pérez-Bárcena ◽  
Iker García-Sáez ◽  
Manuel Quintana-Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Fresh Frozen

Background To compare the main outcomes of trauma patients with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI), hemorrhagic shock, and the combination of both using data from the Spanish trauma intensive care unit (ICU) registry (RETRAUCI). Methods Patients admitted to the participating ICUs from March 2015 to May 2019 were included in the study. The main outcomes were analyzed according to the presence of TBI, hemorrhagic shock, and/or both. Comparison of groups with quantitative variables was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and differences between groups with categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. A P value <.05 was considered significant. Results Overall, 310 patients (3.98%) were presented with TBI and hemorrhagic shock. Patients with TBI and hemorrhagic shock received more red blood cell (RBC) concentrates, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), a higher ratio FFP/RBC, and had a higher incidence of trauma-induced coagulopathy (60%) ( P < .001). These patients had higher mortality ( P < .001). Intracranial hypertension was the leading cause of death (50.4%). Conclusions Concomitant TBI and hemorrhagic shock occur in nearly 4% of trauma ICU patients. These patients required a higher amount of RBC concentrates and FFP and had an increased mortality.

scholarly journals The Incidence and Nature of Claims against Dentists Related to Periodontal Treatment in Israel during the Years 2005–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4153
Author(s):  
Dima Nassar ◽  
Nirit Tagger-Green ◽  
Haim Tal ◽  
Carlos Nemcovsky ◽  
Eitan Mijiritsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Malpractice Claims ◽  
Dental Practitioners

Background: In recent years, worldwide dental malpractice claims have dramatically increased. The purpose of the present study is to analyze periodontal therapy related claims in Israel that led to legal decisions. Methods: This retrospective cohort study includes malpractice claims against dental practitioners related to periodontology between 2005 and 2019. Only closed cases where a final decision was made were included. The chi-square test or Fisher exact test for categorical variables were performed and a p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: During the study period there were 508 legal claims related to periodontal disease. Most plaintiffs were women (63.4%), and 71.3% of the patients were >35 years old. Most claims (82.8%) were settled out of court and ended in compromise. Claims concerning the treatment of periodontal disease by periodontists accounted only for 4.5% (23/508) of the cases while 95.5% (485/508) of the claims were for complications secondary to another treatment. Prosthodontic treatment was involved with the highest number 54.5%, followed by dental implants 17.7%, and endodontics 11.6%. The allegations were related to pain and distress (84.8%), aggravation of existent periodontal disease (83.3%), tooth loss (78.1%), and violation of autonomy (47%). Conclusions: The main cause for lawsuits was related to aggravation of periodontal disease during prosthetic or implant therapy and related to suspected faulty or inexistent preoperative diagnosis and planning. Practical implications: Periodontal consultation before dental treatment may reduce malpractice risks, adverse events, and un-necessary changes of treatment plans.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Household Livestock Keeping and Nutritional Status of Under-5 Children in Rural Parts of the Eastern Province of Zambia

SAGE Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401667250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolani Banda ◽  
Martin C. Simuunza ◽  
Chisoni Mumba
Keyword(s):  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Mixed Farming ◽  
Crop Farming ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

A case-control study was conducted to determine the relationship between household livestock keeping and malnutrition levels of under-5 children. A questionnaire was used to capture data on the hypothesized risk factors. Fisher’s Exact test was used to determine associations between categorical variables and binary logistic regression analysis to determine predictors of malnutrition among under-5 children. A total of 145 households were sampled using a stratified random sampling method. About 72.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = [63.9%, 81.0%]) of households in the study area kept livestock and the overall level of malnutrition was 34.5% (CI = [21.3%, 47.7%]). Livestock keeping among households that were cases was 31.4% (95% CI = [22.5%, 40.3%]) and slightly lower than those from households that were controls at 68.6% (95% CI = [57.9%, 59.3%]) although this was not statistically significant ( p = .243). Crop farming alone was also found not to be significantly associated with malnutrition of under-5 children at household level ( p = .447). However, mixed farming (growing crops and keeping livestock) at household level was found to be significantly associated with malnutrition levels of the under-5 children ( p = .008). The level of mixed farming among the cases, 31.6% (95% CI = [17.7%, 45.5%]), was lower than those among the controls, which was 68.3% (95% CI = [59.1%, 77.5%]). There was no association between livestock keeping and malnutrition in both the cases and control groups. However, mixed farming (crop farming and keeping livestock) was associated with a significant reduction in malnutrition among under-5 children.

