Introduction

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Marc Saperstein
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Sacred Texts ◽  
Active Intervention ◽  
The Past ◽  
Speaking Out

This introductory chapter provides a brief look into rabbinic leadership and its relationship to the broader population. Throughout the centuries of diaspora history, rabbinic leadership in the Jewish community has had a Janus-like function. Facing inwards, it has sought to exercise authority in defence of unity and tradition: mediating and communicating the sacred texts, interpreting and applying them in a manner that is both rooted in the past and that refracts them with novel insight; providing guidance and making decisions to address the various internal problems that arise; speaking out or acting to secure any breach in the discipline necessary for Jewish continuity and survival under trying circumstances. Facing outwards, rabbinic leadership (sometimes the same individuals, often others) has been expected to represent the Jewish community before the Gentile world, whether in symbolic rituals that dramatize the Jewish role in the larger society or by active intervention at the highest levels of government to defend Jewish needs. Sometimes the leaders function in solidarity with their own people and the external society; frequently, however, there is tension and conflict with one group or another.

Creating Meaning in the Present by Reviewing the Past: Communal Memory in the Psalms of Solomon

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-392
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Gordley
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Communal Memory ◽  
Psalms Of Solomon ◽  
Creating Meaning

This article examines Psalms of Solomon with an eye toward how these compositions may have functioned within the setting of a first-century B. C. E. Jewish community in Jerusalem. Several of these psalms should be understood as didactic hymns providing instruction to their audience through the medium of psalmody. Attention to the temporal register of Pss. Sol. 8, 9, and 17 shows how the poet’s use of historical review and historical allusion contributed to a vision of present reality and future hope, which the audience was invited to embrace. Issues relating to the place of these psalms in the tradition of Solomonic discourse are also addressed insofar as they contribute to the didactic function of this psalm collection.

The concept of the flat earth in the holy scripture

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (100) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
V.P. Kultenko ◽  
◽  
K.M. Mamchur ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Sacred Texts ◽  
The Past

The article deals with the concept of flat Earth. There has a adherents and defenders in the modern world, despite the solid age of heliocentric teaching. Flat Earth apologists point out, that the evidence in favor of the scientific heliocentric theory is held on confidence. People should trust the testimony of astronauts, space exploration data, and more. However, the vast majority of people cannot verify this data from their own practical experience. If science is a criterion for truth, then the heliocentric concepts and flat Earth are far removed from this criterion. Moreover, in the cultural experience of the past we can find arguments in favor of the concept of a flat Earth. These testimonies are contained, in particular, in the Old Testament Bible, the sacred texts of Christianity and Judaism. The mythological and religious texts of other nations and cultures also refer to the idea of a flat Earth.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Matthew D. O'Hara
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Colonial Mexico ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the analysis of time experience and futuremaking through historical case studies in colonial Mexico. Colonial Mexico developed a culture of innovation, human aspiration, and futuremaking that was subsequently forgotten in part because it did not fit with later definitions of modernity and innovation as secular phenomena and things untethered to the past or tradition. This choice of historical method and topics is driven by a desire to step outside some of the dominant paradigms in the study of Latin America and colonialism in general. Examining the relationship between past, present, and future offers a way to reconsider Mexico's colonial era, its subsequent historical development, and how people have understood that history.

Introduction

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna D. Haigh ◽  
Peter Cargill
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
Fundamental Requirement

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the Earth's climate system—its composition, structure, and circulation—and some of the ways in which these vary naturally with time. It examines the key features of the structure of the Sun, its magnetic field, atmosphere, and its emission of radiation and particles. A comprehension of how the sun affects the Earth is a fundamental requirement for understanding how climate has varied in the past and how it might change in the future. This is particularly important in the context of determining the cause(s) of climate change and understanding natural factors in order to be able to attribute to human activity any past or potential future influence on a range of timescales.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Arash Ansari ◽  
David N. Osser
Keyword(s):  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
Clinical Knowledge ◽  
Childbearing Potential ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
The Past ◽  
Effectiveness Studies ◽  
Efficacy Studies

This introductory chapter notes the development and increased use of psychiatric medications over the past 70 years. It introduces the reader to the topics that are discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. It reviews the differences between efficacy studies and effectiveness studies and how evidence gained from these studies can inform clinical knowledge. The availability of practice guidelines and algorithms are noted as well. This chapter also lists clinical variables that need to be taken into account before selecting any psychiatric medicine. Finally, it notes the importance of learning about the use of psychotropic medications in women of childbearing potential and during breastfeeding.

