scholarly journals THE GAIT ANALYSIS OF PREGNANT WOMEN

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
TSAN-HSUN HUANG ◽  
SHENG-CHE LIN ◽  
CHIN-SHAN HO ◽  
CHIA-YUEN YU ◽  
YOU-LI CHOU
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Joint Center ◽  
Hip Extension

During pregnancy, a woman changes obviously in body weight, body shape, and endocrine system. Those changes make the posture and gait pattern of the pregnant women different from those of the non-pregnant women. At the same time, activities of daily living become more difficult. But there was still no published paper discussing the posture and gait changes of the pregnant women in details and in a whole. In this study, we used the optimization method to define the hip joint center of the pregnant women. The optimization method could compensate the lack of the anthropometric data of the pregnant women. Due to the variations of physiological changes in the pregnant women, it was difficulty to standardize the gait analysis of pregnant women, even in the same gestational age. The results revealed that there really was some correlation between the significant finding of gait analysis and sacroiliac pain of the pregnant women. The sacroiliac pain often occurred in the following conditions of gait analysis: (1) when the hip extension moment increased; (2) when the knee extension moment decreased; (3) when the angle of ankle plantar-flexion decreased; and (4) when the sacroiliac ajoint torsion increased. The gait analysis of the pregnant is a feasible, but complicated method for study. The data of gait analysis were also compare with questionnaires for further analysis.

Discriminatory Ability of Lower-Extremity Peak Torque and Rate of Torque Development in the Identification of Older Women With Slow Gait Speed

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Hellen Morcelli ◽  
Dain Patrick LaRoche ◽  
Luciano Fernandes Crozara ◽  
Nise Ribeiro Marques ◽  
Camilla Zamfolini Hallal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Rate Of Torque Development ◽  
Functional Gait ◽  
Hip Extension ◽  
Torque Development

The aim was to compare torque and rate of torque development of lower limb muscles between older women with functional and slow gait speeds to determine which muscle group is the best predictor of functional gait speed, and to establish strength thresholds needed for functional walking speed. Torque and rate of torque development of hip, knee, and ankle muscles were measured in older women who were divided in 2 groups according to gait speed: slow gait speed (<1.22 m·s−1) and functional gait speed (≥1.22 m·s−1). For each muscle group, 3 maximal isometric contractions were performed, and peak torque and rate of torque development were recorded. Older women with slow gait speed had lower peak torque than older women with functional gait speed for hip extension (28%), knee flexion (15%), knee extension (14%), and plantar flexion (16%) (allPs < .05). Older women with slow gait speed had lower peak rate of torque development for hip flexion (29%), hip extension (37%), knee flexion (34%), knee extension (33%), and plantar flexion (19%) (allPs < .05). Knee extension peak rate of torque development and hip extension peak torque were the better predictors of functional gait speed with thresholds of 2.96 N·m·s−1·kg−1and 1.26 N·m·kg−1, respectively.

scholarly journals Lower Extremity Joint Moments During Carrying Tasks in Children

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason C. Gillette ◽  
Catherine A. Stevermer ◽  
Ross H. Miller ◽  
W. Brent Edwards ◽  
Charles V. Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Ankle Inversion ◽  
Ankle Eversion ◽  
Hip Extension

Farm youth often carry loads that are proportionally large and/or heavy, and field measurements have determined that these tasks are equivalent to industrial jobs with high injury risks. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of age, load amount, and load symmetry on lower extremity joint moments during carrying tasks. Three age groups (8–10 years, 12–14 years, adults), three load amounts (0%, 10%, 20% BW), and three load symmetry levels (unilateral large bucket, unilateral small bucket, bilateral small buckets) were tested. Inverse dynamics was used to determine maximum ankle, knee, and hip joint moments. Ankle dorsiflexion, ankle inversion, ankle eversion, knee adduction, and hip extension moments were significantly higher in 8–10 and 12–14 year olds. Ankle plantar flexion, ankle inversion, knee extension, and hip extension moments were significantly increased at 10% and 20% BW loads. Knee and hip adduction moments were significantly increased at 10% and 20% BW loads when carrying a unilateral large bucket. Of particular concern are increased ankle inversion and eversion moments for children, along with increased knee and hip adduction moments for heavy, asymmetrical carrying tasks. Carrying loads bilaterally instead of unilaterally avoided increases in knee and hip adduction moments with increased load amount.

