scholarly journals Sea level under climate change: Understanding the links between the past and the future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keven Roy ◽  
Nicole S. Khan ◽  
Timothy A. Shaw ◽  
Robert E. Kopp ◽  
Benjamin P. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Global Average ◽  
Flood Risks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Global Sea Level ◽  
Global And Local

Rising global sea level, a consequence of climate change, results from an increase in the world ocean’s water volume and mass. Recent climate warming is responsible for producing the highest rate of global average sea-level rise of the past few millennia, and this rate will accelerate through the 21st century and beyond, exposing low-lying islands and coastal regions to significant flood risks. The flood risks can be compounded or diminished locally because changes in sea level are not uniform. In this review, we briefly discuss ice sheets as drivers of global and local sea levels, and how they could evolve under modern climate change. We underline some of the impacts of sea level change on coastal communities, and emphasize that local sea-level projections can be very different from estimates of the global average.

3. Evidence for climate change

2014 ◽  
pp. 29-45
Author(s):  
Mark Maslin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Global Sea Level ◽  
Very High

‘Evidence for climate change’ considers both past and recent climate change through changes in temperature, precipitation, and relative global sea level to show that significant changes in climate have been recorded. These include a 0.85°Celsius (C) increase in average global temperatures over the last 150 years, sea-level rise of over 20 cm, significant shifts in the seasonality and intensities of precipitation, changing weather patterns, and significant retreat of Arctic sea ice and nearly all continental glaciers. The IPCC 2013 report states that the evidence for global warming is unequivocal and that there is very high confidence that this warming is due to human emissions of greenhouse gases.

scholarly journals Dynamic response of Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet to collapse of Larsen C and George VI ice shelves

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Schannwell ◽  
Stephen Cornford ◽  
David Pollard ◽  
Nicholas Edward Barrand
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Ice Shelves ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
The Past ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Global Sea Level

Abstract. Ice shelf break-up and disintegration events over the past several decades have led to speed-up, thinning, and retreat of upstream tributary glaciers and increases to rates of global sea-level rise. The southward progression of these episodes indicates a climatic cause, and in turn suggests that the larger Larsen C and George VI ice shelves may undergo similar collapse in future. However, the extent to which removal of Larsen C and George VI ice shelves will affect upstream tributary glaciers and add to global sea levels is unknown. Here we apply numerical ice-sheet models of varying complexity to show that the centennial sea-level commitment of Larsen C embayment glaciers following immediate shelf collapse is low (

scholarly journals Dynamic response of Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet to potential collapse of Larsen C and George VI ice shelves

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2307-2326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Schannwell ◽  
Stephen Cornford ◽  
David Pollard ◽  
Nicholas E. Barrand
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Ice Shelves ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Global Sea Level

Abstract. Ice shelf break-up and disintegration events over the past 5 decades have led to speed-up, thinning, and retreat of upstream tributary glaciers and increases to rates of global sea-level rise. The southward progression of these episodes indicates a climatic cause and in turn suggests that the larger Larsen C and George VI ice shelves may undergo a similar collapse in the future. However, the extent to which removal of the Larsen C and George VI ice shelves will affect upstream tributary glaciers and add to global sea levels is unknown. Here we apply numerical ice-sheet models of varying complexity to show that the centennial sea-level commitment of Larsen C embayment glaciers following immediate shelf collapse is low (<2.5 mm to 2100, <4.2 mm to 2300). Despite its large size, Larsen C does not provide strong buttressing forces to upstream basins and its collapse does not result in large additional discharge from its tributary glaciers in any of our model scenarios. In contrast, the response of inland glaciers to a collapse of the George VI Ice Shelf may add up to 8 mm to global sea levels by 2100 and 22 mm by 2300 due in part to the mechanism of marine ice sheet instability. Our results demonstrate the varying and relative importance to sea level of the large Antarctic Peninsula ice shelves considered to present a risk of collapse.

scholarly journals Climate change is raising sea levels in the oceans

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phạm Hà Trang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
Global Sea Level

Climate change is a global challenge, directly affecting ecosystems, environmental resources, and human life. One of its consequences is the problem of sea and ocean surface area, sea level is increasing day by day. In the long term, global mean sea level will continue to change continuously. The birth of the industrial revolution has made the Earth warmer and warmer, followed by many different causes leading to the rapid increase of global sea level: melting ice, expansion of the sea. water and changes in the Earth's climate system, costing the global economy trillions of dollars with many development consequences.

scholarly journals AN EMPIRICAL APPROACH TO DETECT AN ACCELERATED SEA-LEVEL RISE

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (32) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Maja Fickert
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
The Past ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Global Sea Level

Among all consequences of climate change the expected global sea-level rise will have the greatest impact on seaborne navigation and maintaining the seaports. Also for coastal protection planning the knowledge of current sea-level rise is essential. A hind cast of the global numerical models for the climate scenarios especially for the sea level data is hardly to perform precisely because time series of uneffected sea level data are too short and include no regional aspects. With the knowledge of the sea-level rise in the past and a detection of an accelerated rise the results and predictions of numerical models can be underlined.

scholarly journals Economic damages from Hurricane Sandy attributable to sea level rise caused by anthropogenic climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin H. Strauss ◽  
Philip M. Orton ◽  
Klaus Bittermann ◽  
Maya K. Buchanan ◽  
Daniel M. Gilford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
East Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Sea Levels

