The potential of insect meal in improving food security in Malawi: an alternative of soybean and fishmeal in livestock feed

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-312
Author(s):  
M. Mulumpwa
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Per Capita

It is reported that fish contribute 70% of the animal protein intake in Malawi. This may be currently lower, as per capita fish consumption is reported to have declined by 58% from 14 kg/person/year in the 1970s to 8.12 kg/person/year in 2014. The situation poses a serious national nutrition problem, if not put under control. The Malawi Government and other stakeholders were therefore prompted to promote fish farming to supplement the fish that are provided from capture fisheries on the market. Currently, Malawi Development Cooperation (MALDECO) Aquaculture is a prominent commercial aquaculture company in Malawi, with just above 6,000 small-scale farmers. Feed is a challenge due to the high prices of soybean and imported fishmeal. Most small-scale fish farmers use maize bran to feed their fish, but this is nonviable as it results in low yield and abandonment of fish farming by most farmers. This study seeks to provide information in search of a solution to address feed challenges in the fish sector. A literature review was conducted on approaches being used by fish farmers and current efforts to resolve these challenges, and the information gained was used to outline a roadmap for solving livestock feed challenges at household level in Malawi. It was observed that using waste from the farmyard, farmers could culture insects which have high protein content than soybean and highly digestible than fish meal. Insects can deal with environmental pollution by utilising waste. Incorporation of insect meal in fish feed can replace soybean and fish meal, hence turning the fish industry around in Malawi by making it more productive. The goal of making fish products adequately available on the market may rely on the potential of incorporating insect meal in fish feed. Insect inclusion in fish feed has a potential for increasing fish consumption per capita in Malawi, hence improving food security. However, challenges to be resolved are food acceptance, food safety issues and legislation, which can be dealt with by the coordination of government, industry and academia.

scholarly journals Seasonality and household diets in Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1723-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalle Hirvonen ◽  
Alemayehu Seyoum Taffesse ◽  
Ibrahim Worku Hassen
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractObjectiveTo revisit seasonality by assessing how household diets vary across agricultural seasons in rural and urban Ethiopia. The role of seasonality on the sources and intake of energy (per capita) and household dietary diversity score (HDDS) was analysed.DesignThe use of nationally representative household-level data collected each month over one year to study the seasonal changes in the sources and intake of energy and HDDS.SettingEleven regions of Ethiopia, including rural and urban settings.SubjectsTotal of 27 835 households were interviewed between July 2010 and July 2011 in all eleven regions of the country. On average each month saw 2300 household interviews, yielding nationally representative data for each calendar month.ResultsFor rural households, the mean daily per capita energy intake was 10 288 kJ (2459 kcal) in February (post-harvest period) and lower in the lean season: 9703 kJ (2319 kcal) in June (P<0·05) and 9552 kJ (2283 kcal) in July (P<0·001). HDDS for rural households was highest in February (6·73) and lowest in June (5·98; P<0·001) but high again in July (6·57). Urban energy intake was also lower in the lean season but HDDS varied less by season. Considerable seasonal variation was also found in energy sources in rural areas, less so in urban areas.ConclusionsHousehold diets in Ethiopia remain subjected to significant seasonal stress. HDDS and food security measured using energy intake do not always agree. Preferably, HDDS and energy intake data should be used together to assess food security.

scholarly journals The contribution of small-scale, privately owned tropical aquaculture to food security and dietary diversity in Bolivia

Food Security ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Irwin ◽  
Mark S. Flaherty ◽  
Joachim Carolsfeld
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Tropical Aquaculture ◽  
The Impact

Abstract New aquaculture systems are emerging in new contexts around the world in part due to aquaculture’s perceived development benefits. However, linkages between aquaculture and food security in these systems are unclear. This study investigated the impact of emerging small-scale, business-oriented fish culture in central Bolivia on the food security and dietary diversity of aquaculture producers (n = 40) and workers (n = 26) in the value chain and compared them to local non-aquaculture farmers (n = 40). Three pathways were investigated: fish consumption, household income, and women’s participation. Food insecurity was widespread and did not vary in a statistically significant way between groups, but a trend toward greater food security amongst aquaculture producers was observed. Dietary diversity was highly homogenous, with the notable exception of high fish consumption amongst producers. Aquaculture was related to higher income, and income has a modest positive effect on food security for aquaculturists and non-aquaculture farmers, but not aquaculture value chain workers. Income did not have an effect on dietary diversity. Women’s involvement in aquaculture was correlated positively to productivity, profitability, and size of operation, while male-only aquaculture was negatively correlated to these. The value chain generated employment, especially for women, but average wages were higher for men. The research provides important insight into aquaculture-food security linkages by showing that the introduction of small-scale business-oriented aquaculture systems can provide nutritious products for regional consumption and can have positive effects on food security but is not sufficient to change local dietary preferences more broadly.

