Smart Theranostic Applications of Metal Nanoparticles Against Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 319-336
Author(s):  
Malathi Balasubramaniyan ◽  
Abdul Azeez Nazeer ◽  
Vimalraj Vinayagam ◽  
Sudarshana Deepa Vijaykumar
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Theranostic Agent ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Theranostic Applications ◽  
Synthesis Methodology ◽  
Enhanced Surface

Metals such as silver, gold, and copper were used in ancient times for their medicinal properties. When these metals are converted to nanoparticles, they show unique and advanced physicochemical and biological properties due to their enhanced surface to volume ratio. Hence, these properties are utilized by researchers to develop highly specific diagnostic tools as well as a therapeutic agent against cancer. Cancer is a complex disease-causing desolation and death. Early detection and treatment is the only way to evade mortality. This chapter focuses on metal nanoparticles used as a theranostic agent against cancer. It summarizes the synthesis methodology along with their advantages, drawbacks and characterizations. Their recent application in diagnosing and treating cancer has also been highlighted.

Nanobiotechnology: Nature-inspired silver nanoparticles towards green synthesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2198988
Author(s):  
Nur Syakirah Rabiha Rosman ◽  
Noor Aniza Harun ◽  
Izwandy Idris ◽  
Wan Iryani Wan Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Noble Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The emergence of technology to produce nanoparticles (1 nm – 100 nm in size) has drawn significant researchers’ interests. Nanoparticles can boost the antimicrobial, catalytic, optical, and electrical conductivity properties, which cannot be achieved by their corresponding bulk. Among other noble metal nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attained a special emphasis in the industry due to their superior physical, chemical, and biological properties, closely linked to their shapes, sizes, and morphologies. Proper knowledge of these NPs is essential to maximise the potential of biosynthesised AgNPs in various applications while mitigating risks to humans and the environment. This paper aims to critically review the global consumption of AgNPs and compare the AgNPs synthesis between conventional methods (physical and chemical) and current trend method (biological). Related work, advantages, and drawbacks are also highlighted. Pertinently, this review extensively discusses the current application of AgNPs in various fields. Lastly, the challenges and prospects of biosynthesised AgNPs, including application safety, oxidation, and stability, commercialisation, and sustainability of resources towards a green environment, were discussed.

Lukrecja – czy tylko słodka? Badania kliniczne, bezpieczeństwo stosowania, preparaty

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Antoniak ◽  
Marlena Dudek-Makuch ◽  
Wiesława Bylka
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Licorice Root ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Gastrointestinal Ulceration

Licorice has been used in medicine for ancient times. Licorice root contains active compounds with different activities: saponins, flavonoids, coumarins and essential oil. It shows diverse biological properties. This article presents current achievements with clinical trials and creates new possibilities to use licorice in therapy. It has been proved effectiveness of licorice preparations in infectious diseases of respiratory tract, aphthous stomatitis, in dermatoses and also in skin care. The conducted researches on licorice preparations, especially DGL, present on the pharmaceutical market, which are recommended in gastrointestinal ulceration, have not proved their anti-ulcerative effect. The results of some clinical trials may, however, raise doubts due to the small groups and sometimes the lack of randomization or standardization of the studied preparation. Due to its sweet taste, it is used as a corrigens.

scholarly journals Chemical composition, antimicrobial activity and biological properties of essential oils

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Saeidnejad ◽  
Peyman Rajaei
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Oil Repellent