AbstractIn 2012, Hurricane Sandy hit the East Coast of the United States, creating widespread coastal flooding and over $60 billion in reported economic damage. The potential influence of climate change on the storm itself has been debated, but sea level rise driven by anthropogenic climate change more clearly contributed to damages. To quantify this effect, here we simulate water levels and damage both as they occurred and as they would have occurred across a range of lower sea levels corresponding to different estimates of attributable sea level rise. We find that approximately $8.1B ($4.7B–$14.0B, 5th–95th percentiles) of Sandy’s damages are attributable to climate-mediated anthropogenic sea level rise, as is extension of the flood area to affect 71 (40–131) thousand additional people. The same general approach demonstrated here may be applied to impact assessments for other past and future coastal storms.

scholarly journals Flooding Conditions at Aveiro Port (Portugal) within the Framework of Projected Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Américo Soares Ribeiro ◽  
Carina Lurdes Lopes ◽  
Magda Catarina Sousa ◽  
Moncho Gomez-Gesteira ◽  
João Miguel Dias
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Wave Regime ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Far Future

Ports constitute a significant influence in the economic activity in coastal areas through operations and infrastructures to facilitate land and maritime transport of cargo. Ports are located in a multi-dimensional environment facing ocean and river hazards. Higher warming scenarios indicate Europe’s ports will be exposed to higher risk due to the increase in extreme sea levels (ESL), a combination of the mean sea level, tide, and storm surge. Located on the west Iberia Peninsula, the Aveiro Port is located in a coastal lagoon exposed to ocean and river flows, contributing to higher flood risk. This study aims to assess the flood extent for Aveiro Port for historical (1979–2005), near future (2026–2045), and far future (2081–2099) periods scenarios considering different return periods (10, 25, and 100-year) for the flood drivers, through numerical simulations of the ESL, wave regime, and riverine flows simultaneously. Spatial maps considering the flood extent and calculated area show that most of the port infrastructures' resilience to flooding is found under the historical period, with some marginal floods. Under climate change impacts, the port flood extent gradually increases for higher return periods, where most of the terminals are at high risk of being flooded for the far-future period, whose contribution is primarily due to mean sea-level rise and storm surges.

The Impact of Climate Change on States

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 115-132
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kułaga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Law ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The increase in sea levels, as a result of climate change in territorial aspect will have a potential impact on two major issues – maritime zones and land territory. The latter goes into the heart of the theory of the state in international law as it requires us to confront the problem of complete and permanent disappearance of a State territory. When studying these processes, one should take into account the fundamental lack of appropriate precedents and analogies in international law, especially in the context of the extinction of the state, which could be used for guidance in this respect. The article analyses sea level rise impact on baselines and agreed maritime boundaries (in particular taking into account fundamental change of circumstances rule). Furthermore, the issue of submergence of the entire territory of a State is discussed taking into account the presumption of statehood, past examples of extinction of states and the importance of recognition in this respect.

scholarly journals Rising Sea Level, Receding Boundaries and Freezing Baselines in a Warming Climate

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Emojong Amai Mercy ◽  
Eliud Garry Michura
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Maritime Boundary ◽  
Climate Change Effect ◽  
Global Sea Level ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
Maritime Boundary Delimitation ◽  
International Boundaries

This paper discusses the less publicised but far from less significant, an issue of how the international community’s approach to maritime boundary delimitation will be impacted by climate change resulting in sea level rise with coastal lands submerging affecting the international boundaries and impacting on biodiversity and human survival in the future. The climate change effect is already creating pressure on international law regardless of the direction that the law of the sea takes in remedying this dilemma. It is quite apparent that global disputes and conflicts are arising and solutions are needed urgently. The climate change and the consequent global sea level rise are widely touted to submerge islands and coastlines without discrimination. The international community has been relatively slow to react to what could pose an unprecedented threat to human civilisation.  The policies that have been applied have arguably been reactive and not proactive.  In future climate change may develop other by-products which may not be understood at this moment and may require a proactive approach. Further discussion of the merits of the potential paths is ideal in ensuring that appropriate and well thought-out resolutions are negotiated. Regardless of the outcome, the thorough debate is required to ensure the correct decision is made and that the balancing act between fulfilling states' interests and achieving a meaningful result does not become detrimental to the solidity and the enforceability of the outcome. There is a need to establish a comprehensive framework for ocean governance for management and long-term development and sustainability.

scholarly journals APPLICABILITY OF THE VERTICAL TELESCOPIC BREAKWATER USING THE PAST TYPHOON IN TOKYO BAY

2020 ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Yako Harada ◽  
Yukihisa Matsumoto ◽  
Kazuho Morishita ◽  
Nobuyuki Oonishi ◽  
Kazuyoshi Kihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Numerical Calculations ◽  
Numerical Analyses ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Past

The vertical telescopic breakwater(VTB), which is a new breakwater that permits the navigation of ships, remain at the bottom of the sea during calm and rise to the surface during tsunamis or storm surges. Kawai et al. (2017) and Arikawa et al. (2019) found that it is effective not only for swell waves, but also for long-period waves simulating tsunamis and storm surges by previous experiments and numerical analyses. However, there have been few studies on the performance of VTB by numerical calculations in actual ports using actual typhoons. In addition, sea levels and changes in characteristics of typhoon due to climate change are predicted to occur; hence, we are concerned about the damage in all quarters caused by storm surge inundation, especially at Tokyo. Therefore, in this study, we used hypothetical typhoons under worst-case scenarios and quantitatively evaluated the protection performance of VTB against hypothetical typhoons with different aperture rates of VTB in Tokyo Bay by the numerical simulation.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/qof5ixKqIiA

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document