Perception and awareness of insects as an alternative protein source among fish farmers and fish feed traders

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ssepuuya ◽  
C. Sebatta ◽  
E. Sikahwa ◽  
P. Fuuna ◽  
M. Sengendo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Willingness To Use

The perception of key players in the fish farming sector towards the use of insects is important for their acceptance to adopt insects as an alternative protein source to the expensive fish meal. Perception was established through a cross-sectional study of 208 fish farmers and 71 fish feed traders and/or processors conducted in Gulu, Tororo and Masaka districts in Uganda, using descriptive, Chi-square, correlation and factor statistical analysis of the data collected. Males dominated the fish farming and fish feed trading and/or processing enterprises. Youths were involved to almost the same extent as adults. Fish farmers majorly practiced pond fish farming, mainly using vegetable and grain based feeds. Most fish farmers (94.9%) and feed traders or processors (91.5%) were willing to use insects for feed but only 44.8% of fish farmers and 8.6% of feed traders and processors had ever used insects. All insects ever used by the respondents for feeding fish, including white ants, grasshoppers, termites and cockroaches were not reared but harvested from the environment. Willingness to use (rear/buy/sell) insects as fish feed was significantly and positively correlated with farmers’ and fish feed traders’ and/or processors’ perception that insects were good sources of nourishment for fish. Familiarity with use of insects and knowledge/awareness of their use significantly contributed to respondents’ positive perception. The apparent willingness to use insects for feeding fish should be promoted by encouraging mass insect production. Assessment of the consumer’s acceptability of fish reared on insects is necessary to ensure market for insect-fed fish.

Production and use of farm-made fish feeds by small-scale pond fish farmers in Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
F.A. Anani, F.K.E. Nunoo, M. Steiner-Asiedu, N.W. Agbo, T.N.N. Nortey
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
Fish Feeds ◽  
Commercial Feeds

The increasing costs of commercial fish feeds have made it imperative for most small-scale pond fish farmers in Ghana to resort to the use of alternative feed types to feed cultured fish. Some fish farmers rotate commercial feeds with farm-made types. This study was carried out to investigate the production and use of farm-made fish feeds by small-scale pond fish farmers in five major pond fish farming Regions (Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Volta and Western) in Ghana. Of the 147 farmers interviewed in all the five regions, 86 farmers used farm-made feeds of which 37 depended solely on farm-made feeds whilst 49 used both commercial and farm-made feeds. Farm-made feeds were produced using locally available ingredients and the most used oneswere groundnut bran (92%), fish meal (90%), wheat bran (74%) and maize (60%). The farmers did not follow appropriate and standardized feed formulation protocol during farm-made fish feed production. Hence, farm-made fish feeds produced by all farmers interviewed were found not to be nutritionally balanced. There is the need for small-scale pond fish farmers in Ghana to be trained in formulation and production of nutritionally balanced and cost-effective fish feeds so as to increase fish production through aquaculture in the country.

scholarly journals Artisanal Fisheries in Zimbabwe: Options for Effective Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Mhlanga ◽  
Lindah Mhlanga
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Artisanal Fisheries ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Limited Effectiveness

The small-scale (artisanal) fisheries in Zimbabwe play an important role in income-generation and food security at the household level. This sector has the potential to significantly increase its contribution to household income and food security if more effective fisheries management strategies are put in place. Historically, fisheries management has adopted a centralised “Top-down” approach. This approach has had very limited effectiveness. Over the last decade, efforts have been made to implement co-management in the fisheries sector. Several factors have hampered the success of fisheries co-management in the artisanal fishery. These factors have been institutional, ecological, human and financial. This paper discusses these factors and proposes possible solutions. A more innovative and effective fisheries management approach is also proposed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v1i1.8526   International Journal of Environment Vol.1(1) 2013: 29-45

scholarly journals AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN SUPPORTING FRAMEWORK FOOD SECURITY PROGRAM IN KETAPANG DISTRICT

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Achmad Nashar Setyabudi
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Research Evaluation ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Food Needs ◽  
House Area

The increase in population results in the emergence of problems to meet their food needs. In accordance with the problems faced, this study aims to analyze the profile of food independence at the research locus, and then formulate an alternative food development policy strategy at the research locus. This research was conducted in March-July 2015. The research locus was determined purposively, namely in Ketapang Regency. This study uses a type of research evaluation with descriptive presentation. The results showed that the amount of energy consumed by the population of Ketapang Regency reached 2,915 kcal / cap / day or 145.75 percent AKE (Energy Adequacy Rate). The availability of protein per capita reached 73.03 gr / capita / day or 146.06 percent from the National Standard. While the availability of fat is 58.07 gr / cap / day. The amount of fish consumption per capita is 35 kg / year, this realization is 90.91 percent of national fish consumption. To strengthen food security in Ketapang District, a model and strategy for food products is needed by integrating the utilization of all existing potential both in terms of natural resources, human resources, social affairs, cultural nobility and local wisdom and can solve the problems of food agribusiness that are faced from upstream to downstream, namely through: (1) Food Estate development carried out innovatively without limits in quantity and quality, (2) Maximizing the function of the Sustainable Food House Area (KRPL) as an innovative effort to use it and also replicating it. (3) To diversify in the food sector horizontally and vertically

scholarly journals STRATEGI DAN KEBIJAKAN PRODUKSI PADA BUDIDAYA IKAN NILA BERDAYA SAING

