scholarly journals A new metalinguistic degree morpheme

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Bochnak ◽  
Eva Csipak
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Change ◽  
Gradable Adjectives ◽  
Final Particle ◽  
Relevant Degree ◽  
Type Shifting ◽  
Recent Attention ◽  
Degree Variable

<p><span>In this paper, we discuss and analyze </span><em>...ish/-ish </em><span>in three of its uses: as a modifier of gradable adjectives; as a clause-final particle that hedges on a speaker’s degree of commitment to a proposition; and as a general precision-regulator. In each case, </span><em>-ish/. . . ish </em><span>makes reference to a degree that is slightly less than the standard for the constituent it applies to. We propose that proposition-modifying </span><em>. . . ish </em><span>belongs to the class of metalinguistic degree morphology alongside metalinguistic comparisons, which have received recent attention in the literature (e.g., </span><span>Giannakidou &amp; Yoon 2011; Morzycki 2011). </span><span>We argue for a unified analysis of ...</span><em>ish/-ish </em><span>as a degree modifier, where the relevant degree variable can be provided lexically, or through a type-shifting operation that makes available a degree of precision in the sense of </span><span>Morzycki </span><span>(2011). This study has implications for research on the semantics of metalinguistic degree morphology, imprecision, speaker-oriented phenomena, and the role of subjectification in semantic change. </span></p>

The Role of Preschool Peers in Children's Language Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
pp. 088-100
Author(s):  
Kelly M. Purtell ◽  
Arya Ansari ◽  
Qingqing Yang ◽  
Caroline P. Bartholomew
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Learning And Development ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Preschool Classrooms ◽  
Early Language Development ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Recent Attention

AbstractAlmost 5 million children attend preschool in the United States each year. Recent attention has been paid to the ways in which preschool classrooms shape children's early language development. In this article, we discuss the importance of peers and classroom composition through the lens of age and socioeconomic status and the implications for children's early learning and development. We also discuss the direct and indirect mechanisms through which classroom peers may shape each other's language development. As part of this discussion, we focus on exposure to peer language and engagement with peers, along with teachers' classroom practices. We conclude by discussing the ways in which teachers can ensure that children in classrooms of different compositions reap the maximum benefit, along with implications for research, policy, and practice.

Suing Media for Libel: A Litigation Study

1981 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 797-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc A. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
State Law ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
Constitutional Protections ◽  
Recent Attention

This article summarizes the results of a study of 291 reported cases brought against media for libel during a four-year period. The results confirmed the finding in an earlier study that only 5 percent of plaintiffs emerged from the appellate process with judgments compared with more than 60 percent of defendants. Most of the defense successes occurred without trial. In cases that did reach trial, plaintiffs were successful far more often before juries than before judges but lost more than half these judgments on appeal. Cases were analyzed in terms of the identity of the parties, the content of the charges, and the role of state and federal law in shaping the outcome. Despite the recent attention to federal constitutional protections, it is clear that media defendants still do, and must, rely heavily on state law defenses. Finally, the Hutchinson and Wolston rulings of 1979 produced little change in appellate decisions.

Jacobitism and Country Principles in the Reign of William III

1987 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Monod
Keyword(s):  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Historical Scholarship ◽  
William Iii ◽  
Recent Attention

Ours is the age of the Jacobite restoration – not in dynastic terms, but in historical scholarship. Parliamentary Jacobitism in the period after 1710 has particularly attracted recent attention. While disagreement persists among historians as to the extent and seriousness of tory involvement with the Jacobite cause, few would deny that the issue is significant. By contrast, the influence of Jacobitism on politics under William III has been almost entirely neglected. Beyond the shadowy conspiracies that have long fascinated researchers, little is known of the role of Jacobite sentiment in the political life of England between 1688 and 1702. Not much has been added to Keith Feiling's sixty-year old assessment of the Jacobites as ‘that right wing of Toryism, in which the whole pre-Revolutionary sentiment survived’.

Meaning change in Chinese: A numeral phrase construction from adjectives to superlatives to definite descriptions

Linguistics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawei Jin ◽  
Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Change Process ◽  
Definite Descriptions ◽  
Literal Meaning ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Gradable Adjectives ◽  
Meaning Change ◽  
Truth Conditional

Abstract This paper analyzes a hitherto unnoticed semantic change process in Chinese, in which lexical (adjectival) materials develop into superlative operators, and subsequently turn into definiteness markers. Our analysis focuses on the semantic factors that underlie this meaning change trajectory. Specifically, we argue that frequent association of gradable adjectives with superlative implication leads to pragmatic strengthening in which the superlative implication conventionally enters the literal meaning. Furthermore, we show that a further change in the extension of the nominal part of superlative phrases leads to a maximality reanalysis that is compatible with the semantics of definite NPs. This paper contributes to the burgeoning field of applying truth-conditional semantics to theories of grammaticalization.

