Integrating nature protection system and establishing national parks under legislation

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ouyang Zhiyun ◽  
Weihua Xu
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Nature Protection

Into Russian Nature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Roe
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
National Parks ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
National Park ◽  
World War ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Goals

Into Russian Nature examines the history of the Russian national park movement. Russian biologists and geographers had been intrigued with the idea of establishing national parks before the Great October Revolution but pushed the Soviet government successfully to establish nature reserves (zapovedniki) during the USSR’s first decades. However, as the state pushed scientists to make zapovedniki more “useful” during the 1930s, some of the system’s staunchest defenders started supporting tourism in them. In the decades after World War II, the USSR experienced a tourism boom and faced a chronic shortage of tourism facilities. Also during these years, Soviet scientists took active part in Western-dominated international environmental protection organizations, where they became more familiar with national parks. In turn, they enthusiastically promoted parks for the USSR as a means to reconcile environmental protection and economic development goals, bring international respect to Soviet nature protection efforts, and help instill a love for the country’s nature and a desire to protect it in Russian/Soviet citizens. By the late 1980s, their supporters pushed transformative, and in some cases quixotic, park proposals. At the same time, national park opponents presented them as an unaffordable luxury during a time of economic struggle, especially after the USSR’s collapse. Despite unprecedented collaboration with international organizations, Russian national parks received little governmental support as they became mired in land-use conflicts with local populations. While the history of Russia’s national parks illustrates a bold attempt at reform, the state’s failure’s to support them has left Russian park supporters deeply disillusioned.

scholarly journals The basin-landscape approach to the protection and condition optimization of the lakes of the national parks

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Landscape Approach ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Condition Optimization ◽  
Basin System

The essence of the basin-landscape approach to the protection of the lakes of the national parks as an actual direction of research, which is formed at the junction of nature protection landscaping, hydrology and geoecology has been substantiated. The research algorithm, peculiarities of analysis and assessment of the status of the lake-basin system (LBS) have been found out, the factors that worsen the geo-ecological state in the lake and basin subsystems have been revealed, optimization measures in the objects of the nature reserve fund located within the natural reserve have been substantiated. The purpose of the study is to determine the parameters of the structure of lake-basin landscapes (on the example of Zasvitske lake, Nobel National Natural Park, Ukraine), liminary and landscape-metric indicators of the geo-ecological status of the LBS and the factors influencing it as an information and analytical basis for ensuring the protection and management of the LBS located in nature conservation area. The materials of the study were the long-term field landscape-limnological and geo-ecological studies of the authors within the Polesia region of Ukraine and, in particular, the LBS of the Nobel National Nature Park. The research methodology was based on complex physical-geographical methods, hydrological profiling and creation of bathymetric models of reservoirs, hydrochemical diagnostics of water masses of the lakes, geochemical analyses of bottom sediments, landscape mapping using GIS-technologies. The results of geo-ecological (landscape-ecological) researches of the lake-basin system of Zasvitske lake have been presented, in particular, original profiles and bathymetric model of the reservoir, landscape maps of the aqual complex and the lake catchment, limno- and landscape characteristics of the LBS have been shown. Considering the level of anthropogenic transformations of the LBS and the presence of a high proportion of ecologically-stabilizing lands (forests, reservoirs of natural origin), the level of sustainability of the LBS is estimated as high. An assessment of the hydrological characteristics of the reservoir and hydrochemical characteristics allows to attribute this lake to an oligotrophic type. The results of a comprehensive analysis of the geo-ecological parameters of the state of Zasvitske lake and its landscape-limnological functioning indicate the expediency of recreational specialization of nature management in the Nobel National Park, that includes this lake. Scientific novelty. The application of proposed landscape-basin approach and the algorithm of the LBS study increase the possibilities of functional zoning of national parks with high index of lakes, as well as solving the problems of nature protection and optimization of nature management. Practical importance. The created electronic landscape maps and the base of limnometric parameters can be used as reference documents for the certification and cadastral evaluation of the transboundary protected areas of Ramsar type, geo-ecological monitoring and an integrated management of lakes by the basin approach in conditions of intense climate change.

scholarly journals Bridging Cultural Concepts of Nature: Indigenous People and Protected Spaces of Nature