Introduction: Emerging Adulthood Theory and Research

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Jensen Arnett
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aims And Scope ◽  
Explosive Expansion ◽  
To Come

This chapter provides an introduction to the Oxford Handbook of Emerging Adulthood. It begins with an overview of the aims and scope of the handbook. Then it summarizes briefly the content of the chapters to come. The handbook is comprised of 35 chapters organized into 10 parts, with each part containing from two to six chapters. The chapters cover a broad range of areas, from structural factors (such as social class) to relationships (from family to friends) to risk and resilience. The final section of this introductory chapter presents suggestions for the future of the field. The explosive expansion of the field over the past 15 years is noted, and suggestions are made for the field to focus more on EAs who do not attend college, devote more research to international variations in EA, and examine the transition from EA to the next life stage.

“Not a Figure in the Past”

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-61
Author(s):  
Chelsie May
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Jewish Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Biographical Dictionary ◽  
Foreign Office ◽  
British Foreign Office ◽  
Point Of Departure

Abstract This article uses the racial divisions encouraged by European Zionism in early-state Israel among European and Middle Eastern Jews as a point of departure to explore racialization and gendering among Iraqi Jewish women during the years 1941–51 from a sociopolitical standpoint. Restricting itself to politics given this standpoint, a study of Jewish women’s participation in the illegal Zionist and Communist movements of Iraq reveals that racializations, rather than a single racialization, occurred—a racial reality no other scholarship provides for Iraq’s Jewish community. Because Jewish women participating in these movements contended with patriarchal organizing structures, it is necessary to set apart the racial logics palpable in their articulations. This argument rests on primary sources in the form of three memoirs from the Iraqi Jewish women Tikva Agassi, Shoshana Levy, and Shoshana Almoslino, as well as Zionist women’s letters, a biographical dictionary of Communist participation, and British Foreign Office documents.

scholarly journals The Role of Visual, Semantic and Sensual Aspects of Architecture in Perpetuating the Memory of the Past – the New Synagogue in Mainz

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Julia Sowińska-Heim
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Art ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Form ◽  
Community Centre

Thanks to its expressive form, the New Synagogue and the Jewish Community Centre in Mainz erected in 2008–2010 is a powerful sign in the urban space, creating a sort of aesthetic energy of the place. Its shape and influence results from the special synergy of an ultra-modern form and content deeply rooted in tradition. Serving particular functions, the building at the same time becomes an important urban art piece, determining and defining identity of the place.

scholarly journals Intolerance across generations: the relation of the Slovak majority to the Jewish minority before, during and after the fall of the communist regime (selected aspects) (in Slovak)

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Jewish Community ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
The Given

The paper presents the theoretical basis of the issue of existence and application of intolerant attitudes of the majority population in relation to the minority Jewish community in Slovakia. We focus primarily on selected aspects of intolerance against Jews – specifically Slovak nationalism (i.e., political clericalism) and Jewish antisemitism. The starting point of the article is quantitative and qualitative research of Slovaks’ attitudes in the past, in which several experts revealed a negative stereotypical and negative perception of “difference”, which is understood as “not Slovak”, event. not “ours”. We point out that the given attitude extends across generations and across periods (before communism, during it and after communism, i.e. to the present). Subsequently, the text presents the observations that emerged from the survey itself. The aim of the qualitative survey was to describe and analyse the opinions and attitudes of respondents in relation to Jews in Slovakia.

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