Joint-Specific Power-Pedaling Rate Relationships During Maximal Cycling

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McDaniel ◽  
N. Scott Behjani ◽  
Steven J. Elmer ◽  
Nicholas A.T. Brown ◽  
James C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Rate Relationship ◽  
S Cycling ◽  
Hip Extension ◽  
Ankle Plantar Flexion ◽  
Pedaling Rate

Previous authors have reported power-pedaling rate relationships for maximal cycling. However, the joint-specific power-pedaling rate relationships that contribute to pedal power have not been reported. We determined absolute and relative contributions of joint-specific powers to pedal power across a range of pedaling rates during maximal cycling. Ten cyclists performed maximal 3 s cycling trials at 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 rpm. Joint-specific powers were averaged over complete pedal cycles, and extension and flexion actions. Effects of pedaling rate on relative joint-specific power, velocity, and excursion were assessed with regression analyses and repeated-measures ANOVA. Relative ankle plantar flexion power (25 to 8%;P= .01;R2= .90) decreased with increasing pedaling rate, whereas relative hip extension power (41 to 59%;P< .01;R2= .92) and knee flexion power (34 to 49%;P< .01;R2= .94) increased with increasing pedaling rate. Knee extension powers did not differ across pedaling rates. Ankle joint angular excursion decreased with increasing pedaling rate (48 to 20 deg) whereas hip joint excursion increased (42 to 48 deg). These results demonstrate that the often-reported quadratic power-pedaling rate relationship arises from combined effects of dissimilar joint-specific power-pedaling rate relationships. These dissimilar relationships are likely influenced by musculoskeletal constraints (ie, muscle architecture, morphology) and/or motor control strategies.

Biomechanics of Counterweighted One-Legged Cycling

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Elmer ◽  
John McDaniel ◽  
James C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
Extension Work ◽  
Limb Kinematics ◽  
Joint Flexion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Extension ◽  
Flexion And Extension

One-legged cycling has served as a valuable research tool and as a training and rehabilitation modality. Biomechanics of onelegged cycling are unnatural because the individual must actively lift the leg during flexion, which can be difficult to coordinate and cause premature fatigue. We compared ankle, knee, and hip biomechanics between two-legged, one-legged, and counterweighted (11.64 kg) one-legged cycling. Ten cyclists performed two-legged (240 W), one-legged (120 W), and counterweighted one-legged (120 W) cycling (80 rpm). Pedal forces and limb kinematics were recorded to determine work during extension and flexion. During counterweighted one-legged cycling relative ankle dorsiflexion, knee flexion, and hip flexion work were less than one-legged but greater than two-legged cycling (all P < .05). Relative ankle plantar flexion and hip extension work for counterweighted one-legged cycling were greater than one-legged but less than two-legged cycling (all P < .05). Relative knee extension work did not differ across conditions. Counterweighted one-legged cycling reduced but did not eliminate differences in joint flexion and extension actions between one- and two-legged cycling. Even with these differences, counterweighted one-legged cycling seemed to have advantages over one-legged cycling. These results, along with previous work highlighting physiological characteristics and training adaptations to counterweighted one-legged cycling, demonstrate that this exercise is a viable alternative to one-legged cycling.

