Discussion of CRD Simulation Results

The results of the simulations shown in Chapter 10 clearly show the consistent pattern of operation of the Grondona system, buying and selling reserves of commodities in response to changes in market prices as reliably as under a gold standard. This has a range of direct and indirect effects which are discussed in this chapter, including the reliably counter-cyclical timing of changes in the quantity of the CRD's reserves, and the parallel changes in the national money supply, the system's contribution to resisting inflationary pressures, and the effect of a CRD's reserves of a commodity falling to zero. Some remaining uncertainties about the system's operation are also discussed, notably about the foreign exchange market's likely response to the system expanding the money supply when commodity prices are falling.

Covid-19 Rates by Time since Vaccination during Delta Variant Predominance

This article examines Covid-19 case and death rates among recipients of one of three FDA-approved vaccines. The data show that protection from infection attributable to the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccine recipients and from death among older BNT162b2 recipients wanes over 6 months, whereas case and death rates among recipients of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine are higher overall without a consistent pattern of waning immunity.

Covid-19 Rates by Time since Vaccination during Delta Variant Predominance

This article examines Covid-19 case and death rates among recipients of one of three FDA-approved vaccines. The data show that protection from infection attributable to the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccine recipients and from death among older BNT162b2 recipients wanes over 6 months, whereas case and death rates among recipients of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine are higher overall without a consistent pattern of waning immunity.

Evaluating the impact of water resources on the economic growth of countries

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the impact of domestic renewable water resources in the country on the formation of GDP, i.e to identify the relationship between the country's water potential and its economic growth in the future, due to the growth of water-intensive technologies in the world and agricultural development. Methodology / approach. The traditional and special research methods were used in the study, including: historical and logical – to analyze the dynamics of water use in the world and ways of forming the flow of virtual water; theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis – to form an understanding of the “principle of globality of water problems” and derive consistent pattern of “principle of globality of water problems”; statistical analysis to assess the level of needs of countries (regions) in water resources and to assess the level of GDP of countries in comparison with their water potential; method of econometric analysis (correlation analysis and linear regression) – to prove the relationship between the water potential of the country and its economic growth in the future. Results. The main idea of the study is to identify the relationship between the country's water potential and its economic growth in the future. It was found that almost all areas with the highest economic growth have the largest total number of inland renewable water resources. the knowledge and dynamics of virtual water trade in the world was described and summarized. According to the principles of the concept of “virtual water”, regions with water scarcity and spatial mismatch between water resources and the availability of arable land can increase their food security by meeting part of their food needs through trade in agricultural products and reducing local food production. A new principle of development of the territory “the principle of globality of water problems” has been substantiated in the study. It is determined that the very availability of domestic renewable water resources in the country does not have a significant impact on GDP growth, but the total catchment per capita in the country already has a significant impact on GDP, i.e, indeed, after reaching a certain water scarcity threshold, the country begins to demand for grain imports, which increases as water resources decrease. The consistent pattern of the “principle of globality of water problems” was proved mathematically, using econometric analysis. Originality / scientific novelty. The formation of the principles of territorial development was further developed, namely the “principle of globality of water problems” was formulated – the change of humanity's attitude to the water resource has formed an understanding of its limitations and possible global scenarios of world development. The development of the laws of economic theory was improved, namely the consistent pattern of the “principle of globality of water problems” – “axes (corridors) of development of the territory, which together with the poles of growth determine the spatial framework of economic growth, in the light of the globalization of water problems, are determined by the presence of the total number of domestic renewable water resources”. Practical value / implications. The results of the study allow a comprehensive assessment of the risks of the agricultural sector associated with the large-scale use of water resources and make effective management decisions on the development and implementation of water-efficient technologies in Ukraine and in the world. The study actualizes the thesis of infrastructure regulation as water-intensive technologies will require significant infrastructure projects and the appropriate quality of water and water supply and sewerage infrastructure as the basis of water efficiency of the region and the country.

