The Future of Internet Governance

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Martin A. Negrón
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Governance ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Technical Structure ◽  
Favorable Change ◽  
The Developed Countries

The demographics of the Internet will experience significant changes in the near future. The developed countries are maximizing the number of citizens connected to the network while the developing countries, with the majority of the global population, increase their presence as the information technologies become more accessible. Leaders from the developed countries advocate the preservation of existing governance organizations regulating the network, such as the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), on the basis of stability and security. New generations of Internet users are demanding new structures based on transparency, participation, accountability and legitimacy. In the absence of new agreements, uncoordinated changes to the existing governance structure could potentially affect the technical structure of the network and its functionality. Employing a Bayesian Belief Network model, this chapter analyzes the correlation between demographics, socio-economic factors and the feasibility of changes to the existing Internet governance structure. Favorable change conditions could initiate changes that could impact all Internet users. Results demonstrate that even when conditions for radical changes that could fragment the network are not present within the timeframe evaluated, conditions in support of changes increase with time, validating a need to modify the existing governance structure.

scholarly journals A conceptual framework for cyber security awareness and education in SA

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noluxolo Kortjan ◽  
Rossouw Von Solms
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Security Awareness ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Positive Effect

The Internet is becoming increasingly interwoven in the daily lives of many individuals, organisations and nations. It has, to a large extent, had a positive effect on the way people communicate. It has also introduced new avenues for business; and it has offered nations an opportunity to govern online. Nevertheless, although cyberspace offers an endless list of services and opportunities, it is also accompanied by many risks, of which many Internet users are not aware. As such, various countries have developed and implemented cyber-security awareness and education measures to counter the perceived ignorance of the Internet users. However, there is currently a definite lack in South Africa (SA) in this regard; as there are currently, little government-led and sponsored cyber-security awareness and education initiatives. The primary research objective of this paper, therefore, is to propose a cyber-security awareness and education framework for SA that would assist in creating a cyber-secure culture in SA among all of the users of the Internet. This framework will be developed on the basis of key factors extrapolated from a comparative analysis of relevant developed countries.

scholarly journals DISEMBODIMENT ON THE INTERNET AS A NEW FORM OF TECHNOLOGICAL SELF-ALIENATION (BASED ON THE STUDY OF STUDENTS OF HUMANITARIAN INSTITUTES OF HIGHER EDUCATION)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-169
Author(s):  
N.V. Kopteva
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Virtual Self ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Cyber Culture ◽  
Internet Environment

Phenomenon of disembodiment of users of information technologies in virtual reality, in particular as a special form of self-alienation, was already noted by the first representatives of cyber culture. However, psychologists have not properly analyzed it yet, perhaps, due to the usual peripheral position of the problem of disembodiment of a physical body in psychology. In the present study we continue to develop our theoretical and empirical construct of the Disembodiment on the Internet (N.V. Kopteva, A.Yu. Kalugin, L.Ya. Dorfman) as a psychological impact of the use of contemporary information technologies in areas related to self-alienation and alienation. The construct is based on the conception of unembodiment of the mental self from the body by a British psychiatrist R. Laing, which is considered to be one of the fundamental psychiatric conceptions of disembodiment of the physical self. R. Laing’s description of the ‘detachment’ of schizoids from their own body helps understand the specifics of existential positions of embodiment - disembodiment determined by sociocultural, technological factors and choices made by individuals themselves. Our study was performed on a sample of active Internet users - students of humanitarian institutes of higher education (aged from 17 to 25 years) - with the use of the Disembodiment on the Internet diagnostic procedure. We revealed groups that differentiated in the severity of disembodiment and created their psychological portraits according to patterns of disembodiment, which include experience of unbodiliness of the virtual self, incompleteness and secondariness of the technological way of being limited by the Internet environment and Internet addiction. We also empirically detected the effects of disembodiment on the alienation of students in different aspects of their life (from who they are, from their families, in interpersonal communication, from their studies and the society) ranging from ‘vegetativeness’ to adventurism.

scholarly journals Technological Determinism and Democracy in the Governance of the Logical Layer of the Internet | Determinismo tecnológico e democracia na governança da camada lógica da Internet

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-72
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Koniakou
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Standard Setting ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Technological Determinism ◽  
Internet Governance ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
The Relationship

