Long Path Lemma concerning Connectivity and Independence Number
We show that, in a $k$-connected graph $G$ of order $n$ with $\alpha(G) = \alpha$, between any pair of vertices, there exists a path $P$ joining them with $$|P| \geq \min \left\{ n, \frac{(k - 1)(n - k)}{\alpha} + k \right\}.$$ This implies that, for any edge $e \in E(G)$, there is a cycle containing $e$ of length at least $$\min \left\{ n, \frac{(k - 1)(n - k)}{\alpha} + k \right\}.$$ Moreover, we generalize our result as follows: for any choice $S$ of $s \leq k$ vertices in $G$, there exists a tree $T$ whose set of leaves is $S$ with $$|T| \geq \min \left\{ n, \frac{(k - s + 1)(n - k)}{\alpha} + k \right\}.$$
2018 ◽
Vol 10
(05)
◽
pp. 1850069
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