scholarly journals Differentiation of Dust Holding Capacity of Poplar Crowns

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
Natalia N. Besschetnova ◽  
◽  
Piter V. Besschetnov
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Populus Nigra ◽  
Species Specificity ◽  
Dust Deposition ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fixed Area ◽  
Cardinal Directions ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region ◽  
Different Parts

One of the key parameters of comfort and compliance with sanitary standards for cities is dustiness of atmosphere. Plantings of representatives of the poplar genus (Populus L.) become a reliable means of optimizing this parameter. We have studied the effectiveness of using different types of poplars in urban plantings, taking into account the differentiation of crown sections by the ability to deposit dust on the surface of the leaf apparatus. The object of research is 8 species from different sections of the poplar genus, typically found in urban plantings of the Nizhny Novgorod region. We considered the influence of three independently of one another factors on the dispersion of dust holding capacity: species-specificity of poplars (8 gradations); lighting conditions of crown due to its orientation relative to the cardinal directions (4 gradations); height characteristics of the crown tier location (3 gradations). Dust was washed off from 100 leaves of each poplar species with their fixed area. The highest amount of dust in the flushes was observed for silver poplar (257.60±5.05 mg), and the lowest – for black poplar (117.69±3.65 mg) and Pópulus nígra var. itálica (105.69±2.90 mg). Oneway ANOVA confirmed the significance of differences between the species for all parameters of dust holding capacity. Three-way ANOVA showed the influence of leaf surface locations in different parts of the crown on the efficiency of dust deposition by representatives of different species. Species appeared to be the most important in the distribution of dust deposited on the leaf surface of shoots in different parts of the crown; the share of its influence was 37.65±0.51 %. The effect of crown lighting conditions was also well measurable; its share was equal to 20.45±0.28 %. The influence of the crown tier height was noticeably less; its share reached 7.19±0.21 %. The listed factors are little related to each other, and their interaction generated a negligible effect: 6.67±4.54 %, Fh2 = 1.47, significance is reliable at 5 % level (F05 = 1.41) and unreliable at 1 % level (F01 = 1.61). For citation: Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov P.V. Differentiation of Dust Holding Capacity of Poplar Crowns. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 5, pp. 48–64. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-48-64

Ground Transport for an Air Organisation

1928 ◽  
Vol 32 (211) ◽  
pp. 596-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. H. Allen
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Similar Magnitude ◽  
Ground Vehicles ◽  
Royal Air Force ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Aerial Transport ◽  
Different Parts

Probably few realise that a self–contained organisation for maintaining an air fleet would need many more different types of ground vehicles than aircraft. This is true in the case of the Royal Air Force even if all vehicles of a purely military nature are excluded. It is highly probable that a civilian air organisation of similar magnitude would have fewer types of aircraft, but if it were to be self–contained and operate in different parts of the globe, it could not do with many less types of ground vehicles than the R.A.F. finds necessary.Obviously this depends on the interpretation of the term “self–contained.” Most of the small aerial transport companies have their own ground transport organisations, but they are far from being self–contained in the sense in which the author wishes to use the term to–night. We would all like to see a vast civilian air organisation operating in and between all the different units which comprise the British Empire. Nothing would do more to knit us and the Dominions and Colonies into one impregnable whole.

scholarly journals Reasoning about Cardinal Directions between 3-Dimensional Extended Objects using Answer Set Programming

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 942-957
Author(s):  
Yusuf Izmirlioglu ◽  
Esra Erdem
Keyword(s):  
Nonmonotonic Reasoning ◽  
Answer Set Programming ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Formal Framework ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Type ◽  
Cardinal Directions ◽  
Answer Set

AbstractWe propose a novel formal framework (called 3D-NCDC-ASP) to represent and reason about cardinal directions between extended objects in 3-dimensional (3D) space, using Answer Set Programming (ASP). 3D-NCDC-ASP extends Cardinal Directional Calculus (CDC) with a new type of default constraints, and NCDC-ASP to 3D. 3D-NCDC-ASP provides a flexible platform offering different types of reasoning: Nonmonotonic reasoning with defaults, checking consistency of a set of constraints on 3D cardinal directions between objects, explaining inconsistencies, and inferring missing CDC relations. We prove the soundness of 3D-NCDC-ASP, and illustrate its usefulness with applications.

scholarly journals Die Gattung Erratencrinurus Krueger, 1971 (Trilobita; Ordovizium) aus baltoskandischen Geschieben

Fossil Record ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-132
Author(s):  
H.-H. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Late Ordovician ◽  
Middle Ordovician ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Single Spine ◽  
Pore Canals ◽  
Different Parts