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Sacred Places ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Fishing Rights ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Cultural Concepts ◽  
Nature Preservation ◽  
Environment Sustainability

National parks and other preserved spaces of nature have become iconic symbols of nature protection around the world. However, the worldviews of Indigenous peoples have been marginalized in discourses of nature preservation and conservation. As a result, for generations of Indigenous peoples, these protected spaces of nature have meant dispossession, treaty violations of hunting and fishing rights, and the loss of sacred places. Bridging Cultural Concepts of Nature brings together anthropologists and archaeologists, historians, linguists, policy experts, and communications scholars to discuss differing views and presents a compelling case for the possibility of more productive discussions on the environment, sustainability, and nature protection. Drawing on case studies from Scandinavia to Latin America and from North America to New Zealand, the volume challenges the old paradigm where Indigenous peoples are not included in the conservation and protection of natural areas and instead calls for the incorporation of Indigenous voices into this debate. This original and timely edited collection offers a global perspective on the social, cultural, economic, and environmental challenges facing Indigenous peoples and their governmental and NGO counterparts in the co-management of the planet’s vital and precious preserved spaces of nature.

scholarly journals Ecosystem Health Assessment of Shennongjia National Park, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7672
Author(s):  
Huan Wang ◽  
Peng Hou ◽  
Jinbao Jiang ◽  
Rulin Xiao ◽  
Jun Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Ecosystem Health Assessment ◽  
Health Level ◽  
Rate Of Improvement

Ecosystem health assessment is an important part of improving the management of national parks. In this paper, Shennongjia National Park is taken as the study region. By using satellite remote sensing data from 2000 to 2018, based on the Vitality Organization Resilience (VOR) model, an ecosystem health assessment is created and its spatiotemporal characteristics are analyzed. In the whole region, the ecosystem’s health level has gradually improved; the rate of improvement of the ecosystem’s health level from 2016 to 2018 has been 2.5-times that of the overall rate and the trend of improvement has been obvious. The rate of improvement of the ecosystem’s health level of non-nature protection areas has improved two-fold; the same is true of nature protection areas, and the stability change trend of the two areas has basically been the same. The establishment of national parks has played a significant role in promoting the health of the regional ecosystem. In future planning, relevant departments should pay attention to the ecological protection and restoration of the area and optimize the traditional area layout of Shennongjia National Park.

scholarly journals Tourism labor market impacts of national parks

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joakim Byström ◽  
Dieter K. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Market Impacts ◽  
Public Perspective ◽  
Visitor Numbers

AbstractIn a Nordic context, economic impacts of tourism in national parks remained largely unknown due to lacking implementation of standardized comparative measurements. For this reason, we want to investigate the economic impacts of national parks in a peripheral Scandinavian context by analyzing employment in tourism. Theoretically, the paper addresses the idea of nature protection as a tool for regional development. The scientific literature suggests that nature can be considered a commodity that can be used for the production of tourism experiences in peripheries. In this context nature protection is applied as a label for signifying attractive places for tourists leading to increased tourist numbers and employment. This argument follows mainly North American experiences pointing at a positive impact of protected areas on regional development. Meanwhile European studies are more skeptical regarding desired economic benefits. A major challenge is the assessment of tourism’s economic impacts. This paper suggests an approach that reveals the impacts on the labor market. This is particularly applicable since data is readily available and, moreover from a public perspective, employment and tax incomes are of uppermost importance in order to sustain population figures and local demand for public services. At the same time accessibility and low visitor numbers form major challenges for tourism stakeholders and complicate the assessment of economic impacts through questionnaires and interviews. The paper shows that the assumption that nature protection promotes positive economic development through tourism is not applicable in a northern Swedish context. Hence, it rejects the often suggested positive relationship between nature protection and tourism labor market development.

scholarly journals „W górach jest wszystko, co kocham” — wyidealizowany obraz gór w materiałach promocyjnych i jego wpływ na odbiorców

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 317-329
Author(s):  
Dorota Nowicka
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Promotional Material ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Foreign National ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Awareness Raising