The article focuses on the relationship between the Internet Governance and democracy on the governance of the logical layer of the Internet.Due to the impactful role and the normative effects of standards, protocols and technical decisions for the Internet and Internet users, and the centrality of the Internet in almost every aspect of thesocial, financial and political life, it argues thatwe ought to examine the ideologies, narratives and assumptions that have informed and shaped key governance arrangements.It explores the influence of technological determinism as a technocratic governing mentality, applying the argument of Taylor Dotson in the context of Internet Governance, and more specifically on the governance of the logical layer, focusing on standard-setting and technical decision-making by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).It argues that technological determinism has been pervasive in Internet Governance discoursesince the early days of the Internet, while standard-setting and technical decision-making are technocratically organized and non-democratic procedures, considering also how the technical community takes decisions, as well as how itself frames its tasks and perceives standard-setting and technical decision-making.It concludes arguing that we need to review the way governance on the logical layer is organized, dispelling technological determinism, while introducing social considerations and democratic principles.

scholarly journals Internet Marketing Communication and Schools: The Slovenian Case Study

Organizacija ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleš Tankosić ◽  
Anita Trnavčevič
Keyword(s):  
Internet Marketing ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
The Developed Countries

Internet Marketing Communication and Schools: The Slovenian Case StudyWorldwide, some 1.32 billon people now use the Internet (Internet World Stats 2007). In the developed countries the Internet is also present in educational institutions; schools use the Internet as a means of communication with their customers. In Slovenia, however, research focusing on Internet marketing communication are rare in the field of education. This paper provides the theoretical framework and the results of the qualitative case study conducted at a school centre in Slovenia in 2005. Data were collected through group interviews and document analysis. The findings support the School Centre teachers' claim that the Internet does not enable personal contacts and the sensory collection of physical evidence, which are considered to be major disadvantages of Internet marketing communication. The teachers who consider Internet marketing communication to be an advantage stress the importance of virtuality which can function as a simulation of communication in the real world. Their adversaries, on the other hand, stress the importance of the physical world and warn us of the negative sides of virtuality.

scholarly journals Trends of structural changes in dissemination of advertising

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Iryna Voronenko ◽  
Andrii Skrypnyk ◽  
Yurii Namiasenko
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Television Commercials ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact

The article points out that a well-functioning information space serves as a basis for boosting economic development and for building a civil society. It is emphasized that despite constant changes in the structure of information space, advertising has been and will be its important component or even driving force. The paper highlights how researchers discuss this issue, and concludes that there are a lot of aspects which have not been considered yet, and need to be studied in detail. It is claimed that one of such aspects is dynamics of structural changes in dissemination of advertising. For the purpose of the study, methods of statistical and econometric analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparison are used. The paper provides an analysis of the global advertising business and calculates percent- ages of advertising expenditures by categories in 2004, 2016 and 2018. Based on the results achieved, it is concluded that the share of advertising expenditures in the global GDP has decreased. It is also stressed that the rivalry between television commercials and Internet advertisements will be more intensive. The impact of the country’s GDP on advertising expenditures is assessed, and it is found that, if per capita GDP grows by $1,000, advertising expenditures will increase by $11 with $5.3 on Internet and $2.3 on television advertisements. The significant growth of Internet users in the world and per 100 of inhabitants in 2001-2017 is driven primarily by young people aged 15-24. Advertising expenditures have doubled in social networks recently. The paper provides an analysis of advertising expenditures by world regions, and percentages of advertising expenditures in Ukraine by categories in 2004 and 2016. It is concluded that advertising expenditures represent just a marginal share in Ukraine’s GDP (0.33 per cent), only half as much as in the world and seven times less than in the developed countries.

Development of the Insurance Market in Ukraine in the Context of Transformation Changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Nataliia Shyshpanova ◽  
◽  
Olena Bodnar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The article substantiates the feasibility of ensuring the development of the insurance market in Ukraine in the context of digital transformations. It has been determined that the latest digital technologies are penetrating deeper into the global insurance market, without bypassing any area of activity, but the volume of the insurance market in Ukraine is several times less than in the developed countries of the world. The indicated factors which restrain the development of the insurance market in Ukraine and characterized existing problems of the insurance market lead to low confidence in the companies of the sector and do not allow it to develop properly. It has been established that in modern conditions of digital transformations, insurance companies widely use innovative technologies that ensure the achievement of both short-term effects and long-term competitive advantages. The directions of digitalization of the insurance market in Ukraine have been characterized and it has been substantiated that the processes of digital transformation based on the development of information technologies of insurance companies contribute to increasing competitiveness. In order to improve the situation in the domestic insurance market and maintain competitive positions, insurance companies should actively use European and world experience, introduce and change models of insurance functioning, and intensively introduce innovative technologies in insurance activities. The use of new technologies and management models in practice will increase the efficiency of the provision of insurance services, require insurance companies to develop new insurance products, taking into account the individual wishes of customers, and will also contribute to expanding the scope of using insurance as a method of risk transfer in an integrated risk management system, as well as will ensure the creation of a unique competitive advantage for those insurance companies that are able to introduce innovative digital technologies in accordance with the individualized requests of customers

