The influence of the design parameters of the milking machine collector on the oscillation of the vacuum pressure in the suction phase

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
V. I. Achkevych ◽  
V. S. Khmelevsky ◽  
O. M. Achkevych
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Vacuum Pressure ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Compression Phase ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Milking Machine

Annotation Purpose. Substantiation of design parameters of two-chamber collector of milking apparatus by stabilization of vacuum mode of milkline of milking apparatus. Methods. An analysis of the results of experimental studies was used, which were carried out in laboratory conditions using methods of planning multi-factor experiments and statistical processing of experimental data using appropriate software. Results. Based on the results of theoretical substantiation, a prototype of a two-chamber milking collector of a milking machine was made and experimental studies were carried out on with varying structural factors according to the intensity of milk breeding. The analysis of the results of the experimental studies indicates that the rational diameter of the milk hose is 12 mm, with a throttle hole of 2 mm. The use of the proposed two-chamber collector with a portion inlet of air in the milking machine allows us to stabilize the vacuum pressure in the sucking phase, as a result of which milk with low content of somatic cells is of the highest quality. Conclusions. It has been found that the stable operation of the milking machine provides a constant vacuum pressure in the sucking phase and a sufficient drop in the vacuum pressure in the compression phase. The appropriate pressure level will be maintained by combining the diameters of the milk hose 12 mm and the throttle opening 2 mm. Keywords: milking machine, vacuum pressure, milk-shaped hose, throttle hole, two-chamber collector.

scholarly journals JUSTIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTIVE-REGIME PARAMETERS OF VARIABLE RUBBER OF VARIABLE SECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Hrytsun ◽  
Ihor Babyn
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Engineering Calculation ◽  
Vacuum Pressure ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Vibration Effect ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Milking Machine

Domestic and foreign industries do not produce milking machines that would fully comply with the physiology of animals. Full milking of the udder and reduction of cows with ma-stit significantly depends on the operation of the milking machine. The quality of serial milking cups does not fully meet modern zootechnical requirements. In the process of their work, especially at the beginning and at the end of milking cows, "idle" milking can take place at nominal vacuum. Milking at high vacuum often irritates the teat sphincter, which often causes mastitis in animals, followed by cancer. Also, along with the growth of milk production, its quality is extremely important. The main technical solutions for milking machines with controlled change of vacuum pressure are analyzed. Some theoretical and experimental studies of the milking machine, which provides a reduction of the vacuum load on the udder and a rigid vibration effect on the teat sphincter at nominal vacuum in the process of machine milking cows. Despite the many known solutions to improve the milking machine, the task of creating a design that combines high productivity and stimulation of the reflex remains relevant. Designs of milking machines are now being improved mainly in two directions, namely - the development of milking machines that allow you to adjust the operating parameters depending on the level of milk yield and design improvements of milking machines that stimulate the milk reflex without causing the animal negative effects. Theoretical studies of the working process of machine milking allowed to systematize the method of engineering calculation of the milking machine with controlled mode of vacuum pressure on the teats of the cow and to determine the optimal design parameters of the executive mechanisms. The obtained analytical expressions characterize the influence of their parameters and mode of operation on the dynamics of milk production during machine milking of cows.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF METHODS AND MEANS OF DETERMINATION OF THE FACTORY OF OIL PIPELINES AND THE CALCULATION OF THEIR RESIDUAL RESOURCES

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
R. T. Martyniuk ◽  
O. T. Chernova ◽  
M. R. Shyan
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Experiment Planning ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Technical Diagnostics ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Non Destructive

The basic principle of diagnosing long-life metal structures, and pipe­lines in particular, is based on consistent and systematic measurements of certain design parameters, on detecting changes in these parameters during operation and comparing them with the original ones, and on predicting changes in these parameters. The application of technical diagnostics and non-destructive testing methods to determine the actual technical status is a regular technological operation and, as experience shows, an effective way of ensuring the tech­nical reliability and safe operation of pipelines and the gas transmission system as a whole. The methods of non-destructive testing, correlation analysis and mod­ern methods of statistical processing of experimental and reference data (artificial neural networks) were used to determine the actual state of oil and gas pipelines. Factor and regression analysis methods were used during theoretical studies. In the course of the experimental studies, the methods of experiment planning, probability theory were used.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES WITH CROSS-SHAPED SPATIAL CRACK UNDER TORSION WITH BENDING

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Vl.I. KOLCHUNOV ◽  
◽  
A.I. DEMYANOV ◽  
M.M. MIHAILOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Experimental Scheme

The article offers a method and program for experimental studies of reinforced concrete structures with cross-shaped spatial crack under torsion with bending, the main purpose of which is to check the design assumptions and experimental determination of the design parameters of the proposed calculation method. The conducted experimental studies provide an opportunity to test the proposed calculation apparatus and clarify the regularities for determining deflections, angles of rotation of extreme sections, and stresses in the compressed zone of concrete. For analysis, the article presents a typical experimental scheme for the formation and development of cracks in the form of a sweep, as well as characteristic graphs of the dependence of the angles of rotation of end sections.