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Lies Emmawati Hadie ◽  
Endhay Kusnendar ◽  
Bambang Priono ◽  
Raden Roro Sri Pudji Sinarni Dewi ◽  
Wartono Hadie
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Strategic Value ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
Net Cages ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

Kontribusi perikanan budidaya termasuk ikan nila terhadap ekonomi perikanan dan ekonomi nasional, menunjukkan nilai strategis dengan Nilai Tukar Pembudidaya Ikan mencapai 99,72. Khususnya kontribusi komoditas nila mencapai 30,72 % dari total produksi ikan bersirip nasional tahun 2015. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa strategi jangka pendek yang diperlukan adalah penerapan tehnik budidaya yang efisien pada komoditas nila unggul merupakan kebutuhan mendesak untuk mencapai produktivitas yang kompetitif. Strategi jangka menengah yang perlu dipertimbangkan adalah pemanfaatan tambak darat untuk budidaya nila sebagai upaya perluasan lahan budidaya selain kolam dan karamba jaring apung yang telah eksis. Kebutuhan induk unggul nila dapat di produksi secara massal melalui beberapa brodstock center milik pemerintah maupun perusahaan swasta yang telah beroperasi. Antisipasi kebijakan dalam merespon Inpres No.7 Tahun 2016 adalah pengembangan industri pakan ikan skala kecil dan pemanfaatan induk unggul dalam perspektif pertumbuhan dan perluasan yang mencakup dua aspek kebijakan sebagai berikut : (a) Pengembangan produksi berbasis potensi pasar yang dikomplemen dengan perbaikan sistem budidaya ikan, dan (b) Pengembangan inovasi kelembagaan dan sistem insentif dalam mendukung ketersediaan dan akses sarana produksi utama pada usaha budidaya nila skala kecil. The contribution of aquaculture including tilapia to fishery economy and national economy shows strategic value with Fisheries Term of Trade reaching 99.72. Especially the contribution of tilapia commodities reaches 30.72% of the total national finned fish production in 2015.Result of the analysis showed that application of efficient cultivation techniques to superior tilapia commodities is a short-term strategy to achieve competitive productivity. The medium-term strategy is the use of terrestrial ponds for tilapia cultivation as an effort to expand cultivation land in addition to ponds and floating net cages that already exist. The needs of superior tilapia parents can be mass produced through several government broodstock centers and private companies that have been operating. Anticipation of policies in responding to Presidential Decree No.7 of 2016 is the development of small-scale fish feed industry and utilization of superior broodstock in the perspective of growth and expansion which includes two aspects of policy as follows : (a) Development of market-based potential production that is complemented by improved fish farming systems; and (b) Development of institutional innovations and incentive systems in support of availability and access to key production facilities on small-scale tilapia aquaculture.

scholarly journals Application of technology for improving community economic welfare through fish cultivation in the bioflok pool

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 764-767
Author(s):  
Nurhayati ◽  
Manggara M Tambunan ◽  
Dini Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
High Price ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Feed Composition

UKM Mandiri Jaya is a community group effort that has not been economically productive, but has a strong desire to become an entrepreneur. Members of these SMEs are made up of economically weak communities. They have a very low income. Daily necessities of life are obtained through farming and catfish farming. The effort is carried out on arable land and the home page. Agricultural products are sold, but are not able to meet the increasing needs. Catfish farming is also carried out on a small scale because it is constrained by the high price of feed on the market. With the aim to develop the business of fish farming, SMEs have been given fish seeds, materials and pellet making equipment and fish feed making machines. A fish feed machine is needed so that farmers can increase their income by utilizing existing ingredients as a fish feed composition. Partners have been trained so as to be able to make their own fish feed from quality ingredients and partners have the ability to use the machines provided. Through the feed produced by the use of a given machine, the better fish growth. More fish yields resulting in an increase in income for these partners.

scholarly journals POTENSI IKAN Osteochilus hasselti SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU LOKAL UNTUK PAKAN DALAM KEGIATAN BUDIDAYA IKAN DI DANAU RANO

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Muhammad Safir ◽  
Desiana Trisnawati Tobigo ◽  
Kasim Mansyur ◽  
Livia ◽  
Nur’aidah
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fish Feed

Lake Rano has abundant water resources, one of which is Nilem fish (Osteochilus hasselti). However, the abundance of Nilem (O. hasselti) has not been appropriately utilized and has become a pest in the local community's fishery activities. This study aimed to examine the potential of Nilem (O. hasselti) in terms of nutrient content as a local raw material in making the fish feed to support fish farming activities in Lake Rano. The method in conducting the research was initiated by taking samples of Nilem fish directly from the waters of Lake Rano, then drying the whole fish (without cleaning), and mashing it. Furthermore, testing the nutrient content of fish meal as a test sample. The analysis showed that the whole Nilem fish meal had a protein content of 39.62%, a fat content of 1.4%, a carbohydrate content of 31.7%, an ash content of 17.9%, and a moisture content of 9.38%. It can be concluded that Nilem fish (O. hasselti) has the potential to be used as a substitute for the primary raw material as a source of animal protein for making fish feed, especially in Lake Rano.

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