Trends in the development of the high-tech sphere in the conditions of globalization

Introduction. The presented work considers the main features of the high-tech sphere, presents trends in its development taking into account the requirements of time and processes of globalization and integration based on the generalization and analysis of theoretical, analytical and statistical information layer. It is determined that the concept of high technology is a new technology based on the current stage of scientific and technological development. They correspond to a specific list of world commodity markets and priorities of scientific, technical and innovation policy of developed countries. The peculiarity of high technologies is that their rapid development changes the market and accelerates in other sectors of the economy.The purpose of the study is the process of creating new high technologies, and the subject of the study is the analysis of the main trends in the development of high-tech industry. The aim of the study is to consider the processes of globalization in the context of their impact on the high-tech sphere. The study is based on the analysis of research in the field of high technology and the formation of major trends in high-tech development, which allows to predict the main vector of development of high-tech sphere and the ability to forecast the development of domestic high-tech sphere.Research methods. The article used general scientific and specific research methods, in particular: comparison - to study the theoretical foundations of high-tech development and the formation of a categorical research apparatus; analysis and synthesis - in the process of identifying trends in the development of high-tech sphere.Research results. Technological progress has completely changed the structure of the modern world economy. Thanks to technology, new activities have now been developed, many of which are efficient and highly profitable. A classic example of the impact of the introduction of high technology in everyday life is the emergence and use of new information technology. With the widespread use of new communication technology, this has dramatically reduced the cost of voice, data, text, images, and international charges for the transmission of information. Note that not every technology is a commodity and not every brand of technology. Technology can be a commodity in a certain field of activity, from an idea to a market, where you can identify applications that can be commercialized, analyzed and used. However, in this case, the technology must meet the requirements of standard products, such as patents, know-how, industrial or industrial designs, manufacturing practices, equipment and other equipment, technology, in short, as a means of production. technological processes.Perspectives. In future research we plan to identify the main problems of development of high-tech sphere of Ukraine; a promising direction is to determine the main characteristics of high-tech products, which are formed at each stage of production and in the presence of unsatisfactory characteristics, possible intervention in the production process of a prototype high-tech product.

Theoretical and methodological bases of formation of tourist destinations in western Ukrainian border regions

Introduction. Tourist activity in the western Ukrainian border regions is organized in such a way that a tourist destination becomes a key element of the tourism system. However, their small number and some problems with their creation require theoretical and methodological support, which determines the relevance of the scientific article.Purpose and methods. Definition of basic theories, basic scientific approaches and formation of an ideal image of a tourist destination for the western Ukrainian border regions. The methodological basis of the study are general scientific and theoretical methods:– analysis and synthesis - to determine the basic theories and scientific approaches to the formation of tourist destinations;– expert assessment – to establish the main components of tourist destinations and determine their types;– idealization – to form an ideal image of a tourist destination;– induction, deduction – to determine the basic principles of a systematic approach which is based on the consideration of a tourist destination as a whole object.Results. Based on the analysis of theories of local government, the most important theories are identified and their role in the formation of tourist destinations. In particular, the use of the theory of dualism implies that the formation of tourist destinations must take into account the balance of state and local interests and the inadmissibility of the separation of individual management tasks into local and state. The theory of a free community gives the community the right to independently manage its territory, its resources, determine activities, implement advanced technologies, and so on. No less important for the formation of tourist destinations is the general theory of municipal government or socio-economic theory, which is based not on human rights, but economic necessity and practicality.The analysis of the territories of western Ukrainian border regions on the provision of tourist resources, the organization of cross-border cooperation, which helped to determine the main scientific approaches to the formation of tourist destinations and establish the main components of a tourist destination, determine its types by scale and radius.Conclusions. Defining basic theories and scientific approaches to the formation of tourist destinations, creating an ideal image of a tourist destination for the western Ukrainian border regions will contribute to their further successful operation.Discussion. Prospects for further research include the study of foreign experience, the use of a cluster approach, ranking and sequence of actions in the theoretical and methodological support of the formation of tourist destinations.