A point of view: it’s time to stop neglecting community mental health teams

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-97
Author(s):  
Flippa Watkeys ◽  
Suzanne Morton
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Community Mental Health ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Wide Scope ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Recent Attention ◽  
Personal Viewpoint

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to argue that recent attention has been focused on inpatient services at the expense of community mental health teams and that it is time to redress the balance. Design/methodology/approach – This is a personal viewpoint. Findings – In writing this piece it has enabled us to focus on just how widespread the issues are regarding the lack of focus on community services, and that the view and paradigm needs to change on all levels/structures. Services need to recognise the wide scope of community services and the part they inevitably play in someone’s recovery journey. It also throws the spotlight on services working too often in silos deeply affecting people in receipt of the services. Originality/value – To stimulate debate about the role of community mental health teams.

Evidentiality in interaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikyung Ahn ◽  
Foong Ha Yap
Keyword(s):  
Main Clause ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Matrix Clause ◽  
Final Particle ◽  
Discourse Context ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complement Clause ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Semantic Scope

This paper examines how hearsay evidential markers in Korean are used within the pragmatic domain to serve a wide range of epistemic and politeness functions. In particular, we focus on a new paradigm of hearsay evidential markers — more specifically, the V-ta ha-X > V-ta-X type, among them -tako, -tamye, -tamyense, -tanun, and -tanta (see Ahn & Yap 2014) — and using data from the Sejong Contemporary Spoken Corpus, we examine the extended uses of these hearsay evidential markers in natural conversations, and show how these ‘say’-derived evidential markers contribute to the expression of different shades of speaker stance. Special attention is also given to their distinctive roles in modulating the strength — as well as pragmatic nuance — of an epistemic claim. This study also examines the role of main-clause ellipsis, in particular its contribution to the reanalysis of the (quoted) complement clause as a stand-alone ‘new main clause’, and the concomitant reinterpretation of the erstwhile ha ‘say’ complement-taking matrix clause as a sentence final particle that often retains an evidential reading but also captures the pragmatic nuance of its discourse context. The findings of this study contribute to a fuller understanding of how ‘say’-derived evidential constructions in Korean (and potentially also in other languages) extend their semantic scope to develop into markers of speakers’ subjective and intersubjective/interpersonal stance.

Polysemy through metonymy

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-386
Author(s):  
Shobhana L. Chelliah
Keyword(s):  
Northeast India ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Salient Characteristic ◽  
The One

In Meithei, a Tibeto-Burman language of Northeast India, the noun pí ‘grandmother’ has undergone divergent paths of semantic change, developing on the one hand into a productive nominalizer and on the other into suffixes whose meanings are derived through metonymical extensions (SMALLER VERSION, BEST EXEMPLAR, SALIENT CHARACTERISTIC, PROJECTION, INSTRUMENT and AGENT). The Meithei data illustrate the role of culture in metonymic change and the role of metonymic change in creation of productive and lexicalized morphology.

scholarly journals Liver Cirrhosis and Kidney

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Gerbes
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt ◽  
Prognostic Importance ◽  
Large Volume Paracentesis ◽  
Recent Attention

Background: Renal failure in cirrhosis may be due to various causes. While treatment for patients with ascites and hepatorenal syndrome is established, recent attention has been focused on acute kidney injury (AKI) in cirrhosis. Key Messages: The reduction of centrally effective blood volume is the key to the pathophysiology of renal failure and ascites formation in cirrhosis. Therefore, albumin infusion following large volume paracentesis is recommended by all guidelines. In selected patients, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt provides good control of ascites and improves survival. The role of non-selective beta-blockers in patients with cirrhosis and ascites is being controversially discussed. AKI in cirrhosis has been redefined and has prognostic importance. Conclusions: The role of kidney function in patients with liver cirrhosis is receiving increasing attention. In particular, the use of beta-blockers and novel definitions of AKI seem to be of clinical relevance.

scholarly journals Investigating the Semantic Development of Modal Markers: The Role of Context

Clotho ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-53
Author(s):  
Tomaž Potočnik ◽  
Matej Hriberšek
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Epistemic Modality ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Semantic Development ◽  
Modal Verb ◽  
Deontic Modality ◽  
Do So

The article tackles the problem of studying diachronic semantic changes of modal markers in Latin. It proposes to do so by using context as a proxy for tracing the development of otherwise unchanging forms. In the first part, the main theoretical positions in modality studies are presented, especially the notions of deontic modality, epistemic modality, and pathways of modality. In the second part, Heine’s model for studying the role of context in language change is presented and applied to the modal verb licet. In the case study of licet, an attempt is made to identify the so-called switch context which co-creates the conditions necessary for the semantic change.

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