The Effect of Increasing Jump Steps on Stance Leg Joint Kinetics in Bounding

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (09) ◽  
pp. 661-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Kariyama ◽  
Hiroaki Hobara ◽  
Koji Zushi
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Joint Power ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Joint Kinetics ◽  
Jump Distance ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Hip Extension

AbstractJump distance per step in bounding exercises from the standing position increases with increasing number of steps. We examined the hypothesis that the joint kinetic variables of the stance leg would also increase accordingly. Eleven male athletes (sprinters and jumpers) performed bounding exercise, starting from the double-leg standing posture, and covered the longest distance possible by performing a series of seven forward alternating single-leg jumps. Kinematic and kinetic data were calculated using the data by a motion capture system and force platforms. Hip extension joint work were decreased at third step (1st: 1.07±0.22, 3rd: 0.45±0.15, 5th: 0.47±0.14 J•kg−1; partial η2: 0.86), and hip abduction joint power were increased (1st: 7.53±3.29, 3rd: 13.50±4.44, 5th: 21.37±9.93 W•kg−1; partial η2: 0.58); the knee extension joint power were increased until the third step (1st: 14.43±4.94, 3rd: 17.13±3.59, 5th: 14.28±2.86 W•kg−1; partial η2: 0.29), and ankle plantar flexion joint power increased (1st: 34.14±5.33, 3rd: 37.46±4.45, 5th: 40.11±5.66 W•kg−1; partial η2: 0.53). These results contrast with our hypothesis, and indicate that increasing the jump distance during bounding exercises is not necessarily accompanied by increases in joint kinetics of stance leg. Moreover, changes in joint kinetics vary at different joints and anatomical axes.

scholarly journals Objective Assessment of Walking Impairments in Myotonic Dystrophy by Means of a Wearable Technology and a Novel Severity Index

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Giovanni Saggio ◽  
Alessandro Manoni ◽  
Vito Errico ◽  
Erica Frezza ◽  
Ivan Mazzetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Dominant Disease ◽  
Healthy Control

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a genetic inherited autosomal dominant disease characterized by multisystem involvement, including muscle, heart, brain, eye, and endocrine system. Although several methods are available to evaluate muscle strength, endurance, and dexterity, there are no validated outcome measures aimed at objectively evaluating qualitative and quantitative gait alterations. Advantageously, wearable sensing technology has been successfully adopted in objectifying the assessment of motor disabilities in different medical occurrences, so that here we consider the adoption of such technology specifically for DM1. In particular, we measured motor tasks through inertial measurement units on a cohort of 13 DM1 patients and 11 healthy control counterparts. The motor tasks consisted of 16 meters of walking both at a comfortable speed and fast pace. Measured data consisted of plantar-flexion and dorsi-flexion angles assumed by both ankles, so to objectively evidence the footdrop behavior of the DM1 disease, and to define a novel severity index, termed SI-Norm2, to rate the grade of walking impairments. According to the obtained results, our approach could be useful for a more precise stratification of DM1 patients, providing a new tool for a personalized rehabilitation approach.

scholarly journals The Effects of Repetitive Drop Jumps on Impact Phase Joint Kinematics and Kinetics

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua T. Weinhandl ◽  
Jeremy D. Smith ◽  
Eric L. Dugan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Joint Kinematics ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Drop Jumps ◽  
Impact Phase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinematics And Kinetics

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of fatigue on lower extremity joint kinematics, and kinetics during repetitive drop jumps. Twelve recreationally active males (n= 6) and females (n= 6) (nine used for analysis) performed repetitive drop jumps until they could no longer reach 80% of their initial drop jump height. Kinematic and kinetic variables were assessed during the impact phase (100 ms) of all jumps. Fatigued landings were performed with increased knee extension, and ankle plantar flexion at initial contact, as well as increased ankle range of motion during the impact phase. Fatigue also resulted in increased peak ankle power absorption and increased energy absorption at the ankle. This was accompanied by an approximately equal reduction in energy absorption at the knee. While the knee extensors were the muscle group primarily responsible for absorbing the impact, individuals compensated for increased knee extension when fatigued by an increased use of the ankle plantar flexors to help absorb the forces during impact. Thus, as fatigue set in and individuals landed with more extended lower extremities, they adopted a landing strategy that shifted a greater burden to the ankle for absorbing the kinetic energy of the impact.