Determinants of digital transformation of the national economy

Introduction. One of the main directions of ensuring the balanced development of the national economy is the digital transformation, which covers almost all spheres of life at the micro, meso and macro levels. An important component of the digital transformation of the economy is the service provision of its subsystems, which is carried out on the basis of a platform approach that is able to digitize social, economic and technological processes in the construction of ecosystems. In the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, digitalization has become a tool for commercializing the achievements of technological progress. This highlights the need to study the key determinants of digital transformation and opportunities for economic breakthrough.The object of research is the process of digital transformation of the constituent subsystems of the national economy.Purpose. The subject of the study is a set of scientific approaches and practical mechanisms for digitization of business processes as a factor of accelerated economic development.Goal. The study is devoted to substantiating the conceptual foundations of the digital transformation of the national economy in the context of its accelerated development.Methods. In the process of research general scientific methods were used: system, structural analysis, grouping in the study of structural elements and identification of factors and problems of digitization; historical analysis to consider the scientific principles and institutional mechanism of the digital transformation of the economy; comparative analysis in assessing the possibilities of implementing the service component of digitalization; economic analysis in assessing the current state of digital transformation of the national economy.Results. The article analyzes the essential determinants of the digital transformation of the economy, establishes the objective need to introduce digital technologies in the real sector. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the substantiation of conceptual approaches to digital transformation by detailing the forms and methods of its implementation in economic processes.The practical significance of the obtained results is that the developed recommendations will be used to create organizational support for the digital transformation of the national economy at different levels of its functioning.Prospects. Prospects for further research are in the plane of the use of innovative mechanisms for digitization of business processes, the introduction of virtual digital assets, the creation of effective decentralized database management systems.

Increasing the financial stability of enterprises with the help of financial analysis tools

Introduction. In market conditions, the successful operation of the enterprise largely depends on the level of stability of its financial condition. If the company is financially stable, it has a number of advantages over other companies of the same profile to obtain loans, attract investment, in the selection of contractors and in the selection of qualified personnel. The higher the financial stability of the company, the greater it is regardless of changes in market conditions and, consequently, the lower the risk of bankruptcy. Therefore, the strategic goal of any business is to ensure financial stability.If the company is financially stable, solvent, it has a number of advantages over other companies of the same profile in obtaining loans, attracting investment, in choosing suppliers and in the selection of qualified personnel. The higher the resilience of the company, the more it is independent of unexpected changes in market conditions and, consequently, the lower the risk of bankruptcy.Purpose. To develop theoretical and methodological approaches to ensure the financial stability of enterprises based on the use of financial analysis tools.Methods. The study was conducted using general and special methods of cognition: observation, statistical, logical and comparative analysis, grouping, generalization and classification, systemic and structural approaches. The total analytical potential of the tools used ensured the reliability of the conclusions and recommendations obtained in the study. Results. The essence and significance of the financial stability of the enterprise are revealed, the directions of strengthening the financial stability of the enterprise by effective use of the tools of financial analysis are outlined. The main functional components that determine the economic stability of the enterprise and a system of measures that provides a timely response to deviations from the planned values of economic stability of the enterprise are identified.Prospects for further research. Prospects for further research are to deepen the methodological foundations of ensuring the financial stability of the enterprise through the tools of financial analysis and the formation of strategies and tactics to ensure the financial stability of enterprises.

Intracompany reporting in the enterprise management system

Introduction. The modern conditions of enterprise operation have led to changes in management reporting approaches and have caused more discussions in nonfiction about its identity with intracompany reporting. Informatization of society, globalization processes in the economy and its sustainable development have led to the expansion of management reporting functions and to clear definition of main characteristics of intracompany reporting, which is created by the staff for its internal use with the adherence of principles of confidentiality. The impact of external factors, which are mostly negative nowadays (economic crisis, restrictions caused by the global pandemic, unfair actions of competitors, cyberattacks) require qualitative developments of intracompany reporting forms, which should ensure rapid detection of the negative changes at the enterprise and timely provide the information for its effective elimination.The purpose of the study lies in scientific and theoretical justification of the concept «intracompany reporting», in determination of the role for enterprise management and also in outlining the principles of reporting formation and techniques of its preparation taking into account the modern conditions of enterprises activity.Methods. In the research process the following methods were used: theoretical generalization, comparison, abstract-logical for distinguishing the concepts of «management reporting» and «intracompany reporting»; grouping, generalization, analogy, analysis and synthesis for identifying the principles of formation of intracompany reporting and its qualitative characteristics; modeling, induction and deduction, structural-logical, tabular for establishing the stages of reports formation at the enterprise and the techniques of its preparation.Results. The essence of management and intracompany reporting as an information field for necessary decisions making by their users is investigated. The role of intracompany reporting for enterprise management is established and it is proved that it is an integral part of management reporting. The formation and usage principles of intracompany reporting in the context of two groups are outlined: the principles that are used in the formation of financial and intracompany reporting; principles that are used in the formation of intracompany reporting. The qualitative characteristics of such reporting are clarified. The stages of its formation at the enterprise are highlighted. The expediency of construction the intracompany reporting information map at the enterprise is established and its form is offered. The necessity of development of Regulations (standard) of the intracompany reporting is proved. Perspectives. Further researches should be aimed at developing the Regulations (standard) of intracompany reporting, as well as formation of standardized forms of such reporting, taking into account enterprises’ branch peculiarities.