METASOMATIC CHANGES IN ROCKS OF SEDIMENTARY COMPLEXES IN THE CARPATHIAN OIL AND GAS PROVINCE AS AN INDICATOR OF CARBOHYDRATE MIGRATION

A field and laboratory investigation of sedimentary rocks in Carpathian oil and gas province was curried out. The theoretical and practical aspects of the peculiarities of the development of metasomatic process during the migration of fluids at the postsedimentation stage of rock formation were investigated. Based on detailed field researches, a consistent pattern of mineral aggregates’ and their crystalloid individuals developing was defined. The arguments for developing a new geochemical model of oil deposits indication in Carpathian oil and gas province were provided.

The study of a consistent pattern of heat and mass transfer at drying fiber-forming polymers

In this article, the consistent pattern of mass transfer in the process of drying granular polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycaproamide (PCA), and polyamide 66 (PA 66) were studied. A modified quasi-stationary method was used to analyze the data. The characteristic time and the hydrodynamic intensity index were obtained based on experimental data. Some features of water sorption and desorption by fiber-forming polymers were studied.

On Some Features of the Formation and Development of Literatures of the Peoples of Russia

Literatures of the peoples of Russia represent an interliterary community that has historically arisen and maintained its dynamic enrichment. The formation and development of these literatures has a number of common features that show the consistent pattern of this process. Literatures on national languages are characterized by irregularity of its development. Moreover, the European literature history can explain the peculiarities of this phenomenon and show that this uneven and intermittent development is essentially a part of a standard growth. Literatures of peoples of Russia at a certain stage entered the period of enrichment assimilating freely the traditions of Russian Literature and World Literature. One of the most important roles for this process was played by literary translation. Numerous features were showed by national literatures, the formation of genres, distinctive national characters, expressive possibilities of national languages, writers, and their artwork which made a national fund of literature. Folklore and national culture made a huge impact in comprehending process as well.

Na tropie polskiej encyklopedii, czyli o wzorcu publikacji ogólnoinformacyjnych w końcu XVIII w. i I poł. XIX w.

The article deals with the issue of Polish encyclopedism of the 18th and 19th centuries against the background of the European Baroque and Enlightenment trends. The phenomenon of the encyclopaedia by B. Chmielowski, I. Krasicki, F.S. Jezierski was analysed in the text. These were works that did not follow a specific and consistent pattern of encyclopaedic publications, were not popular and did not occupy a permanent place in Polish science and literature. Other ephemeral encyclopaedia initiatives taken into account by the author were undertaken without due patronage, and — as research has shown — were secondary and amateur publications. Some attempts, such as the Encyklopedia powszechna. Zbiór wiadomości dla wszystkich stanów of the Glücksbergs from 1839, or the Mała Polska Encyklopedia by S. Plater did not manage to achieve success. Only the creation of S. Orgelbrand’s Encyklopedia powszechna in 1859 filled a significant gap in the Polish publishing and writing “market”. The article also takes into account the statements of the creators and authors of the encyclopaedia regarding the patterns they used for creating such works, and a partial analysis of the megastructure, microstructure and publishing framework of these works.

Early Italian Art in the Works of Nicholas Roerich (1900s‐1910s)

In the works created by Nicholas Roerich in the 1900s –1910s various cultural influences were synthesized. These were conditioned by the consistent pattern of the development of Russian art as well as by the individual preferences of the artist. The artistic heritage of old Italy became one of the strongest influences on Roerich and was interpreted by him in a particular way. The article examines the factors that determined Roerich’s interest in Italian art of the Middle Ages and the Early Re-r naissance and analyzes the experience of his trips to Italy in 1901 and 1906. The study of the style and methods of old masters significantly enriched Roerich’s means of expression and helped to establish his mature style.

Spanish ‘mirative future’

This chapter provides an account of the Spanish ‘mirative future.’ Starting from the assumption that the Spanish future is an inferential evidential (Escandell-Vidal 2010, 2014, 2020), it is argued that mirativity is contextually inferred as a result of a combination of multiple factors that constrain interpretation. These factors include restrictions on word order (only VS), intonational patterns (either fall-rise or high rise), and kind of predicates (individual-level, gradable, negative predicates). In addition, the speaker encodes that s/he has only indirect evidence, but the context of utterance makes it clear that this is not so. Given these conditions, mirative uses are essentially rhetorical questions. From this perspective, the Spanish mirative future reproduces a consistent pattern across languages: mirative interpretations are obtained when indirect or inferential evidential markers are used in contexts where the speaker has direct experience of the facts.