Essential oils constitute a heterogeneous collection of chemical compounds. Their main characteristics are that they all synthesized by plants and are volatile and mostly soluble in ethanol. They have traditionally been obtained from plants and they have been widely used for insecticidal, medicinal and cosmetic purposes. Essential oils contains about 20–60 components at quite different concentrations and they are characterized by two or three major components at fairly high concentrations. Lately, the essential oils and various extracts of plants have gained special interest as sources of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents because of the resistance to antibiotics that some microorganisms have acquired and the possible toxicities of the synthetic antioxidants. Spices consumed daily in different types of food to improve flavors, since ancient times, are well known for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. During recent decades, numerous numbers of plants have been monitored for their possible role as repellents and insecticides. In this review, the chemical composition profile of some important medicinal plants was evaluated, then antimicrobial properties of a number of essential oils was compared. Antioxidant activity of some essential oils was also considered. Finally, essential oil repellent properties an an important characteristics was evaluated. Further investigation for available data related to the other biological properties of medicinal plants essential oil is recommended.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12043 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2) : 2015; 9-13

scholarly journals Energetic analysis of succinic acid in water droplets: insight into the size-dependent solubility of atmospheric nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuchu Chen ◽  
Xiaoxiang Wang ◽  
Kurt Binder ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Ghahremanpour ◽  
David van der Spoel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Size Dependence ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Bulk Volume ◽  
Energetic Analysis ◽  
Entropic Effect ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Enhanced Surface ◽  
Potential Of Mean Forces

Abstract. Size-dependent solubility is prevalent in atmospheric nanoparticles, but a molecular level understanding is still insufficient, especially for organic compounds. Here, we performed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the size dependence of succinic acid solvation on the scale of ~1–4 nm with the potential of mean forces method. Our analyses reveal that the surface preference of succinic acid is stronger for a droplet than the slab of the same size, and the surface propensity is enhanced due to the curvature effect as the droplet becomes smaller. Energetic analyses show that such surface preference is primarily an enthalpic effect in both systems, while the entropic effect further enhances the surface propensity in droplets. On the other hand, with decreasing droplet size, the solubility of succinic acid in the internal bulk volume may decrease, imposing an opposite effect on the size dependence of solubility as compared with the enhanced surface propensity. Meanwhile, structural analyses, however, show that the surface to internal bulk volume ratio increases drastically, especially when considering the surface in respect to succinic acid, e.g., for droplet with radius of 1 nm, the internal bulk volume would be already close to zero for the succinic acid molecule.

Energetic analysis of succinic acid in water droplets: insight into the size-dependent solubility of atmospheric nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuchu Chen ◽  
Xiaoxiang Wang ◽  
Kurt Binder ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Ghahremanpour ◽  
David van der Spoel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Size Dependence ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Bulk Volume ◽  
Energetic Analysis ◽  
Entropic Effect ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Enhanced Surface ◽  
Potential Of Mean Forces

<p>Size-dependent solubility is prevalent in atmospheric nanoparticles, but a molecular level understanding is still insufficient, especially for organic compounds. Here, we performed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the size dependence of succinic acid solvation on the scale of ~1-4 nm with the potential of mean forces method. Our analyses reveal that the surface preference of succinic acid is stronger for a droplet than the slab of the same size, and the surface propensity is enhanced due to the curvature effect as the droplet becomes smaller. Energetic analyses show that such surface preference is primarily an enthalpic effect in both systems, while the entropic effect further enhances the surface propensity in droplets. On the other hand, with decreasing droplet size, the solubility of succinic acid in the internal bulk volume may decrease, imposing an opposite effect on the size dependence of solubility as compared with the enhanced surface propensity. Meanwhile, structural analyses, however, show that the surface to internal bulk volume ratio increases drastically, especially when considering the surface in respect to succinic acid, e.g., for droplet with radius of 1 nm, the internal bulk volume would be already close to zero for the succinic acid molecule.</p>

scholarly journals A Cost-Effective Approach for Non-Persistent Gold Nano-Architectures Production

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Giannone ◽  
Melissa Santi ◽  
Maria Laura Ermini ◽  
Domenico Cassano ◽  
Valerio Voliani
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Noble Metal ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Noble Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Standardized Protocol ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Peculiar Characteristic ◽  
Theranostic Applications