Functional Data Analyses for the Assessment of Joint Power Profiles During Gait of Stroke Subjects

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
André G. P. Andrade ◽  
Janaine C. Polese ◽  
Leopoldo A. Paolucci ◽  
Hans-Joachim K. Menzel ◽  
Luci F. Teixeira-Salmela
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Mathematical Function ◽  
Joint Power ◽  
Gait Biomechanics ◽  
Isolated Points ◽  
Parametric Analyses

Lower extremity kinetic data during walking of 12 people with chronic poststroke were reanalyzed, using functional analysis of variance (FANOVA). To perform the FANOVA, the whole curve is represented by a mathematical function, which spans the whole gait cycle and avoids the need to identify isolated points, as required for traditional parametric analyses of variance (ANOVA). The power variables at the ankle, knee, and hip joints, in the sagittal plane, were compared between two conditions: With and without walking sticks at comfortable and fast speeds. For the ankle joint, FANOVA demonstrated increases in plantar flexion power generation during 60–80% of the gait cycle between fast and comfortable speeds with the use of walking sticks. For the knee joint, the use of walking sticks resulted in increases in the knee extension power generation during 10–30% of the gait cycle. During both speeds, the use of walking sticks resulted in increased power generation by the hip extensors and flexors during 10–30% and 40–70% of the gait cycle, respectively. These findings demonstrated the benefits of applying the FANOVA approach to improve the knowledge regarding the effects of walking sticks on gait biomechanics and encourage its use within other clinical contexts.

Development of Foot Structure for Humanoid Robot Using Topology Optimization

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Van Tinh Nguyen ◽  
Daichi Kiuchi ◽  
Hiroshi Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Differential Evolution Algorithm ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Foot Structure ◽  
Adaptive Differential Evolution ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Set Up

This paper addresses the development of a foot structure for 22-Degree of Freedom (DoF) humanoid robot. The goal of this research is to reduce the weight of the foot and enable the robot to walk steadily. The proposed foot structure is based on the consideration of cases where the ground reaction forces are set up in different situations. The optimal foot structure is a combination of all the topology optimization results. Additionally, a gait pattern is generated by an approximated optimization method based on Response Surface Model (RSM) and Improved Self-Adaptive Differential Evolution Algorithm (ISADE). The result is validated through dynamic simulation by a commercially available software called Adams (MSC software, USA) with the humanoid robot named KHR-3HV belonging to Kondo Kagaku company.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal Outcomes from Chronic High-Speed, High-Impulse Resistance Exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 791-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Caruso ◽  
Michael Voor ◽  
Jason Jaggers ◽  
T. Symons ◽  
Jeremy Stith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Type I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Force Peak ◽  
Blood Marker ◽  
Hip Extension

AbstractWhile bones and muscles adapt to mechanical loading, it appears that very specific types of stimuli must be applied to achieve osteogenesis. Our study assessed musculoskeletal outcomes to 30 training sessions on an Inertial Exercise Trainer (Newnan, GA). Subjects (n=13) performed workouts with their left leg, while their right served as an untreated control. Workouts entailed three 60-s sets each of knee extension, hip extension and calf press exercises, separated by 90-s rests. Before and after the 30 training sessions, subjects underwent strength tests (knee and ankle extensors of both legs), DEXA scans (hip, knee and ankles of both legs), and blood draws. After 30 training sessions 2×2 ANOVAs showed left leg peak torques rose significantly. 2×2 ANCOVAs, with bone scan area as a covariate, showed significant left leg calcaneal bone mineral content (+29%) and density (+33%) increases after 30 training sessions. A significant decline in C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen, a blood marker of bone resorption, also occurred after 30 training sessions. The Inertial Exercise Trainer’s large volume of training session repetitions elicited high peak force, peak acceleration and impulses that likely provided a mechanical loading stimulus that evoked calcaneal accretion.

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