scholarly journals CHARACTERS, DETERMINANTS, AND ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHRONIC ANEMIA AND ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: CASE–CONTROL STUDY

2019 ◽  
pp. 192-196
Author(s):  
HAIDER SHAHEED MOHAMMED
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chronic Anemia ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Objective: The objective of this study was carried out to study the characters, determinants of anemia among atrial fibrillation (AF) patients and to estimate the link between chronic anemia and AF. Methods: This is a case–control study, administrated in Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital among admitted patients in the cardiac care unit from 1st week of January 2018 to the last week of April 2019. A random sample of 100 patients was included in the study based cut of time, where a special form of inquiry sheet was constructed to gather data and it was reviewed and revised by matter experts for testing the validity and enrichment of it. Both cases of AF and control with sinus rhythm were divided into anemic and non-anemic, anemia is defined as hemoglobin <13 and <12 in male and female, respectively. A Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version (25) was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics Chi-square Fischer exact test, and ANOVA tests of significance, correlation and logistic regression analysis had been estimated where p<0.05 was set as statistically significant. Results: A total of 100 individuals had been included in the study, 50 cases with AF and 50 control with mean of age was 62.74003±13.424 years 58 females with 42 males, total non-anemic was 57 while total anemic was 43, 74.4% of AF cases was anemic while 25.6% of control group was anemic, there was statistically significant difference between cases and control according to the presence and absence of anemia where p<0.05. Conclusion: The first study done in the region to prove the direct relation of anemia on incident AF, thus in conclusion, chronic anemia had a relation with AF.

scholarly journals The Effects of Ovulation Documentation before Insemination on Intrauterine Insemination Cycle Outcomes: A Retrospective Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujata Pradhan ◽  
Padmalaya Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Live Birth Rate ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test

Introduction: Ovulation is the key event in Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) cycles. Monitoring ovulation prior to insemination will help to alter insemination time to improve pregnancy rate. Aim: To compare pregnancy rates and live birth rates in presence and absence of ultrasonographic features of ovulation before insemination in IUI cycles. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar. Three hundred eighty eight IUI cycles performed in the period of January 2017 to December 2018 were analysed. On the day of IUI prior to insemination, transvaginal ultrasonography was done 36-38 hours after ovulation trigger to document ovulation. Presumptive signs of ovulation were documented in 201 cycles (Group A) and there was no feature suggestive of ovulation in 187 cycles (Group B). In all the cycles, single insemination was performed at 38-40 hours after ovulation trigger. Baseline characteristics were compared. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare continuous variables. Chi-square test and Fisher’s-exact test were applied to find out the differences in the categorical variables as well as the pregnancy outcomes among the groups. Pregnancy rate and live birth rate were considered as the primary outcomes. Results: Pregnancy rate (17.9% vs 18.2%, p-value=0.945) and live birth rate (17.9% vs 16.0%, p-value=0.625) were similar irrespective of ovulation status documented in ultrasonography performed before insemination. Conclusion: IUI cycle outcomes are independent of the ovulation status documented before insemination.

scholarly journals Endoscopic Management of Middle Ear Atelectasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa S Tawfik
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Endoscopic Management ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Endoscopic Cartilage Tympanoplasty

Objective: To determine the contribution of otoendoscopy in the surgical management of atelectatic ear to improve clinical and audiological results. Methods and Materials: Thirty eight ears in 24 patients with middle ear atelectasis and intact ossicular chain were randomly assigned into 2 groups: Group I included 27 ears who were underwent endoscopic T- tube insertion and Group II included 11ears who were underwent endoscopic cartilage tympanoplasty. Assessment of hearing was performed for all cases preoperatively, 3 months postoperatively. Statistical analysis used: The analysis of the data was carried out using the IBM SPSS 20.0 statistical package software. Data were expressed as mean and standard deviation for quantitative measures in addition to both number and percentage for categorized data. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test were used to compare categorical variables. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: There is significant postoperative improvement of ABG averages reported in the two studied groups with mean hearing gain of 21.67±7.97dB in group I and 19.72±5.3 dB in group II. Conclusion: At three months, there was significant statistical difference concerning different audiological parameters among the two groups.

scholarly journals Retrospective analysis of the role of Ulinastatin in reducing mortality in severe pancreatitis in critical care unit in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Bikash Khadka ◽  
Hemant Adhikari ◽  
Saroj Poudel ◽  
Kishor Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Mortality Incidence ◽  
And Control