Method and results of experimental researches of modes of work of the adaptive milking equipment on the basis of the portion meter of the weight type

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
I. A. Afanasiev ◽  
V. V. Tkach
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Vacuum Pressure ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Milk Output ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Milking Machine ◽  
Experimental Researches

Annotation Purpose. Improving the efficiency of machine milking due to the improvement of milking equipment on the basis of the portion meter of the weight type. Methods. Studies have been conducted on the basis of the planned experiment. The data obtained were processed using the methods of regression analysis. Results. The technique of laboratory researches is developed, a prototype of a membrane regulator of vacuum is made and experimental researches of operating modes of the adaptive milking equipment on the basis of the portion meter of the weight type. According to the results of the research, the dependence between the parameters and the mode of operation of the membrane vacuum regulator was obtained. Conclusions. The dependence is obtained, between the vacuum pressure in the milk collection chamber of the collector, milk expense, the diameters of the milk pipe and the diameters of a throttle opening. The limit values of the intensity of milk output (0.2 m3/s) at which there is a critical drop in the working vacuum pressure in the milk collection chamber of the collector and the corresponding choke parameters (diameter of the throttle opening 0,001 m) are defined. This eliminates this negative phenomenon. Keywords: adaptive milking equipment, milking machine, machine milking, milk expense.

scholarly journals Simulation Tests of a Cow Milking Machine—Analysis of Design Parameters

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1358
Author(s):  
Ewa Golisz ◽  
Adam Kupczyk ◽  
Maria Majkowska ◽  
Jędrzej Trajer
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Simplified Model ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Degree Polynomial ◽  
Fourth Degree ◽  
Local Loss ◽  
Linear Drag ◽  
Milking Machine ◽  
Machine Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this paper was to create a mathematical model of vacuum drops in a form that enables the testing of the impact of design parameters of a milking cluster on the values of vacuum drops in the claw. Simulation tests of the milking cluster were conducted, with the use of a simplified model of vacuum drops in the form of a fourth-degree polynomial. Sensitivity analysis and a simulation of a model with a simplified structure of vacuum drops in the claw were carried out. As a result, the impact of the milking machine’s design parameters on the milking process could be analysed. The results showed that a change in the local loss and linear drag coefficient in the long milk duct will have a lower impact on vacuum drops if a smaller flux of inlet air, a higher head of the air/liquid mix, and a higher diameter of the long milk tube are used.

Use of Digital Twins for Mathematical Modeling of Ultrasonic Cutting of Titanium Blanks

2021 ◽  
Vol 1037 ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
Maxim Ilyushkin ◽  
Kirill Savelev ◽  
Oleg Krupennikov ◽  
Evgeniy S. Kiselev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ultrasonic Field ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Cutting Processes ◽  
Stock Removal ◽  
Processing Zone

The paper presents the results of numerical experimental studies of cutting titanium blanks using mathematical modeling programs, which make it possible to completely repeat technological processes in a computer (digital twin). The LS-DYNA product was used as a program to simulate the process of stock removal from titanium blank. It has been established that the use of this method adequately describes the cutting processes, including with the introduction of the energy of an ultrasonic field into the processing zone, can significantly reduce the duration of experimental research and evaluate the influence of the elements of the cutting mode and design parameters of the tool on the thermal power aspects of the formation of new surfaces of machine parts.

Deaf and Hard-of-hearing Users Evaluating Designs for Highlighting Key Words in Educational Lecture Videos

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Sushant Kafle ◽  
Becca Dingman ◽  
Matt Huenerfauth
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Educational Video ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Educational Videos

There are style guidelines for authors who highlight important words in static text, e.g., bolded words in student textbooks, yet little research has investigated highlighting in dynamic texts, e.g., captions during educational videos for Deaf or Hard of Hearing (DHH) users. In our experimental study, DHH participants subjectively compared design parameters for caption highlighting, including: decoration (underlining vs. italicizing vs. boldfacing), granularity (sentence level vs. word level), and whether to highlight only the first occurrence of a repeating keyword. In partial contrast to recommendations in prior research, which had not been based on experimental studies with DHH users, we found that DHH participants preferred boldface, word-level highlighting in captions. Our empirical results provide guidance for the design of keyword highlighting during captioned videos for DHH users, especially in educational video genres.

INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF REMOVAL OF SCALE FROM FLATS FOR HOLLOW BALLS

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
А.В. Панфилова ◽  
А.В. Королев ◽  
О.П. Решетникова ◽  
Б.М. Изнаиров ◽  
А.Н. Васин
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
Proportional Relationship ◽  
Sheet Products ◽  
Process Factors ◽  
Rolled Surface

