scholarly journals IF APPROACH TO INNOVATIONS DIFFERS IN LOCALLY AND FOREIGN OWNED FIRMS: CASE OF LITHUANIA

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Tvaronavičienė ◽  
Mantas Degutis
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Innovative Behavior ◽  
Financing Pattern

Presented paper aims to reveal differences, if any, in innovative behavior of business firms containing foreign and not foreign capital. Innovative behavior in that case is being characterized by scale of investment into research and development, self‐financing pattern and business strategy undertaken by various firms. Juxtaposition of business firms operating in the same economy field but having different ownership origin ‐ local and containing foreign capital ‐ has been performed. Results let us identify differences in approach to innovative activity stipulated by presence of foreign capital. Tendencies obtained in Lithuania plausibly might have been verified in other less advanced European countries in order to check if a consistent pattern could be admitted.

scholarly journals The importance of research and development for innovative activity: The overview of the top countries in Europe and worldwide

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Ivana Janjić ◽  
Milica Jovanović ◽  
Zoran Simonović
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Fierce Competition

In the conditions of economic globalization and a dynamic business environment, companies need to continuously improve and innovate their business, in order to avoid complex and fierce competition and to achieve long-term and sustainable success. Due to the intensive effect of technical and technological progress, the survival and success of the company on the market depends on the introduction of innovative changes in the company and the undertaking of research and development activities. Research and development activities are a crucial factor in generating knowledge, creating patents and innovations, as well as in the increasing of profitability in the business of modern companies. Research and development (R&D) and innovations are considered to be a cornerstone of competitive advantage. The object of this paper is to point out the vital importance that R&D has for innovativeness, i.e. for performing innovative activities at the level of European countries and worldwide.

Social inequalities in overweight and obesity in 26 European countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Charafeddine ◽  
S Demarest ◽  
S Drieskens ◽  
F Renard
Keyword(s):  
Weight Status ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Reverse Inequality ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Low Educated

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown inequalities in overweight and obesity in disfavor of the socially disadvantaged groups. This study examines the extent of these inequalities in 26 European countries. Methods Data from the 2017 EU Statistics on Income and living Conditions (EU-SILC) were used (18 years and older, n = 482,595). A body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2 was classified as overweight and 30.0 and more as obese. Educational level (EL) was used as socioeconomic indicator. Generalized linear models were fitted to compute low-versus high absolute (RD) and relative (RR) inequality. Absolute inequality amplitude (RDA) was calculated as RD/Prevalence. Results Among men, average EU inequalities for overweight were slightly in disfavor of the low educated (RR = 1.05, RDA=5%). A mixed inequality pattern was observed across countries, as the risk of overweight was higher among high educated men in most Eastern countries, in contrast to other parts of Europe (RR from 0.74 to 1.19, RDA from -27% to 20%). Male obesity showed more pronounced inequalities (RR = 1.22, RDA=18%), and a consistent pattern of higher risk among the low educated and wide variation across countries (RR from 1.20 to 2.18, RDA from 16% to 49%). Among women, significant inequalities in overweight were observed (RR = 1.23, RDA=21%), with a consistent pattern of higher risk among the lowest EL, and substantial variation across countries (RR from 1.06 to 1.53, RDA from 7% to 36%). Inequalities were even larger for female obesity, with average RR and RDA reaching 1.49 and 35%, and wider variation (RR from 1.35 to 2.77, RDA from 12% to 88%). Conclusions Social inequalities in weight status are widespread in Europe, but vary substantially between countries. Inequalities are larger among women. For male overweight, a reverse inequality is observed in most Eastern countries. This study allows countries to benchmark the inequalities observed nationally to the situation in other EU countries. Key messages Social inequalities in weight status are widespread in Europe. The pattern of social inequalities in overweight and obesity varies substantially by country and gender.

