scholarly journals COVID-19 IN PETS, WHAT DO WE KNOW?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 013-018
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Santos ◽  
Natalie Bertelis Merlini ◽  
Yury Tatiana Granja-Salcedo ◽  
Paulo Fernandes Marcusso
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Insufficiency ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The COVID-19 caused by the coronavirus 2 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported in Wuhan, China, starting an outbreak that affected countries around the whole world. The disease leads to simple clinical signs, such as colds common to more serious conditions as pneumonia and severe respiratory insufficiency. It is assumed that the agent was originated from bats in China, considering its as natural reservoirs, however, this relationship is still being investigated, as well as the possible intermediate hosts. Little is known about the relationship of animals with the disease epidemiological cycle, however, until now, the human transmission to companion animals and vice versa, is not yet evidenced. Nevertheless, some care must be considered if the tutors are infected by the disease.  

The relationship of Physaloptera maxillaris (Nematoda: Physalopteroidea) to skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Lincoln ◽  
Roy C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Mephitis Mephitis ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In skunk (Mephitis mephitis Schreber), stomach worms (Physaloptera maxillaris Molin 1860) detach from the stomach wall and feed on stomach contents. There was no evidence that worms feed on gastric mucosa as previously suggested for some related species. This feeding behavior is probably characteristic of the Physalopterinae. Experimental studies, as well as examination of wild skunk throughout the year, showed that development of worms is markedly influenced by the diet of the host. Larvae grew and eggs were produced in 65–76 days in skunk given an adequate diet. Larvae persisted but failed lo grow in skunk deprived of food for up to 70 days. In regions where the host must occasionally endure extended periods of food deprivation (e.g. during winter), small larvae (probably the third stage) persist in the stomach while other stages are passed out. These small larvae are apparently able to survive on stored food reserves and are resistant to periods of food deprivation. Larvae which have persisted throughout winter months in skunk begin to grow in the spring when food becomes available. Worms begin to produce numerous eggs which are passed in the faeces of the skunk in midsummer when intermediate hosts are abundant.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Symptomatic Assessment and Clinical Signs of Dryness in Dry Eye Subjects

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Hafidz Ithnin ◽  
Azrin Esmady Ariffin ◽  
Khairidzan Mohd Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Symptoms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: There was no previous study to assess relationship between dry eye symptoms and signs in the local population. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship of symptomatic assessment and clinical signs of dryness in dry eye subjects. Materials and method: A Cross-sectional study with convenient sampling involving 321 subjects with 642 eyes was done. Subjects were divided into non-dry eye (NDE) and dry eye (DE) groups. The division of NDE and DE groups were done using two types of classification. In Classification 1(symptoms-based), DE was defined if the score of Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score was more than 33. The value of tear film break-up time (TFBUT) less than 5 seconds and Schirmer test with anaesthesia (STA) less than 5mm/5 minutes were considered as DE for Classification 2 (signs based). Results: There were poor correlations between OSDI and clinical signs of dryness in all subjects involved (p > 0.05). Similar findings were also noted within NDE subjects in Classification 1 and Classification 2. OSDI score was also not significantly correlated with the signs of dryness within DE subjects except with ocular protection index (OPI) (r = - 0.14, p = 0.047) in Classification 1 and with conjunctival lissamine green staining (CLGS) (r = 0.23, p = 0.040) in Classification 2. Conclusion: There were no significant correlation between the symptoms of dry eye and the clinical signs of dry eye. Therefore, the clinical diagnosis of dry eye can be made based on either just on the symptoms or the signs.

The Companion Animal Bonding Scale: Internal Reliability and Construct Validity

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Poresky ◽  
Charles Hendrix ◽  
Jacob E. Mosier ◽  
Marvin L. Samuelson
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Companion Animal ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Weak Effect ◽  
Pet Ownership ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The literature on the relationship of companion animals and children shows only a weak effect of human-animal bonding on child development. The use of “pet ownership” or cohabitation rather than the relationship or interaction between the child and the animal as a measure of bonding appears to be a serious and limiting deficiency, which impaired the empirical evidence concerning the development and effects of human-animal bonding. The Companion Animal Bonding Scale is an 8-item behavioral scale describing the extent of child-animal activities. The scale was administered by questionnaire with a childhood focus and a contemporary focus to 121 high school and college students. The Cronbach alpha estimates of internal reliability were 0.82 and 0.77, respectively. Construct validity was indicated by significant correlations between scores on the Pet Attitude Scale and the childhood and contemporary bonding scale of .39 and .40, respectively.

scholarly journals Relationship of Non Structural Antigen 1 (NS1) Examination Results To Clinical Signs ,Symptoms and Routine Blood Examination In Patients Suspected Dengue Infections at inpatients Clinic of Vita Medika Kepung Kediri Districts

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Acivrida Mega Charisma
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Blood Examination ◽  
Routine Blood ◽  
Examination Result ◽  
Ns1 Antigen ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Early diagnosis of dengue infection is important because late diagnostic can be fatal to the patient, remembered the journey of the disease is very rapid. Currently there has been developed an examination of a non structural 1 dengue antigen (NS1) that can detect dengue viral infections earlier, even on the first day of fever. However, not all health care centers have adequate laboratory facilities for NS1 checks.Clinical symptoms and signs as well as a routine blood test are indicators that become the basis of diagnosis in health care facilities with limited facilities. This study aims to determine the relationship of NS1 examination result to clinical symptoms and signs as well as the result of routine blood tests in patients suspected dengue infection. This research uses observational analytic method with cross sectional approach. The research was conducted in clinic laboratory and inpatient clinic room of Vita Medika Kepung Kediri from November 2017 to February 2018.The number of research samples of 30 people was determined by the consecutive sampling technique. NS1 examination was done by using rapid immunochromatography test method with mono kits. Routine blood examination was done by using Micros 60. Chi square test on relationship between clinical sign and symptoms  examination of dengue with the results of NS1 examination obtained p= 0,310 (p > 0,005), while the results of chi square test on the relationship of routine blood examination results haemoglobine levels, amount of leucocyte, platelet count and hematocite of NS1 examination result obtained p value in a row p = 0,235 (p > 0,05) , p = 0,013(p < 0,05) , p = 0,028(p < 0,05)  dan p = 0,132 (p > 0,05). There was a significant correlation between leucocyte count and platelet count to NS1 antigen exanimation result , but there was no correlation between clinical signs and symptoms of dengue patients, haemoglobine level and haematocryt value on NS1 antigen examination result.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

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