The role of expenditures of local budgets of Ukraine in ensuring socio-economic development of the regions

Introduction. Current trends in the growth of demand for public goods at the local level increase the expenditures of local budgets for their financial support. Transformation processes in Ukraine to increase the role of local budgets necessitate a clear distribution of sources of tax revenues between the levels of the budget system in direct proportion to the financing of local budgets and the introduction of an effective mechanism for effective financing of local budgets through ensuring the socio-economic development of regions.The purpose of the research is to substantiate the scientific and practical basis of the role of expenditures of local budgets of Ukraine in ensuring the socio-economic development of regions.Research methods are based on the dialectical method of scientific knowledge and a systematic approach to the study of local budget expenditures of Ukraine in terms of budget decentralization using methods of scientific abstractions and analogies, analysis and synthesis, economic and statistical analysis to study the role of local budget expenditures in ensuring socio-economic development of the regions.Results. The directions of activity of local authorities in the context of regulation of social and economic development of regions are considered and defined. The system of indicators according to which the monitoring of socio-economic development of regions is carried out is researched. Expenditures of local budgets of Ukraine of social orientation and expenditures on economic activity in the context of determining their impact on the socio-economic development of the regions are analyzed. The role of regional target programs as an important means of effective application of program-targeted budgeting is determined. The directions of growth of influence of expenses of local budgets in definition and maintenance of priorities of social and economic development of regions are outlined. Prospects. Further research is important to focus on increasing the efficiency of expenditure of local budgets in the context of ensuring the socio-economic development of the regions.

Ways to improve the innovation performance of enterprises

Introduction. It is proved that the role of innovation efficiency is significant for high- tech enterprises and is growing for the economy as a whole. However, evaluation of the efficiency of investment in innovation, which is used in practice, does not take into account sufficiently the features of the innovation process, which leads to a high proportion of false decisions and lack of the commercial outcome of innovations. To increase the efficiency of innovative activities of enterprises, new requirements are put forward to improve the mechanism of selection of innovative projects during their internal examination.The purpose of the study is to deepen the methodological approaches to assess the effectiveness of innovation performance of enterprises and improve the mechanism of examination of innovative projects.Research methods. The article used general scientific and specific research methods, in particular: analysis and synthesis - to improve the interpretation of the concept of “innovative activity of the enterprise”; system approach - to clarify the economic meaning of the concepts of “management of innovative activities of the enterprise”, “efficiency of innovative activities of the enterprise”; graphic - for visual representation of statistical material and illustration of theoretical and practical provisions; expert assessment - to determine the effectiveness of innovative activities of the enterprise.Results of the research. In the course the evaluation of the efficiency of investments in the innovation project predetermines processing of expert assessments applying special tools, which involves checking the conditions of consistency and consensus of experts’ ideas. The final stage of the expertise involves making a decision on selection of one or several innovation projects for implementation in the conditions of the enterprise under consideration. It is established that the basis of selection should be the rating of the innovation project, the cost of its implementation and the budget of the enterprise’s innovation development. The final decision on the appropriateness of introduction of the innovation project does not require rigid formalization, but should be taken by senior management board of the enterprise as a result of qualitative assessment of the efficiency of investment in innovation projects.Perspectives. In future research, we plan to develop an algorithm for evaluating and selecting innovative projects during its examination at the enterprise level; to investigate the methodological tools for evaluating the effectiveness of innovative activities of enterprises.

Variability of Ukrainian food security indicators in the context of global challenges