The article examines the constantly evolving marketing strategies aimed at promoting a specific mountain region, at the same time contributing to a growth of tourism as well as increased demand for specialist mountaineering equipment. From advertising leaflets and posters, through advertisements of mountain shops to internet campaigns — the sphere of action of marketing consultants constantly assumes new forms. The objective is to consolidate love for the mountains among people who have been engaged in trekking or climbing for years and at the same time to encourage those who so far have shown no interest in this form of leisure. Mountaineering becomes an activity attracting new kinds of tourists, for example families with small children who are wooed by shops selling hiking clothing and shoes. Thus the author of the article explores the risks associated with too idealistic advertising of equipment as well as the changing tastes of tourists when it comes to clothing, and the preparation for a trip to the mountains. She also devotes a lot of attention to nature protection campaigns conducted by Polish and foreign national parks. Such actions support awareness raising not only among tourists, but also among drivers and hunters, with the analysed promotional material and new media becoming the main tool to promote the relevant content.

scholarly journals STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND MANAGEMENT TOOLS FOR NATIONAL PARKS IN SERBIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Dobričić ◽  
◽  
Milica Maksić Mulalić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Strategy Management ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
The Public ◽  
Protection Strategy ◽  
Management Plans

The management of the national parks Tara, Fruška Gora, Djerdap and Kopaonik and the activities of the managers in Serbia are affairs of the public interest. The manner of their strategic management is defined by the legal framework in the field of nature protection and it implies the adoption and the implementation of documents, such as the nature protection strategy, management plans and spatial plans for the special purpose areas. The paper particularly emphasizes the importance of adopting management plans for national parks, as basic documents for their management, as well as their harmonization with the spatial plans for the special purpose areas, as specific instruments for the management of these areas. It points out the importance of establishing governing bodies, such as a professional alliance and a council of users of national parks, which would improve their management and incorporate the interests of local people and users of space. In accordance with the above, this paper aims to point out the importance of strategic management and strategic documents in the field of protection and management of national parks in Serbia and give suggestions for their improvement.

scholarly journals Possibilities and reality of on-farm conservation

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S60-S64 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Holubec ◽  
T. Vymyslický ◽  
F. Paprštein
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
On Farm Conservation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
On Farm

Conservation of crops is based on <I>ex situ </I>collection into gene banks. Additionally, crop’s wild relatives can be conserved <I>in situ</I>, and landraces and obsolete cultivars also can be conserved using the on-farm method. The definition and methodology of on-farm conservation is discussed. On-farm conservation has been set up in the Czech Republic as model examples in several institutions dealing with nature protection, education, cultural conservation, as well as by some private farmers. Problems, plus positive and negative experiences are presented. On-farm conservation in open-air-museums in the natur (skansens) as well as in the national parks, seem to be suitable ways forward for the Czech Republic.

Comparison of Parks, Reserves, and Landscape Protection, in Three Countries of the Eastern Alps

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary L. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Regional Planning ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
West Germany ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Power Utility

Conservation policies adopted in the Provinces of Tirol (Austria), Salzburg (Austria), Bavaria (West Germany), and Südtirol–Alto Adige (Italy), reflect the specific constitutional settings, management fields, and regional planning strategies, of these four regions in the eastern European Alps. Despite differences in historical–political heritage, their conservation programmes exhibit a number of similarities:1. Early conservation efforts by local communities were justified on the basis of perceived economic benefits, while those of organized conservation groups were directed towards establishing reserves with the objective of strict preservation.2. Government involvement in conservation increased in the 1970s, when comprehensive legislation covering Nature protection and regional planning was enacted by provincial authorithies.3. Much of the land in projected and existing parks or reserves remains in private ownership, and long-held traditional land-use rights are upheld.4. Reserves are established under individual legal ordinances which specify prohibited practices, allowable uses, and permit approval procedures. A land-use zoning approach is used only in the management of National Parks.5. Provincial legislation requires the integration of Nature protection into regional planning policies and programmes (e.g. the Bavarian Recreational Landscape Plan). Efforts to integrate government programmes on an international level have been limited to discussion and consultation.The controversy surrounding the proposed Hohe Tauern National Park (Austria) illustrates that, within a setting of long-established vested interests, it is difficult to reach agreement between provincial governments (with their power-utility corporations), local communities (with their economic self-interest), and environmental groups (with their often strict preservation philosophy).

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