INNOVATION FACTORS AND THEIR FINANCING IN LATVIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Guna Rundāne
Keyword(s):  
Innovative Activity ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
Definition Of

The problem of research is still relatively low innovative activity in Latvia in relation to other European countries based on European Innovation Scoreboard date. The paper discusses the definition of innovation and its essence as well as the factors improving innovation capacity. The paper also lists financial resources avaliable in Latvia, that can be used for development of innovative activities.

scholarly journals Research and Development and Tax Incentives

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Sabina Hodžić
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Global Competition ◽  
Tax Relief ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
A Company

Abstract In many countries, tax incentives are a popular means to achieve political, economic and social objectives. Their aim is to reach and accelerate certain activities of public interest. Furthermore, one of the objectives is to accelerate the development of a certain industry and influence the growth of research and investment in foreign capital. Innovation is the key element that helps a company achieve competitive advantage. Global competition is forced to offer unique products with added values on the market. Tax incentives for research and development are an important factor of innovation. This paper aims to present the importance of research and development, as well as the role of tax incentives. States should use their fiscal policy to stimulate investment in research and development through various forms of tax relief. The Republic of Croatia applies tax incentives for research and development, but to a significantly less extent than other European Union countries.

Understanding co-operative innovative activity: evidence from four European countries

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Abramovsky ◽  
Elisabeth Kremp ◽  
Alberto López ◽  
Tobias Schmidt ◽  
Helen Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Innovative Activity ◽  
European Countries

scholarly journals Seafood from Catch and Aquaculture for a Sustainable Supply

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Seafood Industry ◽  
Control And Management

For the fist time, the WEFTA Annual Meeting takes place in Italy, at Firenze on September 17th to 19th, 2008. The WEFTA 2008 theme is "Seafood from Catch and Aquaculture for a Sustainable Supply". WEFTA 2008 aims the gathering of international researchers, scientists and technicians, as well as professionals from seafood Industry, particularly involved in research and development, quality control and management for a three-day conference involving scientific and technical presentations, discussion and social contacts. The book of abstracts contains the 117 full and short abstracts of the communications presented in this 38th WEFTA Annual Meeting by scientists coming from several European Countries but also from USA, Canada, Brazil and Japan, able to give up-to-date information of great interest, useful for the development of scientific knowledge in much of the seafood issues.

scholarly journals Sources of funding for activities in research and development in the selected European countries

Ekonomika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Slobodan Cvetanović ◽  
Vladimir Nedić ◽  
Lela Ristić
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
European Countries

scholarly journals Factor analysis of trends for national innovation-driven development

2021 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 10013
Author(s):  
Lilia Ustinova
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Correlation Dependence ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Industrial Organizations ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Domestic Spending

The global innovation trends involve ever new and more flexible systems for the development of industries, goods, and services. The consumer ability of society creates stable needs for new state-of-the-art goods, technologies, and products. Within this context, the need to develop innovations as a way to achieve market demands can hardly be overestimated. The article includes an overview of a number of important innovation-based factors, such as the share of domestic spending on research and development in GDP in the Russian Federation, domestic current spending on research and development in the Russian Federation, the overall level of innovative activity of industrial organizations, etc. Besides, following the study, it was found that the overall level of innovative activity of industrial organizations has a direct notable correlation dependence on domestic current spending on research and development.

scholarly journals Impact of Unlisted Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises’ Business Strategies on Future Performance and Growth Sustainability

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Park ◽  
Chang Soo Sung ◽  
Chung Gyu Byun
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Development Expenditure ◽  
Size Standard ◽  
Miles And Snow

This study aims to identify, from among business strategies presented in Miles and Snow (1978, 2003), those that increase the future performance or growth sustainability of unlisted small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Korea. (This study applied the scope of SMEs based on Article 2 of the Enforcement Decree of the Tax Exemption Restriction Act in Korea. The Korean tax law sets the scope of SMEs based on independence criteria set by the scale of sales, assets, and affiliation, and subordination. For example, the size standard of a manufacturing industry can be regarded as a small business if the average sales amount is less than 150 billion won or the total amount of assets is less than 500 billion won for three years.) In addition, it analyzes measured variables of business strategy for factors influencing unlisted SMEs’ future performance and growth potential. The objective is to determine a business strategy for unlisted SMEs, which are small, financially challenged, and have shorter lifespans and faster growth rates. The results highlight that investment in research and development (R&D) for new products influences both future performance and growth sustainability. R&D is an important intangible resource of the firm, which increases future risk due to high future uncertainty, but it is also an important factor to increase future performance or value based on resource-based theory. In the accounting field, research and development expenditure also provided evidence of future excess return or performance. This study is meaningful because it identifies the role of research and development in increasing future growth sustainability in SMEs, thus emphasizing change and innovation.

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