Background: Acute pancreatitis sequelae require a multidisciplinary approach and ICU care. Ulinastatin is a serine proteases inhibitor that reduces inflammation by suppressing the infiltration of neutrophils and elastase release and inflammatory mediators that help improve clinical symptoms and reduce mortality. This study aims to evaluate the clinical utility of Ulinastatin. Methods: Fifty-two patients admitted to ICU with acute pancreatitis were divided into; Ulinastatin group who received a 3 to 5 days course of 200,000IU, and Control Group who didn’t receive ulinastatin. Pearson's Chi-square and Fisher's exact test were used and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean age was lower among the Ulinastatin group at 43 years (p-Value 0.014) and Hepatic dysfunction was more among this group (p-value 0.04). Among new onset of organ dysfunction, only CVS dysfunction was significant among the Control group ( p-value 0.044) while respiratory function recovery (p-value 0.04) and coagulation profile improvement (p-value 0.017) was statistically significant among the Ulinastatin group. The mean duration of hospital stay was shorter among control group, 9.65 days vs 14 days, a p-value of 0.05and also the average duration of stay in MDICU was lower, 4 days vs 8.5 days, p-value 0.0044 in comparison to Ulinastatin group. Overall mortality incidence was 15.38%, 19% in Ulinastatin group vs 11.5% in Control group. Conclusion: This retrospective study is our experience in the use of Ulinastatin which has shown little efficacy in declining mortality and/or hospital stay duration though it helps prevent new organ dysfunctions.

scholarly journals Determinant Of Preeclampsia Occurrence In Kalisat Hospital Jember

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Herlidian Putri
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Data Collection Sheet ◽  
Maternal Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Record Data ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Hypertension in pregnancy is 5-15% complicating pregnancy and is one of the three highest causes of maternal and maternal morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of the incidence of preeclampsia in the Kalisat Hospital in Jember Regency in 2018. The study design used a case control study approach. The number of samples in this study were 74 cases of preeclampsia that occurred in 2018 and control samples namely 74 pregnant women who did not experience preeclampsia who had a gestational age or time of delivery that was close to women who had preeclampsia. The instrument for collecting data is the research data collection sheet with medical record data sources. Analysis of the data carried out was descriptive analysis and multivariate analysis using Chi-Square formula. The results obtained p-value 0.037 <α 0.05 for the variable age of the mother, p-value 0.023 <α 0.05 for the variable parity, p-value 0,000 < α 0.05 for gemeli variable which means that Ho is rejected, then there is an influence of age determinant of pregnant women with preeclampsia, parity of pregnant women with preeclampsia and ameliorated pregnant women with preeclampsia on the incidence of preeclampsia. Based on the results of the above research, detection efforts should be made as early as possible very important for pregnant women

scholarly journals Independent perioperative predictive risk factors for the anastomotic leak after emergency bowel resection anastomosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2258
Author(s):  
Bassem Sieda ◽  
Waleed Abdelhady ◽  
Muhammad Baghdadi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Anastomotic Leakage ◽  
Bowel Resection ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Predictive Risk

Background: Anastomotic disruption after bowel resection anastomosis is a devastating and a feared complication, so it is of utmost importance to identify perioperative parameters predisposing to such complication.Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed in two institutes, and there were 287 patients eligible and included in the study which done from April 2017 to December 2018, 87 patients underwent intervention in the first institute in Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt. And 200 patients underwent intervention in Riyadh, KSA. Statistical analysis used: Percent of categorical variables were compared using Pearson’s Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test when was appropriate. Risk estimation was done by Odds ratio (OR) calculation. All tests were two sided. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. All statistics were performed using SPSS 22.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and MedCalc windows (MedCalc Software bvba 13, Ostend, Belgium).Results: Of the parameters analyzed risk factors for anastomotic leakage that studied in 287 patients, 6 perioperative parameters have significant statistical difference: hypo-albuminaemia (Odd ratio: 6.544 and p-value <0.001), acute intra-abdominal contamination (Odd ratio: 3.921 and P-value <0.004), High WBC'S with high presepsin with p-value <0.001, hyponatremia p<0.004, perioperative blood transfusion and anastomotic tension were found to be independent factors.Conclusions: Knowledge of independent perioperative predictive factors for leakage is of utmost importance for its early detection, decision making for surgical time,our study concluded the possibility to detect a subgroup of high-risk patients for anastomotic leakage after emergency bowel resection anastomosis. 

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