Corrosion Risk of Welded Steel Frames in the Urban Areas of Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 479-480 ◽  
pp. 1101-1104
Author(s):  
Ker Chun Lin ◽  
Kuen Tai Liou ◽  
Heui Yung Chang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Corrosion Risk ◽  
Welding Surface ◽  
Steel Welds ◽  
Recent Experimental Work

This paper reviews the recent experimental work on steel welds and connections, as to investigate the effects of corrosion on steel welded frames in the urban areas in Taiwan. In the first part of the paper, the tensile strengths have been compared for steel welds with and without rust. In the worst case, the steel plates were placed outdoors for 9 months, as to cause pitting on the welding surface (i.e. the rust level was raised to the SSPC level D). The rust was found to reduce the strength 5% on average. In the second part, the hysteresis loops were depicted and compared for the 2 connections taken from an existing building. The connections were tested after being exposed to air and moisture 10 years. The non-rehabilitated connection developed strength well until the top beam flange fractured at the interstory drift over 3%. Despite that, the connection tests didnt show any impacts of corrosion. Based on the above work, corrosion can be considered to affect the steel welded frames in Taiwan, but to a limited extent.

Aspects Regarding the Achievement of Vertical Welding Joints

2015 ◽  
Vol 1128 ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radu Cristian Seculin ◽  
Barna Fazakas ◽  
Teodor Machedon Pisu ◽  
Mihai Alin Pop
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Welding Wire ◽  
Oscillation System ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Welding Torch ◽  
Welding Joints ◽  
Protective Gas ◽  
Welding Procedure

The vertical MAG welding procedure is a difficult position to be executed because the trend of the molten bath flowing. This article aims to present the achievement of vertical welding joints with a linear device with a radial oscillation system that should achieve automatic vertical welds and the correlation of the welding parameters with the movement of the welding torch in order to obtain these, using the MAG procedure, protective gas M 21 (82% argon + 18% CO2), welding wire SG2, the material of the welded pieces S 355 JR. Samples will be cut from the welded steel plates and they will be characterized from the mechanical point of view (hardness, microstructure and macrostructure).

scholarly journals Effect of Residual Stresses on the Elastoplastic Behavior of Welded Steel Plates

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 702
Author(s):  
José Manuel Gordo
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Finite Elements Analysis ◽  
Elastoplastic Behavior ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Plate Elements ◽  
Tension And Compression ◽  
Free Case ◽  
Range Of Variation

A robust methodology to simulate virtually the residual stresses pattern in welded steel plates is presented. The methodology is applied to the structural analysis of typical welded plates belonging to ship structures, and the effect of residual stresses on the elastoplastic behavior of plates loaded axially is analyzed in comparison to the residual stress free case, both for tension and compression and including initial imperfections. Residual stresses affect in different manner plates with different geometries; thus a parametric study is performed covering the usual range of variation of the most important plate parameters that control the strength of the plates, more precisely the slenderness and the aspect ratio. The results from finite elements analysis are compared with codes and most established formulations and recommendations of applicability in the prediction of load-shortening curves for hull’s bending strength evaluation, ultimate strength and ultimate strain of plate elements are made.

Design of Laterally Loaded Plating—Uniform Pressure Loads

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Owen F. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Lateral Pressure ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Subsequent Paper ◽  
Rigid Plastic ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
High Speed Impact ◽  
Laterally Loaded ◽  
Good Agreement

An explicit formula is presented for the design of welded steel plates subjected to uniform lateral pressure, on the basis of a designer-specified level of acceptable permanent set, including that due to welding. The formula is derived from a combination of theoretical and experimental studies and shows good agreement with experimental results. For the convenience of designers the formula is also given in the form of design curves. The paper also delineates the areas of application of this and other formulas for laterally loaded plating. In brief, the paper shows that for static and quasistatic loads the formula derived herein is more accurate than formulas based on either the pseudo-elastic or the rigid-plastic approach. As the load becomes more dynamic the rigid-plastic approach becomes more appropriate, and for high-speed impact loads the rigid-plastic approach is best. For quasistatic loads, such as slamming, the formula presented herein is somewhat conservative while the rigid-plastic formulas are somewhat optimistic. A similar formula for concentrated loads (such as wheel loads) will be presented in a subsequent paper.

Estimate of Energy Performance Indicator of Existing Single-Family Houses in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2020 ◽  
pp. 244-260
Author(s):  
Darija Gajić ◽  
Erdin Salihović ◽  
Nermina Zagora
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Statistical Estimates ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Collective Housing

Yielding from an overall quantitative study of the residential sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), this chapter concentrates on the ratio between single-family and collective housing, as well as on the urban-rural ratio of the single-family housing. Based on the data from the existing building stock (buildings built by 2014) and the statistical estimates, 23% of the buildings belong to the urban areas and 77% belong to the rural areas. The main goal was to study the correlation between the characteristics of the building envelope, the shape factor (A/V ratio) and the energy savings potential for the application of conventional measures of refurbishment of the building envelope of the single-family houses (type of buildings, which dominate in rural and urban areas). The chapter wraps up with recommendations for the adequate level of the energy performance indicator (energy need for heating) for the approved energy class for single-family houses located in the climate zone of the northern B&H.

Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation of Stress Corrosion Crack in Welded Steel Plate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoyun Ma ◽  
Lingyu Yu ◽  
Poh-Sang Lam ◽  
Robert L. Sindelar ◽  
Andrew J. Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Crack Length ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducer ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Wave System ◽  
Welded Steel

Abstract Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) has been observed in the high-level nuclear waste tanks that were constructed by welding carbon steel plates. This paper aims to establish an ultrasonic inspection system and its fundamental ability for SCC inspection and quantification on thick welded steel plates. A welded steel plate was fabricated without heat treatment by joining two carbon steel plates through gas metal arc welding (GMAW) procedure. SCC growth, which was initiated with starter cracks across the weld, were observed in a few weeks after submerging the plate in 5 molar (5M) sodium nitrate (NaNO3) solution at about 90 °C. The SCC is inspected with an ultrasonic guided wave system, which employs a piezoelectric transducer for guided wave actuation and a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV) for wavefield sensing. The measured wavefield can immediately show wave interactions with the crack. Wavefield images are further generated for the crack length quantification. To demonstrate the crack sizing capability of using the piezoelectric transducer and SLDV, the previous results from the magnetic particle test (MT) are compared. Reasonable agreement in crack length measurement is obtained with the ultrasonic test imaging technique.

Stress Analysis in Automobile Components Using Reflexive Photoelasticity Technique

2006 ◽  
Vol 5-6 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
P. Smith Neto ◽  
E.S. Palma ◽  
V.M. Figueiredo Bicalho
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Material ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Automotive Components ◽  
Simple Geometry ◽  
Body Shell ◽  
Automobile Components ◽  
External Loads

The main objective of this work was to introduce Reflexive Photoelasticity Technique in qualifying automotive components at Fiat Automoveis S.A in Brazil. Actual stresses were determined in a simple geometry plate and also in nodes of a body shell of a passenger vehicle by using reflexive photoelasticity methodology. Initially, tests were performed in welded steel plates submitted to traction loads. These plates were previously coated with birrefringent plastic material. External loads were applied through hydraulic MTS actuators. Stress and strain distribution in welded points neighboring areas using reflexive polariscope were quantitative determined. Simultaneously, these stress and strains acting on the welded plate were determined using strain gauges. The results from both experimental techniques (photoelasticity and strain gauges) were compared with those obtained from a numerical model using finite element method. The results were correlated and analyzed. Finally, reflexive photoelasticity technique was used to determine the stresses in nodes of a body shell of a passenger vehicle. Through this analysis it was possible to determine critical points in the structure with peak stresses.

Transformation Temperatures and Welding Residual Stresses in Ferritic Steels

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Francis ◽  
H. J. Stone ◽  
S. Kundu ◽  
R. B. Rogge ◽  
H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Thick Steel ◽  
Steel Welds ◽  
Welding Consumables ◽  
Filler Metals

Residual stress in the vicinity of a weld can have a large influence on structural integrity. Here the extent to which the martensite-start temperature of the weld filler metal can be adjusted to mitigate residual stress distributions in ferritic steel welds has been investigated. Three single-pass groove welds were deposited by manual-metal-arc welding on 12mm thick steel plates using filler metals designed to have different martensite-start temperatures. Their residual stress distributions were then characterised by neutron diffraction. It was found that a lower transformation temperature leads to a potentially less harmful stress distribution in and near the fusion zone. The experimental method is reported and the results are interpreted in the context of designing better welding consumables.

Statistical Analysis of Fatigue Data From an Interlaboratory Testing Program on Weld Improvement Techniques

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Naess ◽  
P. J. Haagensen
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Round Robin Test ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Design Guidance

A fatigue testing program has been designed to determine the effect on the fatigue strength of several post weld improvement techniques. The program was organized by Commission XIII of the International Institute of Welding (IIW) and twelve testing laboratories in nine countries participated. The main objective of the round-robin test program was to check the reproducibility of the treatments, and secondly to establish design guidance in terms of level of improvement in fatigue strength. Twelve large welded steel plates were distributed and the treatments that included burr grinding, TIG dressing and three types of peening were performed on plate segments in each laboratory. Simple T-joint specimens were fabricated and fatigue testing was carried out following a prescribed procedure. Standard regression analysis was made and the results were reported by each laboratory. The paper briefly reviews the test program and the statistical analyses that were used to evaluate the results.

Relationship between the Microstructure of the Welded Steel Plates and the Efficiency of Vibration Stress Relief

2014 ◽  
Vol 941-944 ◽  
pp. 2062-2065
Author(s):  
Shu Qi Li ◽  
Hong Yuan Fang ◽  
Xue Song Liu ◽  
Wei Cui
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Relief ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Welded Structures ◽  
Vibration Stress ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Main Factor

Welded components of low alloy steels are widely used in various applications. Stress reliving is very important to these welded structures. Vibration stress relief (VSR) is an relatively new method for this purpose. In this study, Q235 and Q345 steel plates were welded. Then they were treated by VSR. The microstructure of the welded lines were investigated and the residual stresses in two directions in these welded structures were measured. The difference of the efficiency of VSR on the two materials were investigate. It is found that, the decreasing amplitude of the residual stress in the Q235 welded structures significantly exceeded that in the Q345 welded structures. The grain size in the area near the weld lines is the main factor that affects the efficiency of the VSR treatment.

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