Aus der mittel- bis oberordovizischen Trilobitenfamilie Encrinuridae, die in Baltoskandia durch die Untergattungen <i>Erratencrinurus</i> und <i>Celtencrinurus</i> repräsentiert wird, werden achtzehn Arten beschrieben, darunter die vier neuen Arten <i>Erratencrinurus (E.) sellinensis, E. (E.) heinrichi, E. (E.) praecapricornu</i> und <i>E. (E.) rhebergeni</i>. Das überwiegende Material stammt aus dem schwer zu präparierenden Ostseekalk. Die Tripp'sche Tuberkelformel wurde der <i>Erratencrinurus</i>-Gruppe angepasst; innerhalb der <i>Erratencrinurus</i>-Gruppe können drei verschiedene Schilder-Typen des scutum rostrale nachgewiesen werden. Unterschiedliche Tuberkeltypen bis hin zu extremen Stacheln wurden beschrieben. Außerdem kann eine Reduzierung von drei Thoraxialstacheln im Mittelordovizium zu einem im oberen Oberordovizium festgestellt werden. Verschiedene Regionen des Panzers von <i>Erratencrinurus (E.) sellinensis</i>, die Porenkanäle besitzen, werden dargestellt. Ein neuer Häutungstyp kann an Panzerhemden von <i>Erratencrinurus (E.) seebachi</i> beschrieben werden. <br><br> In Baltoscandia the Middle to Late Ordovician trilobite family <i>Encrinurida</i> is represented by the two subgenera <i>Erratencrinurus</i> and <i>Celtencrinurus</i>. Out of these 18 species, four new species are described herein. Most of the material comes from the Ostseekalk which is an extremely hard rock and thus difficult to preparate. The tubercle formula after Tripp is applied to the <i>Erratencrinurus</i> group and led to the distinction of three different types of scutum rostrale shields. Various types of tubercles which may even pass into extreme spines are described. The number of thoracic spines becomes reduced from three spines in Middle Ordovician taxa to a single spine in youngest Ordovician species. Different parts of the carapace of <i>Erratencrinurus sellinensis</i> with pore canals are illustrated and a new moulting type of E. <i>seebachi</i> is introduced. New species are <i>E. sellinensis. E. heinrichi, E. praecapricornu and E. (E.) rhebergeni.</i> <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.20040070106" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.20040070106</a>

Formation of Part Families for Shared Setups Generation in Sheet Metal Bending

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyandra K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Setup Planning ◽  
Planning Techniques ◽  
Individual Part ◽  
Part Families ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sheet Metal Bending ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract Sheet metal bending press-brakes can be setup to produce more than one type of parts without requiring a setup change. To exploit this flexibility, we need setup planning techniques to generate press-brake setups that can be shared among many different parts. In this paper, we describe an algorithm which partitions a given set of parts into setup compatible part families which can be produced on the same setup. Our algorithm is based on a two step approach. The first step is to identify setup constraints for each individual part. The second step is to form setup-compatible part families based on the compatibility of setup constraints. We expect that by producing many different types of parts on the same setup, we can significantly reduce the required number of setups and enable cost effective small batch manufacturing.

scholarly journals Effect of dust deposition on the performance of photovoltaic modules in Taxila, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 915-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Ali ◽  
Muhammad Zafar ◽  
Muhammad Bashir ◽  
Muhammad Nasir ◽  
Muzaffar Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Dust Deposition ◽  
Average Output ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Module Efficiency

The air borne dust deposited on the surface of photovoltaic module influence the transmittance of solar radiations from the photovoltaic modules glazing surface. This experimental work aimed to investigate the effect of dust deposited on the surface of two different types of photovoltaic modules (monocrystalline silicon and polycrystalline silicon). Two modules of each type were used and one module from each pair was left exposed to natural atmosphere for three months of winter in Taxila, Pakistan. Systematic series of measurements were conducted for the time period of three months corresponding to the different dust densities. The difference between the output parameters of clean and dirty modules provided the information of percentage loss at different dust densities. The dust density deposited on the modules surface was 0.9867 mg/cm2 at the end of the study. The results showed that dust deposition has strong impact on the performance of photovoltaic modules. The monocrystalline and polycrystalline modules showed about 20% and 16% decrease of average output power, respectively, compared to the clean modules of same type. It was found that the reduction of module efficiency (?clean ? ?dirtv) in case of monocrystalline and polycrystalline module was 3.55% and 3.01%, respectively. Moreover the loss of output power and module efficiency in monocrystalline module was more compared to the polycrystalline module.

Rubus prissanicus (Rosaceae), a new bramble species from North West Poland

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 344 (3) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIOTR KOSIŃSKI ◽  
TOMASZ MALIŃSKI ◽  
ELWIRA SLIWINSKA ◽  
JERZY ZIELIŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Broadleaf Forest ◽  
North West ◽  
Inflorescence Axis ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Main Component ◽  
North Western ◽  
Forest Habitats