Introduction. In recent years, the need to address global socio-economic problems has become acute. One of the most important and relevant is food security. Food security on a global scale is twofold. On the one hand, countries that suffer from food shortages and fight against hunger by all possible means, but on the other hand, others suffer from food surpluses or excessive food consumption and аре forced to fight the nation’s obesity. Assessment of the level of food security is revealed through a system of indicators that give a comprehensive description of its current state, structure, dynamics and trends. Indicators are the most important guidelines for food security and are especially relevant for the conduct of general economic policy and evaluation of its results. The level of food security of the state is analyzed with the help of evaluation indicators and criteria, which allows to use them in the formation of directions of development of the agri-food sector of Ukraine.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to assess the level of food security of Ukraine on the basis of a study of its condition and dynamics, indicators of availability and structure of consumption of basic food products.Methods. To achieve this goal, a set of general scientific methods was used: theoretical generalization - to determine the essence and content of the concept of «food security of the country»; statistical analysis - to assess the indicators of food security of Ukraine in accordance with their threshold values; comparison and grouping - to assess food safety indicators in the dynamics; retrospective analysis - for the study and comparative evaluation of food security indicators; abstract-logical - for theoretical generalization and formulation of conclusions.Results. The analysis of food security revealed that the current crisis is an opportunity to use new tools for the development of the agricultural sector. It is substantiated that food security plays a key role in the socio-economic development of the state. The content of food security of the country is determined on the basis of normative legal acts. It is emphasized that the global challenge to food security is the threat and spread of coronavirus, as the introduction of quarantine restrictions makes it difficult for people to access food. It has been proven that ensuring global food security in the face of the challenges of the coronavirus pandemic requires society to improve cooperation. Indicators characterizing the state of food security of Ukraine by the main groups of food products are clarified and evaluated. During 1990-2019, changes in the quality of the human diet with the main types of products were analyzed; daily energy value of human diet; economic availability of products; adequacy of grain stocks in state reserves; differentiation of the cost of food by social groups; capacity of the domestic market for certain types of products; food independence for a particular product. Based on the analysis, it was found that the human diet decreased consumption of milk and dairy products, fish and berries and increased consumption of potatoes and sugar. The maintenance of a high level of the share of food expenditures in the total consumer expenditures of the population of Ukraine is revealed, which limits the opportunities to meet socio-cultural needs. It is proved that in order to increase the level of food security of the country in the conditions of modern global challenges, it is expedient to balance the food security system in terms of evaluation criteria and indicators.Discussion. A promising area of research is the need to improve approaches to methodological assessment of food security in the segments of ensuring its strategic guidelines and strengthening in the face of growing global challenges.

Current trends of the global stock market virtualization

Introduction. The rapid development of the latest information and financial technologies has led to radical changes in the process of securities trading. Effective implementation and use of various digital technologies for storage, processing and transmission of information has contributed to the rapid transformation of the global stock market. There was a transition of the global stock market to cyberspace. There is a scientific need for theoretical justification of the process of virtualization of the global stock market, highlighting its main trends and aspects.Purpose. The purpose of the study is to theoretically substantiate the hypothesis about the inevitability of the processes of the global stock market virtualization and to identify the main trends in this process.Methods. The research was carried out using such methods as: analysis and synthesis to study various aspects of the digital transformation of the global stock market; comparative analysis in identifying the main trends of its virtualization, tabular and graphical methods for visual presentation of the material.Results. In the process of scientific research, the changes in the global stock market, which have taken place and are constantly taking place under the influence of the latest information and communication technologies, are analyzed. The inevitability of the process of the global stock market virtualization is substantiated and the basis of the tendency of this process is singled out. It is noted that the rapid development of information and communication technologies has provided access to stock markets in real time and allowed to overcome the limitations of the size of the trading floor and the number of participants and instantly move capital from one point to another. It is outlined that e-commerce in financial instruments has created fundamentally new opportunities for traders. It is stated that the period of Industry 4.0. characterized by a decrease in the number of issuers on stock exchanges belonging to the group of industrial companies, and, accordingly, an increase in the number of companies that characterize the post-industrial era of society. The changes in the stock market caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have been studied. Emphasis is placed on increasing the risk of securities transactions and the need to protect systems from computer failures and cyber-attacks.Prospects. Given the relevance of this topic and available scientific developments, it is advisable to continue research on the process of the stock market virtualization due to the use of newer software and hardware, the use of new technologies and means of data transmission.

Evaluation of land use efficiency of united territorial communities taking into account the established restriction zones

Introduction. The need to provide the newly created united territorial communities with quality and timely documentation in the context of balancing the interests of the state, region and united territorial communities, it is important to assess the impact of existing regime on spatial planning of the united territorial community. In turn, this will minimize existing land conflicts and help attract investment projects, achieve strategic goals and improve the quality of life.The purpose is to generalize theoretical approaches and develop recommendations for ways to improve the efficiency of land use of united territorial communities, taking into account the established zones of restrictions in order to clearly and transparently delineate powers in the assigned territory.Research methods. The following research methods are used in the article: method of system-structural analysis (in the study of the essence and systematization of restrictions on land use around regime-forming objects); statistical and factor analysis (in the study of land fees to local budgets of Ukraine); comparative analysis (in the study of the actual state of land use of the united territorial communities in the Kherson region).Results. The current legislative support of legal forms of planning the functional use and protection of lands of united territorial communities is studied, taking into account the existing restrictions and burdens. The regime-forming objects in the use of lands of the united territorial communities are analyzed on the example of the Kherson region in order to identify opportunities to strengthen the economic potential on the ground. The expediency of modernization of the legislation regulating the activity of local self-government bodies and local state administrations, including in the field of land legislation, has been proved.Perspectives. Further research is needed to formulate specific proposals on the procedure and conditions for inclusion in the territories of united territorial communities of reserves.