Distance Education Initiatives Apart from the PC

2011 ◽  
pp. 1162-1167
Author(s):  
José Juan Pazos-Arias ◽  
Martín López-Nores
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Mobile Telephones ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Initial Evolution ◽  
E Learning

Developed countries have long been interested in distance education. This interest is growing due to the advance toward a global economy, because education is commonly regarded as the best way to maintain a region’s competitiveness. Thus, we have recently witnessed a great development of e-learning (taken as a synonym for Web-based learning, or learning through an Internet-enabled computer) to the point that using the Internet to deliver educational material has practically displaced the early initiatives based on postal mail, radio, or television. The initial evolution of the Internet led to envisaging a massive adoption of e-learning solutions. However, as proved by data from Internet World Stats (http://www.internetworldstats. com), the penetration of the Internet in homes has been rather limited (around 35% in Europe and 67% in the USA), so it follows that the penetration of e-learning has been limited too. This is indeed one consequence of the socalled digital divide, that is, the separation between people who make frequent use of the information technologies and those who have no access to them or, even having access, lack the necessary knowledge to use them. A divide in the access to technology can lead to inequalities in the access to knowledge and education, posing risks of social exclusion. To prevent that, public administrations have launched large-scale initiatives, like the World Summit on the Information Society and the i2010 plan, that aim at making technology available to everyone, at anytime and from anywhere. As a cornerstone, these initiatives promote the development of access platforms different from the PC, with special interest in harnessing the interactive features of devices that have attained greater penetration in society. This includes the new digital TV set-top boxes, which bear the term t-learning, and the modern mobile devices (e.g., mobile telephones and media players), which set the foundations for m-learning. The vision, as represented in Figure 1, is that the information technologies, combined with suitable pedagogical and andragogical approaches, will enable a scenario of ubiquitous and lifelong learning, freeing people from time and place constraints, and offering flexible learning opportunities to individuals and groups. This article describes technical, methodological, and educational issues that make t-learning and m-learning substantially different from previous works on e-learning. We also review developments in both areas to finally discuss problems that may be the subject of much research in the near future.

Alzheimer’s Disease: Special Focus on the Efficacy of Computer-Based Training Programs - A Mini-Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 1213-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanka Klimova ◽  
Kamil Kuca ◽  
Petra Maresova
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Computer Based Training ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Developed Countries

Background: At present, the number of older people is growing, especially in the developed countries where the living conditions enable a longer life expectancy. However, the higher age may result in the aging diseases such as dementia out which Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent. Nevertheless, to maintain them both physically and mentally active, more assistance is required. Objective: The purpose of this study is to discuss the efficacy of the use of modern information technologies, especially computer-based training programs, on people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Results: Although the results from the selected studies do not indicate that the computer-based training programs are effective in the delay of cognitive decline is concerned, they suggest that these computerbased training programs are at least appropriate for the improvement of their behavioural symptoms and progression of the disease. Conclusion: Generally, these technological devices may contribute to the reduction of patients´ and their caregivers´ costs and certain flexibility, and thus the improvement of the quality of their life.

Bridging of Digital Divide in Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Igun
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Communication Services ◽  
Global System ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Revolution

This paper discusses the gap created by an international digital divide in Africa. The paper focuses on bridging the digital divide that exists between the developed countries and Africa, especially in the use of the internet and Global System Mobile (GSM) communication services. Issues like bridging the international digital divide, digital divide and Africa, bridging the digital divide in African’s universities and libraries, the revolution of GSM in Africa, and effects of government policies and regulations, challenges facing Internet Providers (ISPs), benefits of GSM services in Africa are also discussed. In this paper, the author reveals the commendable penetration of GSM but poor connectivity of the internet in Africa. Problems hindering penetration of the internet and GSM in Africa are mentioned. Recommendations that lead to bridging of this internet gap are highlighted.

scholarly journals New Information Technologies: networks available or planned

1996 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. vi-xix ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Coeur de Roy
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Data Networks ◽  
The Internet ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Development Tools ◽  
New Information ◽  
African Context ◽  
Training Programmes

The Internet and other communication networks are development tools, quite as important as educational, agricultural and training programmes. Information, Information Technologies and data networks have (and have had) a fundamental role in the development of ‘northern societal and cultural environments’, though the Internet is still seen by some people in developed countries simply as a pastime, as a new multimedia entertainment providing nice graphics and images. In a society sated with information, the need for Information and Information Technologies are perhaps not always fully appreciated. The role of networks as valuable development tools may therefore be better understood in the African context. The purpose ofthis article, however, is not only to point out the importance of electronic communication networks such as the Internet in helping the processes of development in Africa, but also to offer readers of the Africa Bibliography an up-to-date guide to the extent and kinds of connectivity currently operating or being planned in African countries, and to some of the problems – political, financial, technical – that the new information technology faces today.

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