Rubus prissanicus, a new regional apomictic species, is described from north-western Poland. It is similar to R. lindleianus and R. langei, however it differs from the former species by broader leaflets and less numerous prickles on the inflorescence axis, and from the latter by unequally serrate leaflet margin, and from both these species by different types of trichomes on abaxial leaflet surface. Unlike other Polish species of R. ser. Rhamnifolii, in which the indumentum of abaxial leaf surface consists mainly of branched hairs, simple trichomes are the main component of indumentum of R. prissanicus leaves. The new species has been observed mainly on fertile soils, in broadleaf forest habitats, usually in fairly sunny places, along forest margins, by forest roads, in clearings, and in wayside thickets.

scholarly journals A Model to Support Fluid Transitions between Environments for Mobile Augmented Reality Applications

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4254
Author(s):  
Tiago Davi Oliveira de Araújo ◽  
Carlos Gustavo Resque dos Santos ◽  
Rodrigo Santos do Amor Divino Lima ◽  
Bianchi Serique Meiguins
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Mobile Augmented Reality ◽  
Adaptive Model ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Navigation Test ◽  
Range Sensors

The adaptability between different environments remains a challenge for Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR). If not done seamlessly, such transitions may cause discontinuities in navigation, consequently disorienting users and undermining the acceptance of this technology. The transition between environments is hard because there are currently no localization techniques that work well in any place: sensor-based applications can be harmed by obstacles that hamper sensor communication (e.g., GPS) and by infrastructure limitations (e.g., Wi-Fi), and image-based applications can be affected by lighting conditions that impair computer vision techniques. Hence, this paper presents an adaptive model to perform transitions between different types of environments for MAR applications. The model has a hybrid approach, choosing the best combination of long-range sensors, short-range sensors, and computer vision techniques to perform fluid transitions between environments that mitigate problems in location, orientation, and registration. To assess the model, we developed a MAR application and conducted a navigation test with volunteers to validate transitions between outdoor and indoor environments, followed by a short interview. The results show that the transitions were well succeeded, since the application self-adapted to the studied environments, seamlessly changing sensors when needed.

Infrastructures of tracking: Mapping the ecology of third-party services across top sites in the EU

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1957-1975
Author(s):  
Rasmus Helles ◽  
Stine Lomborg ◽  
Signe Sophus Lai
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
The Web ◽  
The Eu

Today, websites operate in a modular fashion, outsourcing the surveillance and datafication of users to outside companies, along with security functions, video hosting, and so on. These third-party services (TPSs) function as key enablers of the web, with respect to functionality and the monetization of user activity. Departing from critical data studies and media systems analysis, the article contributes to understanding TPS infrastructures by placing these in a wider context of markets, cultural differences and regulation. Through a study of top-150 websites from the 28 EU countries, the article demonstrates how the use of TPSs varies between different parts of the region and different types of sites, and traces this variation to issues of language, regulatory traditions and differences in online businesses. These insights may inform current debates about surveillance capitalism and big data, by linking different forms of commodification of users’ behavioural data to broader social and cultural structures.

Features of the promotional activities of tourism enterprises of the Nizhny Novgorod region

Servis plus ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Наталья Баранова ◽  
Natalya Baranova ◽  
Людмила Мезина ◽  
Ludmila Mezina ◽  
Татьяна Зыкова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Service ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Advertising Industry ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Media ◽  
Tourism Enterprises ◽  
High Quality Service ◽  
Very High ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

The article examines the questions of the promotional activities of tourist enterprises in Russia. The authors proceed from the fact that as a result of massive bankruptcies of well-known tour operators and complication of the general economic situation in the country, many tourist companies lose their customers. The situation in the tourist market adversely affected the trust of customers, and now to win it is even more difficult. Under these conditions, the task of maintaining existing consumers and attracting new ones of tourism enterprises is becoming urgent more than ever. According to the authors, the main way to solve this problem is an advertisement. The article reveals peculiarities of the use of different types of advertising of big and small tourism enterprises. The methodological basis of the paper is the results of promotional activities research of tourism enterprises in Nizhny Novgorod. Competition in the sphere of tourism, including the Nizhny Novgorod market is very high. The study shows that small tourist enterprises do not have sufficient financial means to invest in advertising in the media; their best advertisement is the established relationships with customers and high quality service. At the same time major tourist enterprises that have greater financial possibilities for their promotion, use the most common means of advertising, paying little attention to the new forms and trends in the advertising industry. The results allow the authors to identify ways to promote the services of tourist enterprises at the present stage, especially in the Internet.

Tunnels as a possibility to connect bat habitats

Mammalia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lothar Bach ◽  
Petra Burkhardt ◽  
Herman J. G. A. Limpens
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Parts

Fragmentation of the landscape is one of the greatest problems for animals which use large home ranges and/or different habitats within a landscape. Even in the case of undisturbed hunting habitats and roosts, disconnection of flight paths could lead to a decline in the populations of bats. Tunnels connecting both sides of a barrier, allowing exchange, can be used to minimise the impact of e.g. motorways. Results of studies in different parts of Germany and anecdotal observations in other parts of Germany demonstrate the use of tunnels for nine species of bats. Data are analysed with respect to different types of tunnels. Although our data do not allow quantitative analysis, observations suggest smaller bats like

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document