The effective exploitation of the intriguing theranostic features of noble metal nanoparticles for therapeutic applications is far from being a routine practice due to the persistence issue. In this regard, passion fruit-like nano-architectures (NAs), biodegradable and excretable all-in-one, nature-inspired platforms which jointly combine these characteristics with the appealing optical behaviors of noble metal nanoparticles, can offer a new alternative for theranostic applications. Besides the need for efficacious and innovative systems, the reliable and cost-effective production of nanomaterials is a pivotal subject for their translation to the clinical setting. Here, we demonstrate the production of a new cheaper class of degradable, ultrasmall-in-nano-architectures (dragon fruit NAs, dNAs) using polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a cationic polymer without affecting either their compositions or their physiological behaviors, compared to the previous NAs. In particular, the standardized protocol characterized in this work ensures the preparation of high gold-loading capacity nanoparticles, a peculiar characteristic that, synergically with the interesting properties of PEI, may unlock new possible applications previously precluded to the first version of NAs while reducing the hand-made production cost by three orders of magnitude.

scholarly journals A Review of the Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of the Genus Santolina

Planta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (09/10) ◽  
pp. 627-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Tundis ◽  
Monica Loizzo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Mediterranean Flora ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Analgesic Activities ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe genus Santolina is a taxonomically complex group of plant species widely distributed in the Mediterranean flora and used in traditional medicine since ancient times for their biological properties, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, digestive, and analgesic activities. Phytochemical investigations of Santolina species have revealed the presence of terpenoids as the main bioactive constituents of the genus. Coumarins and flavonoids were also identified. This review deals, for the first time, with information on the traditional uses, chemical profile, and biological properties of plants of the genus Santolina in order to provide input for future research prospects.

scholarly journals Milestones in Personalized Medicine: From the Ancient Time to Nowadays—the Provocation of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Visvikis-Siest ◽  
Danai Theodoridou ◽  
Maria-Spyridoula Kontoe ◽  
Satish Kumar ◽  
Michael Marschler
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Over Time

The first evidence of individual targeting medicine appeared in ancient times thousands of years ago. Various therapeutic approaches have been established since then. However, even nowadays, conventional therapies do not take into consideration individuals' idiosyncrasy and genetic make-up, failing thus to be effective in some cases. Over time, the necessity of a more precise and effective treatment resulted in the development of a scientific field currently known as “personalized medicine.” The numerous technological breakthroughs in this field have acknowledged personalized medicine as the next generation of diagnosis and treatment. Although personalized medicine has attracted a lot of attention the last years, there are still several obstacles hindering its application in clinical practice. These limitations have come to light recently, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This review describes the “journey” of personalized medicine over time, emphasizing on important milestones achieved through time. Starting from the treatment of malaria, as a first more personalized therapeutic approach, it highlights the need of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic regimens based on individuals' genetic background. Furthermore, it aims at raising global awareness regarding the current limitations and the necessity of a personalized strategy to overpass healthcare problems and hence, the current crisis.

Biological properties of “naked” metal nanoparticles☆

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1289-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
R BHATTACHARYA ◽  
P MUKHERJEE
Keyword(s):  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Biological Properties

Application of Graphene and its Derivatives in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

Drug Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ghanbarzadeh ◽  
H. Hamishehkar
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽  
Small Molecule Drugs

AbstractAlthough chemotherapies are successful in some cases, systemic toxicity could be simultaneously observed due to the lack of drugs selectivity to cancerous tissues, leading to the failure of the chemotherapies. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects will be significantly improved if the anticancer drugs could be delivered to cancer cells with high selectivity. In recent years, there have been many advances in the field of diagnosis and treatment of cancer as a result of the development of novel materials with noticeable and often unique properties. Nanoparticles have unique biological properties, owing to their small size and large surface area-to-volume ratio, which allow them to bind, absorb, and carry compounds such as small molecule drugs, DNA, RNA, proteins, and probes with high efficiency. In the course of the last decade, Graphene and its derivatives have attracted growing interest in medicinal and pharmaceutical sciences, and many studies have focused on the potential of Graphene and its derivatives as carriers for targeted drug delivery intended for cancer diagnosis and therapies. In the present study, we will review the characteistics and application of Graphene and its different derivatives and finally discuss the opportunities, limitations, and challenges in this encouraging field.

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