Рассматриваются результаты проведения экспериментальных исследований способа удаления окалины с поверхности стального листового проката. Предложен новый способ и устройство для очистки поверхности листового проката от окалины режущими пластинами, вращающимися вокруг оси, перемещающейся поступательно вдоль обрабатываемой поверхности. Пластины наклонены в направлении вектора вращения на угол до 10 градусов и упруго поджимаются к обрабатываемой поверхности. Это обеспечивает возможность в процессе очистки поверхности воспроизводить макронеровности листового проката. Приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований, построены математические и графические зависимости, описывающие влияние факторов процесса на эффективность очистки поверхности проката. Показано, что наиболее значимое влияние на параметр оптимизации оказывает сила воздействия инструмента на поверхность заготовки. Причем это влияние реализуется в прямо пропорциональной зависимости. Другие исследованные факторы, а именно: угол наклона пластины, скорость ее вращения и подача, оказывают значительно меньшее влияние на степень очистки проката. Эти исследования были необходимы с точки зрения определения конструктивных параметров силовых элементов как технологической оснастки, реализующей указанный способ, так и технологической установки в целом. План эксперимента был принят, исходя из реальных производственных возможностей индустриального партнера, и соответствовал классическим представлениям теории резания. Описанные результаты дают возможность планировать дальнейшие эксперименты по изучению направлений использования данного способа Here we consider the results of experimental studies of the method of removing scale from the surface of steel sheet products. We propose a new method and device for cleaning the surface of rolled sheets from scale by cutting plates rotating around an axis moving translationally along the treated surface. The plates are tilted in the direction of the rotation vector at an angle of up to 10 degrees and are elastically pressed to the treated surface. This makes it possible to reproduce the macro-dimensions of sheet metal during the surface cleaning process. We present the results of experimental studies. We constructed mathematical and graphical dependences describing the influence of process factors on the efficiency of cleaning the rolled surface. We show that the most significant influence on the optimization parameter is exerted by the force of the tool's impact on the surface of the workpiece. Moreover, this influence is realized in a directly proportional relationship. Other factors studied, namely the angle of inclination of the plate, its rotation speed and feed, have a much smaller impact on the degree of cleaning of rolled products. These studies were necessary from the point of view of determining the design parameters of the power elements of both the technological equipment implementing this method and the technological installation as a whole. We adopted the experimental plan based on the real production capabilities of the industrial partner and corresponded to the classical concepts of the cutting theory. The described results make it possible to plan further experiments to study the directions of using the method

scholarly journals THEORETICAL RESEARCH OF THE EXTERNAL TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE ON THE TRACTION AND SPEED PROPERTIES AND THE FUEL ECONOMY OF CARGO-CARRYING VEHICLES

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zhasur Kulmukhamedov ◽  
Ravshan Khikmatov ◽  
Alisher Saidumarov ◽  
Yulduz Kulmukhamedova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Temperature Influence ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The manuscript proposes analytical methods for calculating fuel economy and traction-speed properties when modeling the movement of cargo-carrying vehicles on real routes, based on theoretical and experimental studies in a hot and dry climate, which allows for determining the efficiency of cargo-carrying vehicles objectively in terms of traction and speed, fuel and economic indicators. Using the statistical processing of experimental, theoretical research data, the authors calculate the coefficient X2, which allows for evaluating the adequacy of the mathematical model and experimental data. As an example, the manuscript provides for an assessment of fuel economy and traction and speed properties. The authors presented the results in graphs for the ease of evaluating the effect of external temperature on fuel consumption and the average speed of a road train. The authors’ methodology allows for determining the efficiency of cargo-carrying vehicles in a hot and dry climate.

scholarly journals Iron reduction from concentrates of hydrometallurgical dressing

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 728-735
Author(s):  
I. A. Rybenko ◽  
O. I. Nokhrina ◽  
I. D. Rozhikhina ◽  
M. A. Golodova ◽  
I. E. Khodosov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Thermodynamic Modeling ◽  
Iron Reduction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Software Complex

The article presents results of theoretical and experimental studies of the processes of iron solid-phase reduction from an iron-containing concentrate obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical dressing of ferromanganese and polymetallic manganese-containing ores with coals of grades D (long-flame) and 2B (brown). The method of thermodynamic modeling using TERRA software complex was used to study the reducing properties of hydrocarbons by calculating equilibrium compositions in the temperature range of 373 - 1873 K. The authors obtained the dependences of compositions and volume of the gas phase formed as a result of the release of volatile components during heating on the temperature for the coals of the grades under consideration. As a result of thermodynamic modeling, the optimal temperatures and consumption are determined, which ensure the complete iron reduction from an iron-containing concentrate. The results of experimental studies were obtained by modern research methods using laboratory and analytical equipment, as well as methods of statistical processing. Results of the coals analysis carried out using the Setaram LabSys Evo thermal analyzer showed that the process of thermal decomposition of coals of the studied grades proceeds according to general laws. The process of thermal decomposition of long-flame coal proceeds less intensively than of brown coal. The results of an experimental study of the processes of thermal decomposition of reducing agents have shown that volumes of the gas phases, formed when coals are heated to a temperature of 1173 K in an argon atmosphere, practically coincide with the calculated values. As a result of thermodynamic modeling and experimental study, the optimal consumption of D and 2B grades of coal is determined at a temperature of 1473 K. The best reducing agent with a minimum specific consumption is long-flame coal of D grade. When determining the optimal amount of reducing agent in charge mixtures during the study of metallization processes, it was found that with an excess of reducing agent, it is possible to achieve almost complete extraction (98 - 99 %) of iron from the concentrate.

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